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	The Internet Classics Archive \| Nicias by Plutarch
		Nicias was a younger man, yet was in some reputation even whilst Pericles lived; so much so as to have been his colleague in the office of general, and to have held command by himself more than once.
		Nicias, because of his experience, was looked upon as the fitter for the employment, and his wariness with the bravery of Alcibiades, and the easy temper of Lamachus, all compounded together, promised such security, that he did but confirm the resolution.
		Nicias had no wish for a sea-fight, but said it was mere folly for them, when Demosthenes was coming in all haste with so great a fleet and fresh forces to their succour, to engage the enemy with a less number of ships and ill provided.
	classics.mit.edu /Plutarch/nicias.html (6837 words)

	Peace of Nicias - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Peace of Nicias was a peace treaty that was signed between the Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta in 421 BC, ending the first half of the Peloponnesian War.
		That same year, the Athenians suffered a major defeat in Boeotia at the Battle of Delium, and in 422 BC they were defeated at the Battle of Amphipolis in their attempt to take back that city.
		The Athenian representatives were Lampon, Isthmonicus, Nicias, Laches, Euthydemus, Procles, Pythodorus, Hagnon, Myrtilus, Thrasycles, Theagenes, Aristocrates, Iolcius, Timocrates, Leon, Lamachus, and Demosthenes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peace_of_Nicias (368 words)

	Nicias - The Slave of Fear
		Nicias thought that this show of force might win some allies, but all it did was dishearten the Athenians still more, and delay changed the attitude of the enemy from dread to contempt.
		Nicias argued that Syracuse would soon give in because the Syracusans would be deserted by their allies and the food and water in the city would run out.
		Nicias did his share of the labor and tried in all ways he could think of to raise the spirits of his men by showing them a good example of a man undaunted by misfortune.
	www.e-classics.com /nicias.htm (4564 words)

	NICIAS - LoveToKnow Article on NICIAS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In 421 he took a prominent part in the arrangement of the " Peace of Nicias," which terminated the iirst decade of the Peloponnesian War (q.v.).
		He now entered with varying success upon a period of rivalry with Alcibiades, the details of which are largely matters of conjecture.
		NICIAS, son of Nicomedes, an Attic painter of the 4th century B.C. Pliny (xxxv.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /N/NI/NICIAS.htm (446 words)

	The Baldwin Project: Our Young Folks' Plutarch by Rosalie Kaufman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Nicias worked for peace even after the decree for war was passed, but he worked in vain, and he was appointed to command with Lamachus and Alcibiades.
		Of course Nicias obeyed, because he was too pious and superstitious to do otherwise, so he gave up all thought of war, and passed his time in prayer and sacrifices, while the enemy took possession of the walls and forts, and filled the harbor with their vessels.
		Nicias was more to be pitied than any one, for not only was he ill and suffering bodily, but he had to bear the disgrace of defeat after having hoped for honor and success.
	www.mainlesson.com /display.php?author=kaufman&book=plutarch&story=nicias (2401 words)

	William Smith : A Smaller History of [Ancient] Greece - Peloponnesean War until 413 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Nicias landed at Leon, a place upon the bay of Thapsus, at the distance of only six or seven stadia from Epipolae, took possession of Epipolae, and erected on the summit a fort called Labdalum.
		Nicias himself had fallen into a bad state of health; and in this discouraging posture of affairs he wrote to Athens requesting to he recalled, and insisting strongly on the necessity of sending reinforcements.
		Nicias and Demosthenes were condemned to death in spite of all the efforts of Gylippus and Hermocrates to save them.
	www.ellopos.net /elpenor/greek-texts/ancient-greece/history-of-ancient-greece-12-peloponnesian-war3.asp (4326 words)

	Nicias
		Although Nicias, the son of Niceratus, was born in c.470 and was about forty years old when the Archidamian War between Sparta and Athens broke out in 431, we know hardly anything about his early career.
		Nicias understood what was about to happen, but his soldiers were defeated by the Syracusan cavalry and could not prevent their enemies from finishing their counterwall.
		Nicias, however, was against it, and the two commanders decided to wait a bit longer, to see if the Syracusans might collapse - after all, there were reports that they had become weary of the war and were willing to come to terms with the reinforced Athenian army.
	www.livius.org /ne-nn/nicias/nicias.html (2288 words)

	Nicias (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In the first 10 years of the conflict, Nicias proved his ability as a leader of offensive expeditions and in 421 negotiated the Peace of Nicias and an alliance with Sparta.
		The recall of Alcibiades and the death of Lamachus left Nicias, although ill, in sole charge of the siege of Syracuse.
		Nicias asked to be relieved of his command, but instead reinforcements under Demosthenes arrived early in 413.
	www.kat.gr /kat/history/Greek/Gn/Nicias.htm (226 words)

	The Peace of Nicias
		In March 421, the Peace of Nicias was signed, which marked the end of the Archidamian War.
		It is called after the Athenian negotiator Nicias; no doubt, the Spartans had another name for the document.
		Peace shall be made by Sparta and Athens jointly and simultaneously.
	www.livius.org /pb-pem/peloponnesian_war/war_t04.html (1728 words)

	The Peloponnesian War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The leader of the peace faction was Nicias, and it was he who negotiated a truce with Sparta.
		But this stretch of years was essentially a breathing space for both sides, and Nicias was the political beneficiary of it.
		The quarrel with Sparta was by no means settled, and there were plenty of incidents during the years of "peace" to provide fuel for agitators.
	history.boisestate.edu /westciv/peloponn/08.shtml (181 words)

	Nicias (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Nicias may be a puzzle as a leader, but even he has his moments to shine; and this passage tells of one of those times.
		Luckily for Nicias, this time he ends up on the right side of their favor...but as the beginning of this passage warns, he is also about to come up against a problem named Alcibiades.
		Nicias, at first, is not in a hurry to return to Athens where he will face scorn and probably punishment; but increasing illness among his men and fresh support for the Syracusans change his mind as well.
	www.amblesideonline.org /Nicias.shtml (3902 words)

	The Greeks - 421: The Peace of Nicias *(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)*
		The Greeks - 421: The Peace of Nicias
		The Peace of Nicias, named after the chief Athenian negotiator, was a treaty of mutual defense between Athens and Sparta in which they each agreed to defend each other for the next fifty years!
		Sparta was in no position to restore order in those city-states it had encouraged to rebel, and several of its more powerful allies were openly critical of the peace terms.
	www.pbs.org /empires/thegreeks/background/39c_p1.html (208 words)

	Leaders and Battles: Nicias,
		In 421 B.C. desiring peace with Sparta, he was vital in the Peace of Nicias that terminated the first decade of the Peloponnesian War.
		When Alcibiades urged the expedition to Syracuse, although Nicias discouraged it, he was appointed co-commander along with Alcibiades and Lamachus.
		Nicias soon found himself sole commander after Alcibiades was recalled and Lamachus died.
	www.lbdb.com /TMDisplayLeader.cfm?PID=5374 (113 words)

	Nicias (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Nicias, a moderate, opposed the policies of the radical democrats.
		His main achievement of the Peloponnesian War was the conclusion of a peace with Sparta which secured favourable terms for Athens.
		Thucydides, despite partially defending Nicias’ policies and underlining his dedication to the city, imputed the Athenian disaster to a great extent onto the inadequacy of his military leadership.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /AncGreece/nicias.htm (183 words)

	AllRefer.com - Nicias (Ancient History, Greece, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		When the expedition to Syracuse was urged by Alcibiades, Nicias tried to discourage it, but Athens nevertheless made him commander, along with Alcibiades and Lamachus.
		When the Spartan Gylippus arrived, and only retreat from Syracuse was feasible, Nicias refused to allow a retreat until it was too late.
		The Athenian fleet and expedition were shortly overwhelmed by the Syracusans, and Nicias was captured in a hasty retreat on land and subsequently executed.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/Nicias.html (234 words)

	Peace of Nicias - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Both decided to return everything that they had conquered during the war, except for, which would remain in Athenian hands, and Plataea, which remained under the control of Thebes.
		Athens also agreed to come to Sparta's aid if the helots revolted.
		The Athenian representatives were Lampon, Isthmonicus, Nicias, Laches, Euthydemus, Procles, Pythodorus, Hagnon, Myrtilus, Thrasycles, Theagenes, Aristocrates, Iolcius, Timocrates, Leon,, and Demosthenes.
	www.lexington-fayette.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Peace_of_Nicias (403 words)

	A Smaller History of Greece - Chapter XI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		He was saluted with cries of "Why don't you go, then?" and Nicias, thinking probably to catch his opponent in his own trap, seconded the voice of the assembly by offering to place at his disposal whatever force he might deem necessary for the enterprise.
		By the death of Brasidas and Cleon the two chief obstacles to a peace were removed; for the former loved war for the sake of its glory, the latter for the handle which it afforded for agitation and for attacking his political opponents.
		The Athenian Nicias, and the Spartan king Pleistoanax, zealously forwarded the negotiations, and in the spring of the year B.C. 421 a peace for 50 years, commonly called the PEACE OF NICIAS, was concluded on the basis of a mutual restitution of prisoners and places captured during the war.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/european/ASmallerHistoryofGreece/chap11.html (4301 words)

	Peace of Nicias -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In 425 BC the Spartans had lost the battles of (Click link for more info and facts about Pylos) Pylos and (Click link for more info and facts about Sphacteria) Sphacteria, a severe defeat resulting in the Athenians holding many Spartan prisoners.
		The negotiations were begun by (Click link for more info and facts about Pleistoanax) Pleistoanax, (Click link for more info and facts about King of Sparta) King of Sparta, and the Athenian general (Click link for more info and facts about Nicias) Nicias.
		The Athenian representatives were Lampon, Isthmonicus, Nicias, Laches, Euthydemus, Procles, Pythodorus, Hagnon, Myrtilus, Thrasycles, Theagenes, Aristocrates, Iolcius, Timocrates, Leon, Lamachus, and (Athenian statesman and orator (circa 385-322 BC)) Demosthenes.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/P/Pe/Peace_of_Nicias.htm (314 words)

	Plutarch's Life of Nicias
		¶ Alcibiades and Nicias conspire to have Hyperbolus exiled.
		Nicias now remained sole general, and with great prospects; for cities began to come over to alliance with him, and ships laden with corn from every coast came to the camp, everyone favoring when matters went well.
		Demosthenes and Nicias did not die, as Thucydides and Philistus have written, by the order of the Syracusans, but that upon a message sent them from Hermocrates, whilst yet the assembly were sitting, by the connivance of some of their guards, they were enabled to put an end to themselves.
	www.bostonleadershipbuilders.com /plutarch/nicias.htm (8534 words)

	A Smaller History of Greece - Chapter XI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		He was saluted with cries of "Why don't you go, then?" and Nicias, thinking probably to catch his opponent in his own trap, seconded the voice of the assembly by offering to place at his disposal whatever force he might deem necessary for the enterprise.
		By the death of Brasidas and Cleon the two chief obstacles to a peace were removed; for the former loved war for the sake of its glory, the latter for the handle which it afforded for agitation and for attacking his political opponents.
		The Athenian Nicias, and the Spartan king Pleistoanax, zealously forwarded the negotiations, and in the spring of the year B.C. 421 a peace for 50 years, commonly called the PEACE OF NICIAS, was concluded on the basis of a mutual restitution of prisoners and places captured during the war.
	www.worldwideschool.com /library/books/hst/european/ASmallerHistoryofGreece/chap11.html (4301 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Historical outline of the years preceding the Sicilian Expedition, with emphasis on the roles of Thucydides (esp. the Battle of Amphipolis in 422), Nicias, and Alcibiades.
		Peace of Nicias (421) breaks the war into two distinct periods, certainly for contemporaries.
		Generals chosen are Nicias and Alcibiades, but the latter is arrested in route for his widely held involvement in an act of public sacrilege in Athens.
	www.umich.edu /~classics/programs/class/cc/101/Acosta-Hughes/OutlinesN221.htm (169 words)

	NTU Info Centre: Peloponnesian War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Brasidas, a Spartan general, raised an army of allies and helots and went for one of the sources of Athenian power, capturing the Athenian colony of Amphipolis, which happened to control several nearby silver mines which the Athenians were using to finance the war.
		The Peace of Nicias lasted for some six years, but was a time of constant skirmishing in and around the Peloponnese.
		In the final stages of the preparations for departure the hermai (religious statues) were mutilated by unknown persons, and Alcibiades, the Athenian general in charge of the expedition, was charged with religious crimes.
	www.nowtryus.com /article:Peloponnesian_War (2563 words)

	The Peloponnesian War The Peace of Nicias (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The leader of the peace faction was Nicias, and it was he who negotiated a truce with Sparta.
		But this stretch of years was essentially a breathing space for both sides, and Nicias was the political beneficiary of it.
		The quarrel with Sparta was by no means settled, and there were plenty of incidents during the years of "peace" to provide fuel for agitators.
	www.roebuckclasses.com /101/Lectures/ancient/peloponn/08.htm (199 words)

	Schola Great Books 1 Class Forum
		The peace of Nicias was to be held for fifty years, “without fraud or damage by land or sea.” In the peace, it was unlawful for one side to take up arms against the other.
		In the debate between Nicias and Alciabiades, their topic was the launching of the Sicilian expedition.
		Nicias argued that it would be quite unwise to launch a force against Sicily.
	www.network54.com /Forum/post?forumid=108873&messageid=1109017352 (1164 words)

	Study Guide 20: A Quick Guide to the Peloponnesian Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Nicias was one of the Athenian generals/leaders during this period.
		Nicias shared command with Lamachus and Alcibiades, but A. was recalled to Athens shortly after the expedition began and Lamachus died in the 2nd year in single combat
		Meanwhile, the captured Spartiates were taken to Athens and held and became an element of the Peace of Nicias.
	www.facstaff.bucknell.edu /gretaham/Teaching/greekciv/02sg20.htm (1511 words)

	The Peloponnesian War -- Chapter 15 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		They were the only people of the allies who, when the reconciliation between the Sicilians took place, had not made peace with her; nor indeed would they have done so now, if they had not been pressed by a war with the Hipponians and Medmæans who lived on their border, and were colonists of theirs.
		These considerations made both sides disposed for an accommodation; the Lacedæmonians being probably the most eager, as they ardently desired to recover the men taken upon the island, the Spartans among whom belonged to the first families and were accordingly related to the governing body in Lacedæmon.
		This treaty was made in the spring, just at the end of winter, directly after the city festival of Dionysus, just ten years, with the difference of a few days, from the first invasion of Attica and the commencement of this war.
	www.litrix.com /pelop/pelop015.htm (3340 words)

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