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Topic: Peace of Nijmegen

	Vrijwilligerswerk in Zuid-Afrika - Be More - Mother of Peace
		Midden in het glooiende heuvellandschap van Lower Illovo ligt, verscholen tussen de suikerrietvelden, Mother of Peace.
		Mother of Peace werkt nauw samen met de Zuid-Afrikaanse overheid en de omringende community, om zo goed mogelijk te zorgen voor de kinderen die het 't hardst nodig hebben.
		Zo wordt er binnenkort bijvoorbeeld een crèche gestart voor kinderen van 2 tot 6 jaar oud, waarbij vrijwilligers een belangrijke rol spelen.
	www.be-more.nl /be-more/projecten/mother_of_peace (240 words)

	Nijmegen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nijmegen (obsolete spellings: Nijmwegen, Nymegen, Nieumeghen — known in German as Nimwegen, French as Nimègue, and Spanish as Nimega) is a municipality and a city in the east of the Netherlands, near the German border.
		The municipality is formed by the city of Nijmegen, incorporating the former villages of Hatert, Hees and Neerbosch, as well as the Waalsprong, that lies to the north of the river Waal, including the village of Lent and the new suburbs of Nijmegen-Oosterhout and Nijmegen-Ressen.
		Nijmegen is host to a university, the Radboud University Nijmegen, which was founded in 1923 as the first catholic university in the Netherlands.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nijmegen (1221 words)

	Treaties of Nijmegen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Some of the countries involved signed peace deals elsewhere, such as the Treaty of Celle (Sweden made peace with Lüneburg), Treaty of Saint-Germain (France and Sweden made peace with Brandenburg) and Treaty of Fontainebleau (French dictated peace between Sweden and Denmark-Norway).
		Sweden was not part of the treaty, but a paragraph in the treaty forced the United Provinces to take a neutral approach toward Sweden, with which they had been at war since 1675.
		October 2, 1679 – Sweden signed a peace with the United Provinces (Netherlands).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Nijmegen (294 words)

	Svenska krig / Swedish Wars - The Swedish Peace Treaties of 1679
		This was the first peace treaty in a number of peace treaties the ended the war for Sweden.
		The result for Sweden was that the terms of the peace treaty in Westfalen of 1648 was to be honored and that all of Sweden’s provinces in Northern Germany were to remain Swedish.
		The King of France demanded Denmark to accept that land and terms of the 1660 peace treaty in Copenhagen was to be reinstated.
	www.algonet.se /~hogman/slkrig_eng16b.htm (839 words)

	YouTube - The Rifles - Peace And Quiet Nijmegen
		YouTube - The Rifles - Peace And Quiet Nijmegen
		The Rifles - Peace & Quiet @ The Garage, London
		The Rifles - Peace & Quiet [Cabin session] (Lowlands 2007)
	www.youtube.com /?v=vmocT8JG53c (207 words)

	Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Peace of Monsieur and defeat of Henry III.
		De Monts surrendered his colonization rights in North America which were purchased by Antoinette de Pons, a lady of honor to the queen and an intense devotee of Church of Rome and supporter of Society of Jesus (Jesuits).
		Peace of Alais ends civil war in France and Huguenots cease to exist as a political force.
	www.pierrechastain.com /timeline.htm (2369 words)

	What Can You Learn from History?
		Thus, a peace dividend of victory lets the ruling rentiers wage class warfare to the max, maintaining power of landlords to collect rent and enclose commons.
		As to religion, the suppression of the landless was ecumenical: in Germany, Catholic Charles V, with Luther’s approval, suppressed and dispossessed rebel protestants; in England, Henry VIII confiscated church lands and suppressed catholics.
		Peace followed by boom followed by bust is a common pattern.
	www.progress.org /2005/mason01.htm.htm (2393 words)

	Netherlands, The
		Following the peace of Westphalia (1648) a struggle followed between the Orangist party, which favoured centralization under the Prince of Orange as chief magistrate (or stadholder), and the republican, oligarchical or states' rights party, headed by Johann de Witt.
		The Palace of Peace, to which many nations contributed, was opened in The Hague in 1913, as the premises of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (now the UN International Court of Justice).
		There was heavy fighting in the area between Nijmegen and Arnhem during the ensuing days, and the position of the First Airborne Division became so precarious that on 25 September orders were given for the withdrawal of all forces across the Lower Rhine (see Arnhem, Battle of).
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0019829.html (3756 words)

	PAWSS \| For Students - Graduate Education Guide
		Possible areas of study are peace education, economic equality and peaceful societies, and the comparative global study of peace organizations.
		An informal focus on peace issues can be arranged under the auspices of the Master and Diploma programs in Strategic Studies, which offer a basic strategic studies and defense analysis curriculum with primary emphasis on Pacific regional affairs.
		The Ph.D. in Social and Cultural Anthropology focus is on three areas: integrating Eastern and Western philosophies and theories of peace, war, and global dynamics; exploring the personal, social, and global process of transformation from a cross-cultural and anthropological perspective; and examining the peace/war process from the personal to the global level.
	pawss.hampshire.edu /students/grad/ac.html (1296 words)

	time3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The Peace of Prague is signed between Ferdinand II and Protestant German princes.
		Peace of Cardis ends the war between Sweden and Russia.
		The Treaty of Nijmegen establishes peace between France, the Dutch and Spain.
	cla.umn.edu /clanet/marko/time3.htm (4148 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search View - Louis XIV
		The pact was sealed in 1660 by the marriage of Louis to Marie-Thérèse, the eldest daughter of King Philip IV of Spain.
		When peace came at Nijmegen in 1678, Louis had achieved a defensible perimeter around the core of his inheritance.
		The Peace of Utrecht recognized Philip as king of Spain but dismembered the Spanish inheritance to balance power among France, Spain, Austria, and Great Britain.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761572792__1/Louis_XIV.html (3444 words)

	Burgundy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		From 1598 to 1635 peace was maintained, but French fear of Habsburg encirclement led Louis XIII to attempt to annex the county.
		He invaded and ravaged the area annually from 1636 to 1639, but the Peace of Westphalia (1648) confirmed the Habsburg control.
		Conquered in 1668 by the Great Condé in the War of Devolution but returned to Spain by the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle (May 2, 1668), the Franche-Comté was finally conquered for France by Condé in the last of the so-called Dutch Wars, the French annexation being recognized by the Peace of Nijmegen in 1678.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/Burgundy/Burgundy.html (1833 words)

	Nijmegen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		On February 23rd 1981, the Nijmegen Police Department, together with the Dutch Army stormed a squatted housing block, the Piersonstraat and Zeigelhof in Downtown Nijmegen.
		In the weeks prior to these events the squatters managed to get more popular support than the mayor, and when the local government reacted with this extreme amount of violence against its own population, they lost all support among the population.
		The gothic rock band Clan Of Xymox was founded in Nijmegen in 1983.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/N/Nijmegen.htm (1238 words)

	Prussia in the later 17th Century
		He also allied with France, by whose intercession in the peace negotiations of 1648, Brandenburg was given East Pomerania (the less valuable part of the province).
		It was Frederick William's turn to be deserted by his allies: - The United Provinces signed a separate peace at Nijmegen (August 1678) and Emperor Leopold did the same in February 1679.
		Overwhelmed, Frederick William was forced to sign the Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (June 1679) and restore West Pomerania to Sweden, receiving a cash payoff as a consolation.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/351-151.htm (1957 words)

	Treaties of Nijmegen -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Nijmegen also spelled Nimwegen, peace treaties of 1678–79 that ended the Dutch War (q.v.
		Two further treaties in 1679 terminated hostilities between France and Brandenburg (Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye) and between France and Denmark (Peace of Fontainebleau).
		peace treaties of 1678–79 that ended the Dutch War (q.v.), in which France had opposed Spain and the Dutch Republic (now The Netherlands).
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9001730?tocId=9001730 (1011 words)

	The ‘Long Seventeenth Century’, 1598-1715
		Union of crowns of England and Scotland under James I. Peace between England and Spain.
		Peace settlement with Spain at Monzon, leaving Valtelline under Spanish control.
		Peace of Karlowitz ends war between Austria and the Turks.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~mercerb/17th.html (966 words)

	Biography of the Sun King (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The latter treaty was sealed by Louis XIV's marriage (1660) to Marie Therese (1638-83), the daughter of Philip IV of Spain.
		By the Peace of Nijmegen (1678-79) he gained more territory in Flanders, and the formerly Spanish Franche-Comte was added to France's eastern frontier, now fortified by the great siege expert, Sebastien Le Prestre de Vauban.
		By the Peace of Utrecht France retained most of its earlier conquests, and the Spanish empire was divided between Philip V, who received Spain and its overseas colonies, and Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI, who acquired the Spanish Netherlands and Spain's Italian possessions.
	www.louis-xiv.de /louisold/Biographie/Bio.html (1422 words)

	untitled
		In 1677 he was married, and the Peace of Nijmegen followed in 1678.
		The Peace of Ryswick, between France and the Allies William recognised as King in England, and the Protestant succession alter him accepted by France.
		It was the first peace for fifty years by which France had not been aggrandized, and was so far a triumph for the Allies.
	www.angelfire.com /ok3/chester/maindir/wilmary.htm (2235 words)

	Sweden
		Charles, angered by the military failure, and supported by the burghers and peasants, instituted reforms that strengthened the armed forces and considerably reduced the power of the former regents and nobles.
		He was succeeded on the throne by his sister Ulrika Eleonora, who began the process of negotiating peace to end the war that had cost Sweden its rank as a great power in the Baltic region.
		He founded the modern Swedish royal house of Bernadotte, and he was succeeded by his son Oscar I. Charles XV (1826-72), king of Sweden and Norway (1859-72), the son of King Oscar I, born in Stockholm.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/sweden.htm (4127 words)

	WHKMLA : History of France, Foreign Policy 1661-1715
		The war, which had broken Dutch economic supremacy, was terminated in the PEACE OF NIJMEGEN 1678/79; the loser, again, was Spain which had to cede the FRANCHE COMTE and parts of HAINAUT.
		In the PEACE OF UTRECHT 1713, France gained the tiny principality of ORANGE (near Avignon) and BARCELONETTE, on the border to Piemont.
		In the Peace of Rijswijk, Spain also recognized France's hold of the colony of SAINT DOMINGUE (Haiti), a valuable asset as it was to turn into the world's major producer of sugar.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/france/france16611715for.html (945 words)

	Friends Service Council - History of Organization
		From early days Quakers have been concerned not only to uphold by personal witness a peace testimony, but also to undertake what projects they could to promote international peace and understanding.
		Thus, in 1678, Robert Barclay, one of the early Scottish Quaker leaders, wrote an address, «wherein the true cause of the present war is discovered, and the right remedy and means for a firm and settled peace is proposed», to the ambassadors negotiating the Peace of Nijmegen.
		They have stressed, too, that their service springs directly from the personal concerns and insights of individuals, tested by the corporate guidance and judgment of the group, and that they are drawn to this work as an expression of their peace witness.
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1947/friends-council-history.html (805 words)

	1909 De eerste Vierdaagse Afstandsmarsen worden gehouden
		In 1923 and 1924, Nijmegen and Breda are the respective start- and finish towns and the Four Days March is open for non-military detachments for the first time.
		While the preparations for the Four Days Marches of 1940, which would have been held from July 23 to 26, are in full swing, the Germans invade the Netherlands on May 10, 1940 and on June 16 of that year the decision is taken to cancel the marches.
		Civilian hikers would have to be housed with the population of Nijmegen, the military in schools and public buildings, and the city council is asked for a substantial financial contribution.
	www.noviomagus.nl /Vierdaagse/Fourdays.htm (3094 words)

	SGI News March 27, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		SGI-Bolivia Vice Young Men's Division Chief Marcelo Oroza Montellano spoke on "Contributions of Buddhism and the Concept of Human Revolution from the Vantage Point of the SGI Peace Proposal." Professor Martinez stated that it is not politicians who will change society, but empowered, ordinary citizens.
		He said the SGI's philosophy that places foremost priority on mutual respect is a key for unlocking the door to a world of peace.
		Wecke expressed his expectations for youth to harness their potential to spur a positive revolution and lead humanity toward a brighter future.
	www.sgi.org /english/News/nb/0503/nb050327.htm (971 words)

	Ethnopolitical Map of Europe
		Unfinished Peace, Report of the International Commission on the Balkans.
		Building peace in South East Europe: Macroeconomic policies and structural reforms since the Kosovo conflict.
		Kosovo: economic and social reforms for peace and reconciliation.
	www.ecmi.de /emap/kosovo_biblio.html (3023 words)

	Amazon.com: Nijmegen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Map of Nijmegen, from "Civitates Orbis Terrarum" by Georg Braun and Frans Hogenburg, circa 1572 Art Giclee Poster Print by Joris Hoefnagel, 40x30 by AllPosters.com
		FPLE '95 Nijmegen, The Netherlands, December 1995 Proceedings...
		Map of Nijmegen, from "Civitates Orbis Terrarum" by Georg Braun and Frans Hogenburg, circa 1572 Art Giclee Poster Print by Joris Hoefnagel, 56x42 by AllPosters.com
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Nijmegen&index=blended&page=1 (640 words)

	Hotels in Nijmegen - BOOKINGS online hotel reservations
		The, three star, Apollo Hotel is located in the centre of Nijmegen, at the Keizer Karel Square.
		The Bastion Hotel Nijmegen is ideal for guests who prefer a personal atmosphere, hospitality, comfort, good facilities and competitive rates.
		Hotel Mercure Nijmegen Centre welcomes you to the oldest city in the Netherlands - Novio Magus - as it was known in the time of the Romans.… More
	www.bookings.nl /searchresults.html?sid=d34cbcd8c458ea6b06463417ed38e248;city=-2150237;radius=5 (392 words)

	World Homes Network - Holland
		Success against Spain was followed by a struggle for power within the Dutch Republic, between the princes of the house of Orange-Nassau and their rivals in the towns, a struggle in which Prince Maurice triumphed.
		Following the peace of Westphalia (1648) a struggle followed between the Orangist or popular party, which favoured centralization under the Prince of Orange as chief magistrate (or stadholder), and the republican, oligarchical or states' rights party, headed by Johann de Witt, grand pensionary (chief legal and executive officer) of Holland.
		The Dutch, allied with William III of England, were again in conflict with Louis in the War of the League of Augsburg (1688-97).
	www.world-homes.net /atlas/europe/western/Netherlands/netherlands.htm (3508 words)

	Tables of History : A.D. 1600 - 1699
		War between Denmark and Sweden starts with Sweden attacking Denmark, provoked by the far-from-impartial mediation activities of Denmark's King Christian IV in connection with the final phases of the Thirty Years' War.
		England and the Netherlands, who were at war, make peace immediately, forming a triple alliance with Sweden.
		Peace is made between France and the Netherlands
	www.scholiast.org /history/timetables/1600s.html (949 words)

	Arab Film Festival Rotterdam
		Het Arab Filmfestival Rotterdam is erg gelukkig met het initiatief tot drie Arabische Filmdagen in Nijmegen.
		Deze dagen zijn georganiseerd met verschillende groepen/verenigingen in deze van oudsher beroemde en kritische universiteitsstad.
		Het Arab Film Festival Rotterdam nodigt journalisten en andere mediaverslaggevers uit om van het festival verslag te doen.
	www.arabfilmfestival.nl /nl (594 words)

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