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	Peace of Riga - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Peace of Riga (also known as the Treaty of Riga, Polish: Traktat Ryski) signed in Riga on 18 March 1921, between Poland on one side, and Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine on the other, ended the Polish-Bolshevik War.
		The peace talks were started on August 17, 1920, in Minsk, but after an incident directed against the Polish negotiators, the talks were moved to Riga, and resumed on September 21.
		The exhausted Poles, pressured by the League of Nations, decided to sign the Peace of Riga on March 18, 1921, splitting the disputed territories in Belarus and Ukraine, between Poland and Russia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peace_of_Riga (892 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Riga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Riga in Latvia } Riga (Latvian: RÄ«ga), the capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the River Daugava, at {{coor dm5658N248E}}.
		Riga is the largest city in the Baltic states and serves as a major cultural, educational, political, financial, commercial and industrial center in the Baltics.
		The modern founding of Riga is regarded by historians to begin with German traders, mercenaries and religious crusaders who arrived in Latvia in the second half of the 12th century, attracted by a sparsely populated region, potential new markets and by the missionary opportunities to convert the local population to Christianity.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Riga (2061 words)

	Riga Definition / Riga Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Riga (in Latvian language orthography Rīga), the capital of LatviaThe Republic of Latvia (Latvian: Latvijas Republika), or Latvia (Latvian: Latvija), is a country in Northern Europe.
		Riga is the capital of the Republic of Latvia and the geographical centre of the Baltic States.
		Riga is the capital of the Republic of Latvia.
	www.elresearch.com /Riga (147 words)

	THE POLISH-RUSSIAN CONTROVERSY, Part I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Injustice caused by the Treaty of Riga in 1921, that was forced on the Soviet Union.
		The Treaty of Riga moved the frontier between Poland and the Soviet Union westward, even farther than the line proposed by the Polish delegation to the Peace Conference in Paris.
		The Treaty of Riga fixed not only the frontiers between Poland and the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic, but also the frontier with the Ukrainian Soviet Republic, a delegation from which took a direct part in the peace negotiations, and the white Ruthenian Republic, represented by the Soviet Russian Delegation.
	www.republika.pl /unpack/1/dok07a.html (1476 words)

	PLAN OF INVESTIGATION
		The Treaty of Riga and Belarus Partition of 1921
		These are cities incorporated by Poland on the basis of The Treaty of Riga, on the basis of border proposed by incorporative plan introduced by S. Grabski – one of the Polish representatives in Riga.
		Russia and Poland under a pretence of Peace Conference in negotiated division of Belarusian Democratic Republic to almost equal parts thereby negating the existence of Belarusian nation, proclamation of BDR by The National Convention, refusing its independency.
	www.belarusguide.com /history1/Riga_treaty.html (1956 words)

	Niagara Falls Reporter
		Debbie Riga, 45, a second-generation Cypriot who witnessed firsthand the Turkish invasion of Greece in the summer of 1974, said she founded Astorians for Peace because she knows local organizing works.
		With Astorians for Peace, Riga hopes to do voter registration in Astoria's mostly African American housing projects, to transport the elderly to polling places on Election Day, and to put pressure on local representatives, including Astoria's City Council rep Peter Vallone (son of the failed gubernatorial candidate), to pass a statement against Patriot II.
		Peace Williamsburg has held fundraisers to help keep their local fire station open -- one of dozens threatened by city budget cuts.
	www.niagarafallsreporter.com /sheadean2.html (1198 words)

	Riga apartments, Riga accommodation, Riga apartments, Riga accommodation, Riga apartments, Riga accommodation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Riga apartments, Riga accommodation, Riga apartments, Riga accommodation, Riga apartments, Riga accommodation
		Riga hotels, Riga apartments, Riga accommodation in Riga - rent a room in hotels, accommodation, apartments by owner in Riga, Latvia.
		Peace and quiet staying in the center of Riga
	www.riga.worldaccomodation.com (136 words)

	Latvia / The Story of Latvia / The First World War, Struggle for Independence
		On July 30th 1917 a political conference was held in Riga, where representatives of these regional councils, including the deputies of Riflemen, workers, and landless peasants took part.
		On April 12th, 1918, the Landrats of Estonia, Livonia, and Saaremaa (Oesel) gathered in Riga and decided to ask the Kaiser to recognise the Baltic as a constitutional monarchy which would be in Personal Union with Germany.
		Riga was free and the German-Russian bands retreated in confusion.
	www.latvians.com /en/Reading/TheStoryOfLatvia/SoLatvia-05-chap.php (5343 words)

	The Peoples of East Central Europe
		What all of them needed for continuing their peaceful activities was a more favorable international situation which their foreign policy tried in vain to improve, frequently in joint efforts which are therefore best examined from a general point of view.
		On December 28, 1920, during the peace negotiations with Poland in Riga, a treaty of alliance was signed between the Ukrainian and the Russian Soviet republics.
		After the Peace of Riga the idea of a real federal union of all Soviet republics, already prepared on June 1, 1919, by the establishment of a preparatory commission, made rapid progress under Russian pressure and in connection with the almost complete exhaustion of the Ukraine by war, revolution, drought, and typhus.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /wooton/34/halecki/21.htm (13413 words)

	Learn more about 1921 in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		March 18 - The second Peace of Riga between Poland and Soviet Union ending Polish-Soviet war.
		July 27 - Researchers at the University of Toronto led by biochemist Frederick Banting announce the discovery of the hormone insulin.
		Peace - Karl Hjalmar Branting Christian Lous Lange
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /1/19/1921.html (686 words)

	The Polish Gentry Do Not Want Peace -The War on Poland: The Military Writings and Speeches of Leon Trotsky: Volume 3
		While sending a peace delegation to Riga, Pilsudski at the same time declared to Polish journalists that it is not possible to make peace with Soviet Russia, that it is necessary to destroy Soviet Russia’s fighting force, that is, the Red Army.
		This is why Pilsudski has blundered into a dead-end—promising peace, so as to appease the workers and the worn-out soldiers, and at the same time comforting the petty-bourgeois chauvinists with extremely stupid hopes for a defeat of workers’ and peasants’ Russia.
		The Polish gentry do not want to make peace with us, and so they are once more putting forward their earlier demand, namely that, with Petlyura as go-between, we make a present of the workers’ and peasants’ Ukraine to the Polish gentry.
	www.marxists.org /archive/trotsky/works/1920-mil/ch54.htm (911 words)

	[No title]
		However, once the Bolsheviks had concluded peace with the Central Powers in early March 1918, the primary Allied aim was to restore the Eastern Front in Russia in order to relieve the German pressure on the Western Front.
		Peace talks began in Riga (Latvia), and led to a preliminary peace on October 12, 1920.
		The final peace treaty was signed on March 18, 1921, and is known as the "Peace of Riga." It established the Polish-Soviet frontier, which.
	www.ku.edu /~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch2.html (21015 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Programmes \| Crossing Continents \| Have your say: Europe's tourist boom
		I was recently in Riga and was appalled by the behaviour of the herds of shaven-headed, badly-dressed, ignorant, not-so-young English yobs rudely abusing locals on so-called stag weekends.
		Riga is supposed to be a wonderful city with beautiful buildings and cultural things.
		Riga is heading in the same direction as Prague, Budapest and Krakow, and as the Spanish and Greek islands have been for years: full of drunken Brits who can't behave themselves.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/programmes/crossing_continents/4635417.stm (2095 words)

	The Scotsman - S2 - No signs of Riga mortis
		Of course there were questions about their sleeping arrangements in Riga, but it was our own Lorraine Kelly (who will be reading out the UK votes during the show) who perhaps summed the ladies up best: "Pretending to be lesbians.
		We’ve got the world is currently No 1 in the Emerald Isle and two planes have been chartered to bring 400 enthusiastic supporters over for what promises to be a long weekend of celebrations should he deliver national television station RTE its eighth win - and the nightmare of holding the contest next year.
		There is a sense of pride as Riga prepares for the event which promises spectacle (the stage is awesome), drama (tATu), high camp (take your pick), and some jolly nice pop tunes to boot.
	thescotsman.scotsman.com /s2.cfm?id=578692003 (891 words)

	Polish History - Part 10
		The outbreak of the October Revolution in Russia in 1917 and the conclusion of the separatist peace treaty between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers in Brest (March 3, 1918) enabled the Western Powers to support the Polish cause.
		The Peace of Riga concluded on March 18, 1921, establishing Poland's eastern border on the Zbrucz River, providing for payment of reparations to Poland and stipulating the return of the cultural treasures looted by Russia during the time of the partitions.
		The Peace Treaty of Riga ensured political stability in Central-Eastern Europe, as well as the independence of the Baltic states.
	www.poloniatoday.com /history10.htm (1167 words)

	Polish-Soviet War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A formal peace treaty, the Peace of Riga, was signed on March 18, 1921/, dividing the disputed territory between Poland and Soviet Russia.
		The Bolsheviks sued for peace and the Poles, exhausted and constantly pressured by the Western governemnts, with Polish army now controling the majority of the disputed terrotories, agreed to once again negotiate.
		It worsened relations between Poland and her Ukrainian minority, who felt Ukraine had been betrayed by her Polish ally, a feeling that would be exploited by Soviet propaganda and result in Massacres of Poles in Volhyniathe growing tensions and eventual violence in the 1930s and 1940s/.
	www.infothis.com /find/Polish-Soviet_War (5987 words)

	Latvia (05/05)
		The sagging military campaign generally increased Latvian and LSDU support for the Bolsheviks' successful October Revolution in 1917, in the hopes of a "free Latvia within free Russia." These circumstances led to the formation of the Soviet "Iskolat Republic" in the unoccupied section of Latvia.
		Though born in Riga in 1937, she settled in Canada during the years of the Soviet occupation, becoming a well-respected academic in the subject of Latvian culture and psychology.
		The U.S. Legation in Riga officially was established November 13, 1922, and served as the headquarters for U.S. representation in the Baltics during the interwar era.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5378.htm (4596 words)

	All About Latvia: Bush Visit to Latvia: Part Two (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The access to downtown Riga is only for those with special permits.
		Regardless of its message, I do think this is a clever ad: “Peace Duke” is what the posters said welcoming GW Bush to Riga.
		Everyone that wrote to me from Riga about the ‘peace duke’ posters mentioned the russian connection so I assume it was intended.
	www.allaboutlatvia.com /article/184/bush-visit-to-latvia-part-two (574 words)

	SOVIET-POLISH WAR OF 1919/1920 - Part III
		The same feelings that Poland was near her imminent collapse prevailed also in the West to the extent that most Western leaders used all available means of political pressure to force Poland into signing the peace with the Soviets at any cost to Poland.
		The armistice was signed in October 1920, and the peace treaty (Treaty of Riga) on March 21, 1921.
		In retrospect, the failure to establish an independent Ukrainian state in 1920, which is clearly attributed to malevolence of Pilsudski's political opponents (Dmowski et consortes) leading the team of Poland's peace negotiators at Riga, brought far reaching consequences upon Europe and the world.
	www.electronicmuseum.ca /Soviet-Polish-War/spw_3.html (1661 words)

	Soviet Policy in Eastern Europe
		The first time it had to state to Poland in the Riga peace treaty of March 18, 1921, that the question of the ownership of the areas contested between Poland and Lithuania was exclusively the concern of Poland and Lithuania.
		With the signing of the Polish-Soviet protocol the policy instituted by Litvinov after his return from Washington and Rome of a further peace guarantee in regard to the Baltic States comes, insofar as it can be determined thus far, to a certain conclusion.
		As is known, it aimed in the first place at guaranteeing together with Poland the independence of the Baltic States by means of a declaration.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/ww2/sovietpolicy.html (651 words)

	Polish-Soviet War - Psychology Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sporadic battles erupted between Polish forces and the Red Army, but the latter was preoccupied with the Russian Civil War and White Russian conterrevolutionary forces and were slowly but steadily retreating on the entire western frontline, from Latvia in the north to Ukraine in the south.
		The Bolsheviks sued for peace and the Poles, exhausted and constantly pressured by the Western governments, with the Polish army now controlling the majority of the disputed territories, agreed to once again negotiate.
		It worsened relations between Poland and her Ukrainian minority, who felt that Ukraine had been betrayed by her Polish ally — a feeling that would be exploited in Soviet propaganda and result in growing tensions and eventual violence in the 1930s and 1940s.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Polish-Soviet_War (6488 words)

	General Josef Pilsudski
		In the south, the Polish National Army reached Kiev, occupying it in May 1920 and proclaiming the union of Poland and Ukraine as a commonwealth.
		Pilsudski planned to unify Belorussia and Lithuania to Poland as well, and proposed to the bolsheviks a peace treaty based on the Polish borders of 1772.
		Realising that Poland was utterly exhausted, Pilsudski happily signed an armistice, and the line became the eastern frontier of Poland according to the Peace Treaty of Riga, signed a few months later in January 1921.
	www.geocities.com /veldes1/pilsudski.html (2759 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> 1921 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		October 21 - Peace conference between Irish and United Kingdom begins in London.
		May 21 - Andrei Sakharov, Russian physicist and activist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (declined) (d.
		May 5 - Alfred Hermann Fried, Austrian writer and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/1921 (2105 words)

	Pacem in Terris (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Henriot, Peter J. "Building the Structures for a Future of Peace on Earth." Journal of Peace and Justice Studies 1 (1988) 99-109.
		Principles of Peace: A Commentary on John XXIII's Pacem in Terris.
		Riga, Peter J. Peace on Earth: A Commentary on Pope John's Encyclical.
	www.shc.edu /theolibrary/resources/bibliog_pacem.htm (2470 words)

	Ariga: Online for pleasure and peace since 1995
		Defense Minister Shaul Mofaz gives an interview to The Jerusalem Post, proud of the fact that there is no direct communication with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas and warning that the Hamas government politicians will be regarded as personally responsible for terrorism against Israelis.
		Abbas meanwhile gives an interview to Haaretz (and to the Maariv web site, nrg.co.il) basically pleading with the Israelis to engage him in peace talks, proving to the Palestinians that Israel is serious about making peace.
		Acting Prime Minister Ehud Olmert took a gamble last night, announcing on the increasingly popular London and Kirschenbaum program on Channel Ten that he would only allow parties that support his ‘convergence' plan for withdrawal from much of the West Bank into the coalition he plans to form after the elections.>>>> To the full text
	www.ariga.com (962 words)

	Russhistory
		1661 Peace of Cardis with Sweden.
		1743 Peace of Abo: Sweden cedes Viborg.
		1921 ; Peace of Riga; cession of White Russian lands to Poland.
	www.homestead.com /SPBMOS/Russhistory.html (6317 words)

	MINELREL-L Archive (05141999-11:00:11-18266) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		From: MINELRES moderator Original sender: Fernand de Varennes Peace Agreements Dear Colleagues, This is a somewhat unusual agreement for the discussion list, but one which does deal with ethnic issues in Eastern and Central Europe which someone may be able to assist me with.
		I am looking for the text of the 1996 Peace Memorandum concluded in Georgia with the breakaway Republic of Abkhasia, as well as the one involving Russia and Chechnya.
		I would also appreciate if anyone could bring to my attention other peace accords involving ethnic groups and governments in Europe.
	www.arts.uwaterloo.ca /minelres/archive/05141999-11:00:11-18266.html (118 words)

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