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	Treaty of the Pyrenees - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Treaty of the Pyrenees was a treaty signed in 1659 to end the war between France and Spain that had begun in 1635 during the Thirty Years' War.
		During the negotiations for the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, France gained Alsace and Lorraine and cut off Spanish access to the Netherlands from Austria, leading to open warfare between the French and Spanish.
		After over 10 years of war, an Anglo-French alliance was victorious at the Battle of the Dunes in 1658 and a peace was settled in 1659.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peace_of_the_Pyrenees (546 words)

	Louis XIV - LoveToKnow 1911
		The Fronde was at an end by 1653; the peace of Westphalia (1648) and the peace of the Pyrenees (16J9) marked the success of the arms and of the diplomacy of France.
		But this involved France and Europe in an immense war (1700) and by the peace of Utrecht (1713), though the French prince retained the Spanish crown, France had again to make concessions of territory.
		Peace brought some relief to France, but the last years of the king's life were gloomy in the extreme.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Louis_XIV (1671 words)

	Search Results for "peace" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Peace, river, 945 mi (1,521 km) long, formed by the junction of the Finlay and Parsnip rivers at Williston Lake, N central British Columbia, Canada.
		Peace Corps, agency of the U.S. government, whose purpose is to assist underdeveloped countries in meeting their needs for trained manpower.
		...Pyrenees, Peace of the, 1659, treaty ending the warfare between France and Spain that, continuing after the Peace of Westphalia, had been complicated by French intervention...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?query=peace&db=db&filter=col65&Submit=Go (260 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Pyrenees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Pyrenees, Peace of the PYRENEES, PEACE OF THE [Pyrenees, Peace of the] 1659, treaty ending the warfare between France and Spain that, continuing after the Peace of Westphalia, had been complicated by French intervention in the revolt of the Catalans (1640-52) and by Spanish intervention in the Fronde.
		Pyrenees: they rise as a 400-kilometre wall dividing France from Spain, clothed in forests on their northern flanks and riven with canyons to the south.
		Explorer: The wild frontier; The jagged Pyrenees split two countries, harbour Europe's oldest culture and are home to some stunning walks.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/10663.html (671 words)

	Pyrenees, Peace of the - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		PYRENEES, PEACE OF THE [Pyrenees, Peace of the] 1659, treaty ending the warfare between France and Spain that, continuing after the Peace of Westphalia, had been complicated by French intervention in the revolt of the Catalans (1640-52) and by Spanish intervention in the Fronde.
		Together with the Peace of Westphalia, it marked the rise of France as the dominant European power.
		From the Moselle to the Pyrenees: commemoration, cultural memory and the 'debatable lands'.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/p/pyrenp1c.asp (357 words)

	Cote Basque - history in the region (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Island of Pheasants (Spanish), in the river Bidassoa, is also called the Island of the Conference (France), which was the place of signing the Treaty of the Pyrenees marking the end of the confrontations between the two nations.
		The Peace of the Pyrenees was concluded between France and Spain by Cardinal Mazarin and De Haro, on the Ile des Faisans, on the borders of the two countries, on the 7th of November 1659, terminating a war which had lasted twenty-four years.
		Peace was made in 1795 on the basis of the status quo ante, the French regime not pressing its terms, because of its interest in detaching Spain from the British antirevolutionary alliance.
	members.aol.com /opfholiday/cote-basque-history.htm (2425 words)

	Peace of the Pyrenees - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Pyrenees, Peace of the, peace treaty between France and Spain, November 7, 1659, that ended 24 years of warfare; it was signed on a neutral island...
		Treaty : wars and conflicts throughout history: Pyrenees, Peace of the – Mazarin, Jules
		Treaty : wars and conflicts throughout history: Pyrenees, Peace of the – Philip IV (of Spain, Naples, and Sicily)
	encarta.msn.com /Peace_of_the_Pyrenees.html (144 words)

	§9. "Letters on the Study and Use of History". VIII. Historical and Political Writers. Vol. 9. From Steele and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In the ten or eleven years in which, from his fine and costly estate at Dawley—“Dawley Farm” he, characteristically, preferred to call it—Bolingbroke was influencing the political life of England, his thoughts were also occupied with ambitious literary projects.
		One of these was a history of his own times, which was to have extended from the peace of the Pyrenees to that of Utrecht, but of which only fragments survive.
		The pessimistic conclusion of the Letter is more in the author’s usual vein, lamenting the condition of the state, composed of “a king without monarchical splendour, a senate of nobles without aristocratic independency, and a senate of commons without democratic freedom,” and a general decay of society to match.
	www.bonus.com /contour/bartlettqu/http@@/www.bartleby.com/219/0809.html (1112 words)

	[No title]
		The French families pride themselves with good reason when, in their ancestry, they count a "Crusader." Reconquering the country of Christ from the barbarians, there is that which is noble.
		This regiment distinguished itself by a large number of battles and, after the peace of the Pyrénées, in 1659, the prince of Carignan made a gift of it to the great king Louis XIV; and this regiment has ever since been assigned to the regular army.
		In the month of May 1665, in the goal of assuring the peace and the tranquillity in the colony which always was exposed to perish, exterminated by the Iroquois, the king decided to send them a good corps of troops; twelve hundred soldiers of the regiment of Carignan would embark from La Rochelle for Canada.
	www.geocities.com /Heartland/Meadows/6257/carignan.htm (696 words)

	The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The compromise produced a peace between the Protestant and Roman Catholic states of the empire that lasted for the next 50 years.
		Peace settlements began in 1643 with the ambassadors of the combatants meeting in peace congresses in Westphalia.
		October 1648 marked peace between France, Sweden, the Holy Roman emperor, and the German princes (Peace of Westphalia).
	www.femling.com /gen/thirty.htm (978 words)

	Languedoc-Roussillon, France
		The region of Languedoc-Roussillon extends along the Mediterranean coast of France between the mouth of the Rhône and the Pyrenees for a distance of some 200km/125mi, bounded on the north and west by the river Aude, on the east by the Golfe du Lion and on the south by the Pyrenees.
		The former county of Roussillon lies at the eastern end of the Pyrenees, between the Pyrenees and the Monts Corbières, and bears the imprint of Catalan culture.
		The Peace of the Pyrenees (1659), however, did not satisfy the aspiration for a unified Catalonia, since the main ridge of the Pyrenees was declared to be the frontier between France and Spain.
	www.planetware.com /france/languedoc-roussillon-f-lr-lr.htm (708 words)

	Spain in Decline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In 1648, at the Peace of Westphalia, Spain assented to the emperor's accommodation with the German Protestants, and in 1654 it recognized the independence of the northern Netherlands.
		The Peace of the Pyrenees (1659) ended fifty years of warfare with France, whose king, Louis XIV, found the temptation to exploit weakened Spain too great.
		As part of the peace settlement, the Spanish infanta Maria Teresa, had become the wife of Louis XIV.
	countrystudies.us /spain/9.htm (243 words)

	TABLE OF CONTENTS
		Peace and war, finance, and appointments to all important posts, were expressly reserved for the Council.
		The lovers of peace and order gradually rallied to the Government; the nation possessed no alternative organisation; individual leaders, one by one, lost credit or were reconciled ; and at the last Condé was left, almost alone, to fight with foreign aid against his country and his King.
		peace was restored in the north-east of Europe by the Treaties of Oliva (May 3, 1660) and Copenhagen (June 6, 1660) under the influence of France.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh421.html (14074 words)

	Catalonia, a millenary country (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		After the disappearance of the Roman Empire, the struggles between the Saracens and Francs gave birth to its self-consciousness as a nation which later, around the year one thousand, was asserted when the Counts of Catalonia refused to pay their contribution to the Francs and the Muslims.
		The Catalan nation was formed under the shelter of the Pyrenees which have been never considered as a barrier, on the contrary they were to be the launching point for the Reconquest of the territory occupied by the Muslims.
		Alberes, and the Empordà, at the south, as its own, and it was not until the so-called Peace of the Pyrenees was declared in 1659 that the catalan territories in the Pyrenees were divided, part to fall under the authority of the French crown and part to be ruled by Spain.
	fiec.nexica.net /FECAT.html (419 words)

	30 Years War - aftermath
		Even when peace negotiations finally commenced in 1645, disputes between the Swedes and the French, plus the Swedes' refusal to meet the papal envoy meant that the conference had to be held in two separate locations in Westphalia (Osnabr
		The Peace of Westphalia granted Calvinists in the Empire a degree of toleration for the first time.
		After the Peace of Westphalia, French subsidies to Sweden ceased, and Sweden found that its interests increasingly lay in friendship with the Austrian Hapsburgs.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/351-05.htm (1514 words)

	Frederick Schomberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He then rejoined the French army as a general officer (maréchal de camp), served under Turenne in the campaigns against Condé, and became a lieutenant-general in 1665, receiving this rapid promotion perhaps partly owing to his relationship with Charles de Schomberg, duc d'Halluin.
		After the peace of the Pyrenees (1659), the independence of Portugal was threatened by Spain, and Schomberg was sent as military adviser to Lisbon with the secret approval of Charles II of England (who created him Baron Tetford).
		Louis XIV of France, in order not to infringe the treaty just made with Spain, deprived Schomberg of his French officers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Frederick_Schomberg,_1st_Duke_of_Schomberg (934 words)

	CMH5
		By the Treaty of the Pyrenees, France had strengthened herself on her north-eastern frontier by the acquisition of Avesnes, on the side of the Pyrenees by finally securing Roussillon, between Sambre and Meuse by the cession of Philippeville and Marienbourg, and in Lorraine by that of Bar, Clermont, Stenay, Dun, and Jarmetz.
		Unfortunately for the peace of the whole continent, the aggressions of Louis XIV in the west, which definitely began in 1672, coincided with the attempts of the Turks to dominate eastern Europe.
		A peace conference which met in June, 1673, at Cologne having proved a failure, the Emperor formed a second Coalition, which was joined in the autumn of 1673 by Spain and the Duke of Lorraine, and in 1674 by Denmark, the Elector Palatine, the Brunswick-Lüneburg Dukes, and on July 1 by the Great Elector.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh502.html (13951 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Spain, 1659-1700
		It was concluded in the PEACE OF THE PYRENEES in 1659; Spain had to cede ROUSSILLON to France, The country also had to take losses in the Caribbean; JAMAICA was taken by the English in 1655.
		In the SPANISH NETHERLANDS, Spain was unable to stem French aggression; in the War of Devolution 1667-1668, Spain was able to hold on to her territory because of Anglo-Dutch support; Anglo-Dutch forces again defended the Spanish Netherlands in the War of the Grand Alliance 1689-1697.
		The Peace of the Pyrenees, for proud Castilians reminiscent of not too past glory, was a humiliation.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/spain/spain16591700.html (466 words)

	Command of Louis XIV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In the final stage of the war he was defeated (1658) in the Battle of the Dunes.
		After the Peace of the Pyrenees (1659) between France and Spain, he was pardoned and returned to court.
		In the war of the Fronde of the Princes he was persuaded by Mme de Longueville, Condé's sister, to take the part of the rebels led by Condé and was defeated (1650) by government forces at Rethel.
	www.louis-xiv.de /louisold/Wars/Command.html (781 words)

	The Kings of Spain and the Spanish Colonial Era in America Philip II, Philip III, Philip IV. Philip V, Charles II, ...
		Peace had been made with France by the Treaty of Vervins (1598) shortly before Philip III's accession.
		Peace with England followed in 1604, and in 1609 a 12-year truce was made with the United Provinces of the Netherlands.
		The peace treaties (see Utrecht, Peace of) left Spain its colonial empire, but forced it to cede the Spanish Netherlands, Sardinia, Milan, and Naples to Austria and Sicily to Savoy.
	www.realtreasures.com /spanish_kings.htm (2020 words)

	AllRefer.com - Philip IV, king of Spain, Naples, and Sicily (Spanish And Portuguese History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Spanish involvement in the Thirty Years War increased as war was resumed (1621) in the Netherlands and fighting started (1622) with France over the Valtellina question.
		The war with France continued after the Peace of Westphalia (1648), became complicated by Spanish intervention in the French Fronde, and ended (1659) with the humiliation of Spain (see Pyrenees, Peace of the).
		Spain had to recognize the independence of the United Provinces of the Netherlands at the Peace of Westphalia and lost Roussillon and part of the Spanish Netherlands to France at the Peace of the Pyrenees.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Philip4-Sp.html (406 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		All those who during the minority and during the wars carried arms against His Majesty, excited troubles in his state, wished to remove his crown, assisted in the councils of factious individuals...
		they are all in peace, enjoying their wealth, their offices, their governorships...
		His word must have some authority, since it was given to a subject in time of peace, without being forced to give it...
	www.le.ac.uk /hi/bon/resources/Govtsoc/doc406.html (309 words)

	98.11.30 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Pyrenees are a mountain chain between France and Spain.
		Perpignan, Bayonne, and Orthez in France and Gerona, Huesca, and Pamplona in Spain are important cities in the chain.
		The Pyrenees were the location of one of the earliest human settlements in Europe, as is evidenced by the prehistoric Paleolithic cave paintings at Altamira and Aurignac.
	www.netrax.net /~rarebook/s981130.htm (260 words)

	France 1638-1788
		Peace of the Pyrenees; Spain cedes Artois and Roussillon
		Peace of the Church temporarily resolves Jansenist quarrels
		Peace of Ryswick: Spain cedes Saint-Domingue to France.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~mercerb/FranceCh17thC.html (338 words)

	Fronde - The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition - HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Meanwhile, the Peace of Westphalia (Oct., 1648), which ended the Thirty Years War, freed the royal army to take action against the Fronde.
		A compromise peace was arranged between the parlement and the regent at Rueil in Mar., 1649.
		The princes soon made peace with the government, except for Condé, who commanded the Spanish forces against France until the Peace of the Pyrenees (1659; see Pyrenees, Peace of the).
	www.highbeam.com /doc/1E1:Fronde/Fronde.html?refid=ip_hf (537 words)

	[No title]
		Peace of Prague is concluded between the emperor Ferdinand II, the "Liga" and Saxony
		Peace Treaties between France and Sweden are officially signed on October 24th
		The Peace of the Pyrenees ends the conflict between France and Spain
	www.muenster.de /friede/gb/05_zeitmaschine/05_set.htm (346 words)

	[No title]
		However, the war with France continued until 1659, when the PEACE OF THE PYRENEES was signed.
		Many of the battles of the wat were fought in Belgium, British general LORD MARLBOROUGH being the victor.
		In the PEACE OF UTRECHT 1713 Spain ceded the Spanish Netherlands to Austria.
	www.museumaruba.org /docs/Spanish_Netherlands.doc (622 words)

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