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Topic: Peacekeeper missiles

	Intercontinental ballistic missile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Strategic missile systems are thought to use custom integrated circuits designed to calculate navigational differential equations thousands to millions of times per second in order to reduce navigational errors caused by calculation alone.
		The Missile Badge is presented to commissioned officers while the Space and Missile Pin is awarded to silo ground and support personnel.
		LG-118A Peacekeeper / MX (LG-118A, MX) - silo-based; 29 missiles were on alert at the beginning of 2004; all are to be removed from service by 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/ICBM (1880 words)

	LG-118A Peacekeeper - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Peacekeeper was a MIRVed missile: each rocket could carry up to 10 re-entry vehicles, each with a nuclear warhead with the explosive power of up to 300 kilotons (twenty-five times the power of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima during World War II).
		The operational missile was manufactured from February 1984 and first deployed in December 1986 to the 90th Strategic Missile Wing at F.E. Warren AFB in Wyoming to retro-fitted Minuteman silos.
		The missiles were gradually retired, with 17 withdrawn during 2003, leaving 29 missiles on alert at the beginning of 2004.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/LG-118A_Peacekeeper (738 words)

	SAC's Missile Command during the Cold War
		Missiles have further to go because they rise high into space and then re-enter the atmosphere, but their incredible speed meant that weapons could be delivered halfway around the world in 15 to 30 minutes rather than hours needed with planes.
		If a crisis caused the President to order the missiles to be prepared for launch, they would be raised to a vertical position, fuel would be put into the missile and it would be fired.
		All of these missiles were housed vertically in underground silos that were hardened to withstand anything but a direct nuclear explosion.
	www.nebraskastudies.org /0900/stories/0901_0125.html (779 words)

	Minuteman Missile - Strategic Air Command - Nuclear Warhead
		The Minuteman missile is maintained on alert in an unmanned, hardened underground launch facility (LF) approximately 80 feet deep, 12 feet in diameter, and covered by a 100-ton blast door which is blown off prior to missile launch.
		By July 1963 150 Minuteman missiles were on operational alert; that number increased to 300in October 1963, 450 by March 1964, and in June 1965 the 800th Minuteman I missile was turned over to its SAC crew at F.E. Warren AFB, Wyoming.
		Continuing its missile modernization effort, throughout the late 1960s the Air Force replaced many of its Minuteman Is with Minuteman Hs, and by May 1969 it had 500 Minuteman Is and an equal number of Minuteman IIs on operational alert.
	www.strategic-air-command.com /missiles/Minuteman/Minuteman_Missile_History.htm (4843 words)

	LGM-118A [MX] Peacekeeper ICBM United States Nuclear Forces
		Peacekeeper deactivation was to occur over a 36-month period beginning in FY03 with missiles remaining on alert and fully mission capable throughout the deactivation period.
		It is a four stage missile like the Minuteman III, with the first three stages being solid propellant and the fourth stage bu hypergolicly fueled with hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide.
		The entire missile is encased in a canister in the silo to protect it against damage and to permit "cold launch".
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/systems/lgm-118.htm (1074 words)

	LGM-118A [MX] Peacekeeper ICBM United States Nuclear Forces
		Progress toward the new missile was made on 4 April 1972 when Headquarters Air Force assigned the designation "Missile-X" (M-X) to the advanced ICBM and made the Space and Missile Systems Organization (SAMSO) responsible for developing it.
		In this concept, peacekeeper missiles were to be transported by rail through an extensive maze of rock tunnels.
		Peacekeeper deployment was scheduled to begin in January 1986 and initial operational capability was set for December of the same year.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/systems/lgm-118-bkg.htm (1659 words)

	ABM Madness
		The Peacekeeper represents a new generation ICBM with greater range (+1000 miles), increased footprint, twice the cross and downrange capability and rapid re-targeting potential vs. the aging Minuteman force.
		A secure reserve of land-based missiles would prevent the Soviets from achieving the decisive shift in the ‘correlation of forces’ which is critical to their theory of victory.
		While other issues such as cratering phenomena, missile launcher support hardness, shock isolation effectiveness and missile egress from silos buried under tons of debris needed to be studied as well, this breakthrough was considered to be of extreme importance at the time.
	www.jrnyquist.com /june4/abm_madness.htm (4041 words)

	MissileThreat :: Peacekeeper
		The missile is highly compact for its capabilities, with a length of 21.8 m, a width of 2.34 m and a launch weight of 87,750 kg.
		The LGM-118 Peacekeeper missile started in 1972 with a demand for a new ICBM which was to be designed around the concept of a large number of warheads coupled with silo-killing capabilities.
		The Department of Defense is considering using a number of now deactivated MX or “Peacekeeper” missiles rather than destroying them altogether, possibly to arm them with conventional warheads, in an effort to both find a replacement for the aging Minuteman III force and to maintain a credible deterrent, both nuclear and otherwise.
	www.missilethreat.com /missiles/peacekeeper_usa.html (1218 words)

	Peacekeeper (MX) Missile Site Coordinates
		Warren Air Force Base had 200 Minuteman missiles (initially Minuteman I, later Minuteman III), but 50 of them (flights P through T) were converted in the late 1980s to the only deployment of Peacekeeper (MX) missiles.
		This left Warren with a peak of 150 Minuteman III missiles and 50 Peacekeeper missiles but as of mid-September 2005, the Peacekeeper is retired.
		Peacekeeper (sometimes called Missile X, thus MX, early on) is a strange name to some for one of the most powerful weapons of mass destruction.
	w3.uwyo.edu /~jimkirk/mx.html (2104 words)

	US Peacemaker ICBMs Being Quietly Scrapped
		It's the deactivation and retirement of the Air Force's peacekeeper missiles.
		These missiles are being retired because similar missiles in Russia that were once pointed at the United States are also being decommissioned.
		In storage facilities at FE Warren Air Force Base, the peacekeepers are carefully disassembled with their nuclear payloads already taken away.
	www.rense.com /general45/quick.htm (321 words)

	StandardNET/Standard-Examiner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The last of the Peacekeeper missiles was deactivated this week at Hill Air Force Base, the gravesite for the disassembled missiles whose rockets may go on to a peaceable mission in the Air Force.
		Michael Altom, 309th Missile Maintenance Group commander, was there at the beginning and the end of the 19-year mission and stresses that, despite the deactivation, the mission will go on.
		The Peacekeeper missiles, with 10 warheads apiece, were decommissioned as a condition of treaties with the then-Soviet Union to reduce strategic offensive weapons systems.
	www.standard.net /standard/64162 (439 words)

	Hilltop Times - Range technicians dissect motors to study condition
		The saw is positioned to resume cutting into a Peacekeeper missile at the Large Missile Dissection installation at the UTTR.
		To accomplish this, a missile is pulled from the silo and brought to the Utah Test and Training Range where technicians dissect the motor and send engineers and researchers parts for examination.
		The Peacekeeper missile the team is currently dissecting has been on the chopping block since February with two sections left to cut.
	www.hilltoptimes.com /story.asp?edition=17&storyid=196 (746 words)

	BASIC Publications
		However, the 500 W87 warheads will be retained and either transferred onto all or some of the Minuteman III missiles or kept in store as part of the reserve or "hedge" kept in case the US decides it needs to redeploy them.
		Each missile is armed with three warheads for a total of 1500 warheads, comprised of 900 W78 and 600 W62 warheads.
		At that point, W87 warheads from scrapped MX/Peacekeeper missiles will likely be re-deployed to a portion of the Minuteman III missiles and the remainder of the missiles will be armed with the W78 warhead.
	www.basicint.org /pubs/Research/taking_pulse-2.htm (1234 words)

	U.S. House Committee Agrees to Reduce Peacekeeper Missiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The votes on the Peacekeeper missiles and the B-1B bombers came August 1 as the Armed Services Committee worked to complete the $343,300 million fiscal year 2002 defense authorization budget.
		The Peacekeeper missile, which was developed in the 1980s, carries 10 nuclear warheads.
		The amendment to eliminate the Peacekeeper missiles supports a pledge by President Bush to draw down the U.S. nuclear arsenal of more than 7,000 warheads as part of his plan to develop a new strategic framework and an anti-ballistic missile defensive program.
	japan.usembassy.gov /e/p/tp-se0264.html (649 words)

	Deactivation of Peacekeeper missiles begins
		The process to deactivate the Peacekeeper will occur over three years, but until the final Peacekeeper is pulled from its silo, the remaining missiles will continue to stay on "tip-top alert," Lord said.
		Peacekeeper warheads, with their advanced safety features, will be installed on Minuteman III ICBMs as part of the Safety Enhanced Re-entry Vehicle program, allowing the Air Force to upgrade its Minuteman fleet.
		China is expected to have between 75 and 100 long-range nuclear missiles pointed at the United States by 2015, roughly quadruple the current number, according to a CIA study released Wednesday, the Associated Press reports.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/838023/posts (1356 words)

	Hilltop Times - 526th ICBM Systems Wing receives last Peacekeeper
		The 526th Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Systems Wing held a ceremony Oct. 6 marking the arrival of the final stage of the last Peacekeeper missile to be deactivated.
		Although the Minuteman III is older than the Peacekeeper, by about 15 years, the Air Force has upgraded the missile, ensuring that it remains a formidable contributor to the nation’s defenses against terrorism, said Colonel Shofner.
		Chatlin, the Peacekeeper program has come full circle since she was also in charge of picking up the ICBMs from the manufacturer at the beginning of the program and delivering them to Wyoming.
	www.hilltoptimes.com /story.asp?edition=227&storyid=6346 (833 words)

	Peacekeeper
		It was to become a four-stage missile, using some advanced technologies, like a "cold launch" capability, in which the missile would be ejected from the launch silo by a gas jet before igniting its first stage motor.
		With the placement of dummy missiles in the unused shelters, the Soviet Union wouldn't know where the real missiles would be at any given time, and theoretically would have to attack every shelter to destroy every missile for sure.
		In this scheme, 50 additional Peacekeeper missiles would be based on 25 special USAF trains, with each train consisting of two missile cars, two locomotives, and additional cars for launch control, security, and fuel.
	www.astronautix.com /lvs/peaeeper.htm (1234 words)

	Chapter 20
		The Trident II (D-5) missile has improved range, payload, and accuracy relative to all previous SLBMs; this increases both the survivability and the effectiveness of the SSBN fleet.
		Procurement of the AGM-129 advanced cruise missile was halted at 460 in lieu of 1,460.
		The missiles could, however, be returned to their previous targeting status on short notice.
	www.defenselink.mil /execsec/adr97/chap20.html (1641 words)

	Wyoming Tribune-Eagle Online - Cheyenne, Wyoming News and Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Peacekeepers, exclusive to the 400th Missile Squadron at F.E. Warren, were activated in 1988.
		The 150 Minuteman III missiles operated by F.E. Warren will not be deactivated, but base personnel reduced the Minuteman missile capabilities to a single warhead prior to 2001 to conform with the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START I) signed by the United States and the Soviet Union in 1991.
		While a missile alert facility is usually peopled with two teams of Security Forces members, a chef, a facilities manager and two officers, Sierra held almost 10 officers and twice as many enlisted airmen.
	www.wyomingnews.com /news/more.asp?StoryID=104009 (691 words)

	Missile Madness II
		Soviet BMD could require the Peacekeeper and small missile to be MARVed if they are to reach and destroy their targets.
		Peacekeeper has been deployed, I guess, but certainly with no additional penetration-aid upgrades such as MARV or superhardening of the missile silos in response to Russia’s ABM breakout.
		Peacekeeper silos were never hardened nor were the missiles upgraded with penetration aids to counter Russia’s BMD deployment.
	www.jrnyquist.com /june11/new_page_3.htm (3281 words)

	SPACE.com -- Ex-Cold War Missile May Boost University-Built Satellites
		The mothballing of the Peacekeeper is part of a reduction in U.S. missile forces from 6,000 to between 1,700 and 2,200.
		Rather than mothballing and ultimately destroying dozens of the Peacekeeper missiles, Republican Congressman Dennis Rehberg of Montana is championing steps to use the weapons to lob university payloads into orbit.
		The R 36-M is known to the West by its NATO classification -- the SS-18 missile.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/050922_peacekeeper_student.html (1376 words)

	START II Tables
		Missiles based 16 Ohio-class submarines with 5 warheads per missile.
		Most Russian missile classes are likely to go out of service in the next 10 years, due to production facilities being located outside of Russia and service livers expiring.
		Totals depend on which missiles Russia chooses to extend the service life of, and, and whether remaining missiles are MIRVed.
	www.cdi.org /issues/nukef&f/database/startab.html (459 words)

	THE MISSILES - THE DREAM AND THE REALITY
		These missiles were painted red, white, and blue, and were about 6 feet long, thin and very pointy.
		When the missiles came up on their stands, ready to shoot, I dropped to the floor so I'd be under any shooting that went on and so did some of the other women who were there.
		Minuteman 3 missiles cost $7 million when initially purchased, but have since received several upgrades toextend the life of the weapon, which went on alert in 1970.
	www.greatdreams.com /missiles.htm (536 words)

	Last Peacekeeper Class Graduates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		When development began on the system in the late 1970s, plans called for the missiles to be deployed within a series of protective shelters linked by rail to increase survivability and defend against accurate targeting by enemies.
		Congress capped the project at 50 missiles in 1985 because a mobile, survivable basing plan still had not been realized, and costs were skyrocketing.
		The first Peacekeeper was deployed at F.E. Warren in December 1986, and shortly thereafter, the 400th MS assumed operational control of the 50 Peacekeeper missiles.
	www.military.com /NewsContent/0,13319,usaf2_102104.00.html (336 words)

	The Future Missile Force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Some Peacekeeper components actually will be shifted to the Minuteman IIIs, which are in the midst of a top-to-bottom modernization program expected to keep them in service until roughly 2020.
		Angela Sharber, a missile combat crew commander, noted the responsibility the crews have: Each two-person team is directly responsible for monitoring 10 ICBMs and is interconnected with the other four missile alert crews—also monitoring 10 ICBMs each—in their squadron.
		The primary reason: The Peacekeeper, which was capped at just 50 missiles in 1990 as the Cold War wound down, represents only about 10 percent of the total ICBM inventory, but it requires its own infrastructure, supplies, and specialized cadre of operators and maintainers.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1056554/posts (3356 words)

	Peacekeeper ICBM
		The LGM-118 Peacekeeper Intercontinental Ballistic Missile is still best known by the acronym assigned it during development: MX, for Missile Experimental.
		A contingent of 50 missiles in Minuteman silos was decided on, with another 50 for mobile deployment in railcars.
		Under the terms of SALT II, the Peacekeeper was eliminated from the U.S. arsenal.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1953.html (515 words)

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