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Topic: Peak programme meter

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	VU And PPM Audio Metering
		The Peak Programme Meter (PPM) was originally developed by the BBC to overcome the shortcomings of the VU meter, which is notoriously bad at showing the peak signal level.
		Very few so-called VU meters come even close to the specification, and the little units on tape machines and sometimes provided on power amplifiers generally bear no resemblance to a real VU meter except that the meter dial is divided into the "proper" number of divisions, and has a red section from 0VU to +3VU.
		The term "ballistics" refers to the absolute movement of the meter's pointer, and for true VU and PPMs there are detailed specifications for the movement of the meter needle in response to a signal...
	sound.westhost.com /project55.htm (1775 words)

	P H M - Metering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Most meters are unlikely to read such low level signals in their normal modes so although this is an important matter from an engineer's viewpoint, it does not generally become an issue affecting the type of metering and calibration that is used.
		PPM stands for PEAK programme meter as this is the type of rectifier used by the meter.
		PPM meters give an indication of the peak amplitude by using drive circuits which will capture fast transients then hold them long enough to allow a mechanical meter to display the peak and also allow the operator sufficient time to appreciate what level the peak reached.
	web.onetel.com /~peterphmusic/pharri5833/metering.htm (3868 words)

	MIXERS
		The meter most often used is the peak programme meter which indicates the peaks or loudest parts of a programme. It is usually divided into percentages: 0% is the minimum and 100% the maximum.
		Consider the average peak of a programme, like a symphony concert, where the music fluctuates between the softest parts (2% give or take) and the loudest parts (100%).
		There are speech suites for live programmes; packaging suites for recording packagings and quiz shows and for live sport; drama suites for recording serials and plays; music suites for light and serious music and variety siutes for recording audience shows.
	vanno.tripod.com /mix.html (1060 words)

	SQN-2S User's Handbook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Admittedly, peak meters do not necessarily give a true representation of the loudness of the signal and some recordists prefer the VU type of meter which we can also provide.
		This 'Nominal Peak' is a simplification of the arguments, since in practice the BBC has adopted various preferred peak levels for different sound sources and even individual musical instruments.
		Peak limiting is an extremely non-linear process that relies on the masking characteristics of the ear to render the effect essentially inaudible when executed properly and used in moderate amounts.
	www.sqn.co.uk /2Sbook.html (3874 words)

	SURROUND SIGHT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Metering is a critical element of any audio recording system, and the modular nature of DK Audio's extensive range of high-quality units makes it possible to purchase a system that exactly meets your requirements.
		However, despite its name, the PPM does not indicate true peak levels, because it was designed to have a finite response time in recognition of the inaudibility of very brief transient overloads in analogue recording and transmission systems.
		The BBC PPM's simplified scale is numbered arbitrarily from 1 to 7 with PPM 4 at 0dBu, whereas the EBU-standard PPM meter is scaled directly in dBu from -12 to +12.
	www.soundonsound.com /sos/may00/articles/dkaudio.htm (3167 words)

	Music Technology Handouts: Mixers: 2
		The PPM is an instrument designed to indicate the peak levels of audio signals.
		The "peak" indicated by a PPM is not an instantaneous peak value but an average value measured over a brief period.
		The scale of a PPM is approximately linear and this, together with the less erratic needle movement, makes the PPM easier to read than a VU meter.
	www.users.globalnet.co.uk /~bunce/mix2.htm (2054 words)

	Getting Your Levels Right - PPMs, clipping and all that (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		As you will be aware, the needle on VU meters is not damped like that of a PPM, it constantly moves around tracking the peaks and troughs of the sound level, making it very difficult to assess the real audio level.
		In the UK, the PPM is usually a fl meter with a white scale, marked between 1 and 7.
		Note that this does not mean that you can let your levels creep up to PPM 7, the meters aren't 100% accurate for sharp spikes, they may not be 100% correctly calibrated (even us engineers aren't perfect), and some piece of equipment may not be up to spec and start to clip early.
	home.btconnect.com /woodgreen/tech_tips/techtip/art4.htm (737 words)

	Radio Jargon
		Radio programmes can also be recorded onto computer harddisks and played out automatically, this form of broadcasting is called automation.
		Normally used during phone in programmes so as to be able to cut offensive language out before it is transmitted.
		Abbreviation for peak programme meter's, used on audio equipment to show the loudness level of audio.
	www.pauldenton.co.uk /radiojargon.htm (2385 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| dummy \| On audio equipment, sound level meters are sometimes called VU meters. What does VU stand ...
		VU stands for volume unit (the other common type of audio meter is the PPM or Peak Programme Meter).
		A VU meter is essentially a voltmeter calibrated to give a reading of 0VU when fed with a sine wave tone.
		The VU meter is usually calibrated so that 100% (VU 9) is the highest level that can be continuously maintained without distortion in the audio channel, although transient sounds can 'kick' above this.
	www.guardian.co.uk /notesandqueries/query/0,5753,-18540,00.html (299 words)

	Broadcasting House, London, Control Room - memories by Roy Hayward (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Two people were allocated duty at this position and they were responsible for accepting the programme contributions from anywhere, local or distant, and plugging them with double-enders to the next stage of their route – possibly to one of the Bay positions.
		The programme level was carefully controlled by the operator on the main amplifier below the mixer – an OBA/8 that had an amplification of 80 – 90 dbs.
		The programme material was of great variety - maybe a scripted 15 minute talk such as 'The Radio Doctor' (that was broadcast round about breakfast time) from a BH studio to be recorded for transmission on the Home Service at perhaps an unsociable hour.
	www.roger.beckwith.btinternet.co.uk /bh/cr62/cr62_5.htm (4555 words)

	SQN-5S Specification
		The meters are normally calibrated with the mixer driving a bridging load of 10k Ohms.
		The nominal line level is normally set at 0dBu for PPM metered mixers and +4dBu for VU metered mixers.
		Peak level, which is used as a reference for the limiters, is considered to be 8dB above this setting.
	www.sqn.co.uk /5Sspec.html (1657 words)

	[No title]
		The LED meter is simpler and smaller than it's analogue counterpart, and is very common in audio equipment.
		This project is also an essential part of the expandable analyser to be published soon, and one meter circuit is used for each frequency band.
		They are ideal as power meters on amplifiers, can be used with mixers (including the high quality mixer described in the project pages), preamps and any other application where it is important to know the signal level.
	www.armory.com /~rstevew/Public/BarGraphCcts/p60-f1.htm (1276 words)

	PCSV6 Background
		An experienced operator can ensure that the programme peaks are at a consistent level and that the programme is efficiently using the available dynamic range.
		The content of the programme will influence its apparent loudness and the engineer will raise or lower the level independently of the meter indication to maintain the desired comfort level.
		The extreme permissible programme signal levels are the clipping level, above which the peaks are cut off and the noise floor, below which any signal is lost in noise.
	www.malden.co.uk /products/pcsv6/backgrd.htm (956 words)

	Radiophonic Workshop: 5. Reawakening
		In addition, a mono meter, connected to the circuits feeding the stereo PPMs, was fitted in a spare area on the monitoring module.
		), with the mono meter at 0 dB (PPM 4).
		Malcolm Clarke found the problem particularly bad in one of his programmes: after that, a copy of this recording was used by the engineers for fine-tuning the noise reduction.
	www.glias.org.uk /glias/rws/pgs/r05.htm (3221 words)

	Audio Level Meter
		Available scaled as a BBC PPM, or with a range similar to the traditional VU meter, but minus it's inability to display peaks.
		With Windows versions prior to XP it is not normally possible to use the meter at the same time as other programs which are recording audio.
		I prefer a faster fallback, especially as there are the peak markers, so the fallback time can be adjusted by means of an arbitrary value entered on the options page.
	www.darkwood.demon.co.uk /PC/meter.html (1651 words)

	SURROUND SIGHT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Growing interest in surround sound is also placing much greater demands on metering technology, which few manufacturers have yet addressed.
		Although they may appear expensive, it must be remembered that these meters provide far more information and functionality than other typical stand-alone models.
		The PPM under-reads true signal peaks by a surprisingly consistent 4dB.
	www.sospubs.co.uk /sos/may00/articles/dkaudio.htm (3167 words)

	8th Floor - Control Room 1 - Broadcasting House in 1932
		The central fader combined the outputs of the outer ones in the same way and the output of that fader was fed to the main control, lower left.
		Although the meter looks like today's Peak Programme Meter, it isn't one.
		The PPM was not developed till about 1936 or 7 but it did retain the previously designed scale.
	www.btinternet.com /~roger.beckwith/bh/bh32/bh32_8c1.htm (324 words)

	Programme Production from Corporate Video to Broadcast Television - Peak Vision TV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Programme Production from Corporate Video to Broadcast Television - Peak Vision TV A professional solution to meet your requirements whether video, DVD, streaming media, MP3 or a programme for broadcast.
		At Peak Vision TV, we can provide the solution to meet your requirements whether you are looking for a video, DVD, streaming media or MP3.
		You should have a good idea of what your programme will be like ever before we begin shooting.
	www.peakvisiontv.co.uk /pvtvproduction.htm (287 words)

	PPMulator v1.4 for Windows 98/2000/ME/XP
		System Requirements: Minimum requirements: Windows 98 or XP PPMulator is a cross-platform VST plug-in meter for digital audio workstations which exactly mimics the look and feel of a professional broadcast Peak Programme Meter (PPM).
		By adding this little plugin to the master output of your audio editing program, you can record, edit, mix and export your audio within a precisely-calibrated workspace - something which is often impossible to do when working in a non-studio environment.
		PPMulator is designed to closely-follow the ballistics of mono, stereo and mid-side (MS) PPM meters (conforming to IEC 268-10/DIN 45406) and has a number of built-in additional features, including various display style options and a highly-useful Peak Logging process which logs all peaks/overloads against the timecode in the host application where they occurred.
	www.hitsquad.com /smm/programs/PPMulator (353 words)

	The educational encyclopedia, measurement circuits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Capacitance meter the Femto capacitance meter measures in the low femtofarad area having a resolution of 10 femtofarads (fF).
		Current meter used to measure the current from a solar panel.
		Opacity meter for monitoring the rate of flow of powder used in a rapid prototyping machine
	users.telenet.be /educypedia/electronics/circuitsmeasurement.htm (309 words)

	VU_Meter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Thus, a VU meter is a device for measuring the level of
		A meter which is linear in decibels (rather than percentage of modulation) is called a peak programme meter (PPM), and is commonly used in Britain.
		VU meter where levels above 0 VU are shown as positive decibels (the range of potential distortion), and those below it as negative decibels.
	www.sfu.ca /sonic-studio/handbook/VU_Meter.html (182 words)

	Fine Cut Films - Film and Television Production for Beginners
		The mechanical ones have a little pointer that swings about; the others have a series of little lights or blobs in a little indicator screen (the blobs are often arranged so that they form a bar rather than separate bits).
		The two kinds of metering system are the VU and the PPM.
		You'll get to know your mixer and its meter, but not all meters are equal.
	www.finecutfilms.com /Production/Shooting/Sound2.html (1816 words)

	LED Audio VU Meter
		It is quite true that there are many variations of this circuit already on the WWW, but for the sake of completeness (and because I will (eventually) be producing PCBs for this version) here is yet another.
		This project is also an essential part of the expandable analyser to be published soon (or perhaps "eventually"), and one meter circuit is used for each frequency band.
		If this is to be used, substitute a fixed 100k resistor for VR1 (from Pin 5 to ground) in Figure 1, and bring the signal into the IC via R1 as shown by the dashed line.
	www.sound.westhost.com /project60.htm (1527 words)

	Re: Audio Input Level Bug -- J Frink -- 2001/01/10
		The PPM spec is very tightly controlled in terms of > > rise and fall time (which goes some way to explaining why they're so > > expensive).
		This is where the "peaks at -10dB" comes from.
		Fair enough, > > but all these broadcasters are using PPMs rather than VUs to evaluate > > their > > levels and PPMs will typically peak at 4dB less than a digital VU meter.
	www.softimage.com /community/xsi/discuss/Archives/ds.archive.0101/msg00177.htm (529 words)

	MEDIADOME--the one stop site for media students (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Console: Audio mixer consisting of inputs, outputs, toggles, meters, sliders and/or pots, board.
		Cue (3): Written introduction to a piece of audio - either for news or general programmes.
		It usually measures the peak values of output, hence the name.
	www.tezu.ernet.in /~vasuki/aprod.htm (1737 words)

	monitor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		You are rigging a communications unit for which you are expecting some Line level feeds which aren't apparently reaching you.
		You will also be able to see the level of the test signal on the LED METER on the front panel.
		This has a response that emulates the standard BBC Peak Programme Meter with standard level at '0' on the scale.
	www.the-earplug.co.uk /monitor.htm (200 words)

	5.1 Monitoring Tool
		And herein lies the polar display's particular power, that it can be used to asses the character of a stereo signal, alerting the engineer to possible transmission or recording problems, as illustrated in Fig.
		Practical 5.1 audio systems treat the creation of phantom auditory events on the periphery of the circle on which lie the five cardinal loudspeaker positions by means of a piecewise stereophony.
		One limitation which might easily be addressed in a software implementation, would be the addition of a conventional PPM linear meter to monitor the LFE channel; since this is missing in the practical implementation described above.
	www.richardbrice.net /5.1_monitoring_tool.htm (2351 words)

	Lindos Electronics - Audio Test Equipment
		Unison is not intended to replace XLR's in the robust studio environment, but it can provide very high levels of sound quality, and could become the ideal standard on a new generation of miniature camcorders, replacing the microphone socket with a balanced line input that can power active microphones, miniature mixers, and radio receiver plug-ins.
		When this rule is adhered to it becomes possible for the user to play or record all sources without needing to adjust listening or recording levels for most of the time.
		Sticking to the rules means that other recordings, which do contain occasional high peaks, will replay at the same loudness, but with the added clarity that large headroom confers.
	www.lindos.co.uk /art1.html (1692 words)

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