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Topic: Pearl and Hermes Reef

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	Pearl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Pearl, Illinois Pearl is a village located in 2000 census, the village had a total population of 187.
		Pearl Danio Brachydanio albolineatus The Pearl Danio (Brachydanio albolineatus) is a barbels.
		Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor is a complex embayment on the island of Pacific Fleet.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/pearl.html (1056 words)

	Pearl and Hermes Reef - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Pearl and Hermes Reefs (Hawaiian: Holoikauaua), are part of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
		The reefs were most noted within the pearl trade.
		In 1927, Captain William Greig Anderson was fishing for tuna and in the process, discovered pearl beds within the lagoon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pearl_and_Hermes_Reef (148 words)

	PEARL AND HERMES REEF
		The discovery of pearl oysters in the lagoon of Pearl and Hermes Reef, by Captain William Greig Anderson in 1927, did more to put this lonely atoll on the map of the Hawaiian archipelago than any other event during the 105 previous years of its history.
		To establish at Pearl and Hermes Reef a pearl oyster reserve from which oysters could be taken only by permission of the Government and exclusively for the purpose of transplantation and cultivation.
		The reef is continuous on the east side but on the south there are some breaks: the main entrance, deep enough to admit small vessels, at least a short way into the lagoon, and a pass for small boats near the Southeast Islet.
	www.janeresture.com /pearl_and_hermes (1227 words)

	[No title]
		On Pearl and Hermes Reef, the introduced population of Laysan finches have additionally been reported to feed on seeds of the introduced grass Setaria verticillata (03,13,38); seeds of Solanum (03); seeds of Sonchus (13); seeds of Chenopodium (13); and blades of Lepturus (13).
		On Pearl and Hermes Reef, the introduced Laysan finch population uses a variety of plants for cover and shelter; Eragrostis is not as abundant there as it once was (19).
		Conant (40) suggested that the active nests she saw on Pearl and Hermes Reef in June, July, and August of 1984 and 1985 were possibly renests due to the large number of older fledglings and independent young-of-the-year present.
	fwie.fw.vt.edu /WWW/esis/lists/e101041.htm (6758 words)

	Plants of Midway Atoll
		In Hawaii, this plant occurs in coastal and strand habitats, raised coralline reef, sand dunes, and in soil pockets or cracks on all of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands except Kure Atoll and Pearl and Hermes Reef.
		On Kure, Midway (Sand Island), and Pearl and Hermes atolls, Lisianski, Laysan, Nihoa, and all of the main Hawaiian islands.
		On Kure, Midway, and Pearl and Hermes atolls, Lisianski, Laysan, French Frigate Shoals, and all of the main islands.
	www.fws.gov /midway/wildlife/plants.html (1957 words)

	DLNR News Release 00-36 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the wake of Monday's grounding of the Swordman I, a Hawai`i-based 85-foot fishing vessel at Pearl and Hermes Reef, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, the Department of Land and Natural Resources is investigating the removal of the longline fishing boat from the reef.
		Pearl and Hermes reef is a complex reef/atoll structure almost 17 miles across and is home to abundant marine resources such as corals, lobster, reef fishes, seabirds and the endangered Hawaiian monk seal.
		These resources, especially the coral reefs, are threatened by pollution (fuel and oils) as well as physical damage to the reef structure from the vessel's hull.
	www.state.hi.us /dlnr/chair/pio/HtmlNR/00-36.htm (443 words)

	News Release - NOWRAMP Expedition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		After four and a half days of diving the waters at Pearl and Hermes Atoll, few fl-lip pearl oysters were seen within the lagoon waters.
		The fl-lip oyster pearls were heavily fished upon their discovery, and within 3 years, 150 tons of oyster shells had already been removed and shipped to button makers in San Francisco.
		After this visit to Pearl and Hermes Atoll by scientists aboard both the Rapture and the Townsend Cromwell, dialogue about what to do about the oysters is sure to continue.
	www.bishopmuseum.org /research/nwhi/nr20.shtml (471 words)

	About Pearl and Hermes Atoll
		Pearl and Hermes Atoll is a true atoll that is primarily underwater and has numerous islets, seven of which are above sea level.
		Hawaiian monk seals and sea turtles breed and feed at Pearl and Hermes, and it is a mating area for spinner dolphins.
		Black-lipped pearl oysters, at one time very common, were harvested in the late 1920s to make buttons from their shells.
	www.hawaiireef.noaa.gov /about/pearlhermes.html (524 words)

	On the Air - The Honolulu Advertiser (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Pearl and Hermes, a part of the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge, at midsummer is home to pupping Hawaiian monk seals, the hatching season for Hawaiian green sea turtles and fledging Laysan albatross.
		Two significant concerns are the damage the rocking steel ship is causing to the reef and the potential spilling of its 33,000 gallons of diesel fuel and gasoline.
		She would not comment on whether the Casitas was under power when it hit the reef, whether it was suffering any mechanical difficulties, whether it had intended to anchor or had anchored near the wreck site, or other details.
	www.honoluluadvertiser.com /apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2005507070354 (763 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Geographical Location Extends from Nihoa Island to Pearl and Hermes Reef; a gently arching north-west extension of the main Hawaiian Islands.
		Lagoon depths: Pearl and Hermes Reef and French Frigate Shoals, variable to 30m.
		The islands and reefs support a diverse marine flora and fauna, including 600 fish species and a variety of corals and other invertebrates.
	sea.unep-wcmc.org /sites/pa/0189u.htm (679 words)

	The Honolulu Advertiser \| Local News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Reef researcher Jim Maragos, diving on the site of an old shipwreck on the Pearl and Hermes reef, found extensive growth of a seaweed called lyngbya, a type of blue-green algae.
		If the theory linking iron ships’ hulls with long-term changes in the life on the reef is true, it makes an argument for the early removal of shipwrecks from the reefs of valued regions like the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
		Elsewhere on the same Pearl and Hermes reef, DeFelice found his 10 new marine sponge species, all in the single sinkhole, caught between the ridges of the atoll’s coral reef.
	the.honoluluadvertiser.com /2000/Oct/19/1019localnews14.html (1003 words)

	[No title]
		Satellite imagery of Maro Reef was positioned using a combination of satellite ephemeris data and supplemental depth transect data.
		Kure Atoll, Midway Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Atoll, Lisianski Island, Laysan Island, French Frigate Shoals, and Nihoa Island are positioned to within five (5) meters at sea level.
		The "shallow-water" RGB depth profile was applied to Kure Atoll, Midway Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Atoll, and French Frigate Shoals.
	coris.noaa.gov /metadata/records/txt/nwhi_estimated_depth_maps_2002.txt (654 words)

	PEARL (in MARION) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The pearl, a middle English poem; a modern version in the metre of the original.
		Pearl, a poem of consolation, rendered into modern English verse from the alliterative poem of 1360-1370, from the unique Cotton ms.
		Pearl and Hermes reef, Hawaii, hydrographical and biological observations.
	www-catalog.cpl.org /MARION?T=PEARL (111 words)

	Pearl Harbor Pearls
		The king's punishment for unauthorized oyster fishing in Pearl Harbor was death.
		By 1901, Pearl Harbor pearl oysters were almost entirely gone, smothered by mud.
		The bad news is that the Pearl and Hermes oysters have not remotely recovered their numbers.
	www.karipearls.com /pearl-harbor-pearls.html (703 words)

	Do fundo do mar... Sea bottom: Reef cleanup reveals wreck clues
		The Pearl and the Hermes ran aground in 1822 on the atoll that now bears their names.
		Between now and then, he will be researching boats' histories and studying the underwater photos and measurements of the wreck site brought back by divers on the Casitas, a contract vessel that returned from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands on Monday.
		Pearl and Hermes Atoll reef has been a "mother lode" of nets, rope, floats and other marine debris washed there by ocean currents, said Jake Asher, a NOAA team leader for the Casitas voyages from June to October.
	dofundodomar.blogspot.com /2004/10/reef-cleanup-reveals-wreck-clues.html (553 words)

	Pearl & Hermes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Pearl and Hermes Atoll (27° 50' N - 175° 50' W) was first named on April 26, 1822 when two English whaling ships, the Pearl and Hermes, were wrecked there during a storm.
		In the early 1900's the oyster beds (Pinctada margaritifera) were harvested in order to make pearl buttons for clothing.
		The Townsend Cromwell (predecessor to the Oscar Elton Sette) has supported marine mammal research on the atoll, cleaned up/researched marine debris, and has conducted lobster studies in its waters.
	atsea.nmfs.hawaii.edu /islands/pearlherm.htm (105 words)

	NOAA's National Ocean Service Office of Response and Restoration \| Pollutants in the Environment \| Marine Debris and ...
		On June 5, 2000, the longline fishing vessel Swordman I, struck the eastern fringe of Pearl and Hermes Reef in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
		In addition to concern for the physical and oil related impacts to coral habitats, Pearl and Hermes Reef is critical habitat for birds, turtles, and monk seals.
		Although vessel removal was expensive, the prompt action eliminated the threat of fishing gear entanglement, residual releases of oil, and collateral reef injury if the vessel had been left to deteriorate on the reef.
	response.restoration.noaa.gov /dac/vessels/cases/swordman.html (459 words)

	Perspectives - Monachus Guardian 2 (1): May 1999
		This species is almost exclusively confined to the uninhabited reefs and atolls of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, and continues to decline despite – perhaps because of – management efforts.
		The reefs and banks of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands are particularly susceptible to overfishing because of their relatively small size and isolation.
		At Pearl and Hermes Reef, the estimate was 64 pieces per square kilometre.
	www.monachus-guardian.org /mguard03/03perspe.htm (3114 words)

	Issue 5 - Field Reports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		East to west, they are French Frigate Shoals, Laysan Island, Lisianski, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Midway Atoll and Kure Atoll.
		We have for a number of years considered mobbings to be one of the most important problems, particularly at Laysan and Lisianski.
		We are looking at the possibility of removing debris that is snagged on coral reefs in their nearshore environment.
	www.reefnet.org /issue5/field5.html (4176 words)

	SCS: Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi)
		The species' main reproductive populations are at French Frigate Shoals (the largest population), Laysan Island, Lisianski Island, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Midway Atoll and Kure Atoll.
		In January 2001 a new reserve was finalised, the Northwest Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve, covering 339,260 square kilometres (34 million hectares) along a 1,930km chain of Hawaiian islands.
		Their prey is known to include octopus, lobster and fish, including eels and flatfish, and they often feed along the slopes of coral reefs at depths of up to 75-90m.
	www.pinnipeds.org /species/hawaimnk.htm (1908 words)

	The Honolulu Advertiser \| Local News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A fishing boat wrecked on the wildlife refuge at Pearl and Hermes Atoll was leaking oil into the surrounding waters yesterday while teams sought ways to halt the damage.
		The low island, sometimes called Pearl and Hermes Reef, is part of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
		The fishing boat was rocking in the large breakers that were smashing into the reef.
	the.honoluluadvertiser.com /2000/Jun/09/localnews34.html (273 words)

	VPNAVY - VP-8 History Summary Page - VP Patrol Squadron
		Avocet was recommissioned to serve as an "auxiliary aircraft tender", assigned to the Asiatic Fleet's air squadrons.
		Avocet plane-guarded the last leg of the inbound flight of the new Consolidated P2Y flying boats of VP-10 as they arrived at Pearl Harbor on 11 January 1939, and then operated locally until heading for Kahului, Hawaii, with the seaplane tender USS Wright (AV-1), on 20 January.
		Sailing from Pearl Harbor on 23 June 1939 for San Diego, Avocet arrived at her destination on Independence Day, having plane-guarded for VP-1 en route.
	www.vpnavy.com /vp8_1925.html (771 words)

	Briefing Book (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The remaining Hawaiian Monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) populations inhabit the small, northwestern Hawaiian Islands such as Lysan and Lisianski Islands, French Frigate Shoals, and Pearl and Hermes Reef.
		The monk seal is about 3 feet at birth and weighs approximately 35 pounds while adults approach 7 feet and can weigh up to nearly 600 pounds.
		Sharks, notably the tiger and the Galapagos, are likely their only natural predator and may be an important cause of mortality.
	www.seaweb.org /background/book/monkseal.html (896 words)

	Midway Islands History
		It is 1150 nautical miles (1300 statute miles) northwest of Honolulu, 90 miles beyond Pearl and Hermes Reef, and 50 miles east of Kure, the final island of the chain.
		The atoll consists of a nearly circular rim of coral reef, about 5 miles in diameter, enclosing a lagoon, the central portion of which ranges in depth from 25 to 50 feet, surrounded by a considerable expanse of shallower water.
		Much of the reef, especially on the northeast, forms a continuous flat-topped wall, six to fifteen feet wide and standing some five feet out of the water.
	www.janeresture.com /midway (1658 words)

	Hawaii Ocean Industry Magazine Archives
		As part of the Marine Reef Debris Cleanup Partnership, the NOAA vessel Townsend Cromwell and the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Walnut conducted coral reef restoration research and cleanup operations at Lisianki Island, Pearl and Hermes Reef, and Midway Island.
		“Last year’s marine reef cleanup effort, although very successful as a pioneering project, was dwarfed by this year’s exceptional cooperative teamwork resulting in literally tons of debris and other discarded material being recovered, said Dr. George Antonelis, chief of the protected species investigation for the National Marine Fisheries Service Honolulu Laboratory.
		In 1997, for example, nearly 20 percent of the mass of marine debris removed in one case at the Pearl and Hermes Reef consisted of dead coral.
	www.hawaiiocean.com /HOI_Archives/HOI_1999-12 (2414 words)

	Honolulu Star-Bulletin Hawaii News
		A National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration employee surveyed the coral on the Pearl and Hermes Reef in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands in June 2000.
		The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands are recognized as world-class examples of pristine coral reefs.
		The hearings are "an opportunity for people to come out and express their views, the pros and cons about what they'd like to see," Clark said.
	starbulletin.com /2002/01/02/news/story7.html (573 words)

	OSS Pearl and Hermes Reef
		An old atoll, sinking into the sea as the northwesterly end of the Hawaiian chain subsides, the former reef, beaches, and lagoonal distributary channels (through which the ebbing and flooding tidal waters were carried) showed in bright, almost luminous blues in the crystal-clear North Pacific waters.
		Below: Another 200 kilometers southeast, a further reminder of the subsiding platform of the Hawaiian chain appeared beneath the deep blue of the sea.
		The old distributary channels are still visible, along with a few of the lagoonal coral knolls, but the surrounding reef is too deep and eroded to be seen, despite the great clarity of the ocean's waters.
	daac.gsfc.nasa.gov /oceancolor/shuttle_oceanography_web/oss_22.shtml (203 words)

	Hawaii Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary: IMDC August 7 News
		Derelict fishing gear (marine debris made up mostly of natural fiber and synthetic lines from trawl, drift, seine and gill nets) is blamed for abrading coral reefs, advancing the introduction of alien marine species and entangling wildlife.
		Focusing their efforts on the French Frigate Shoals, Lisianski Island and Pearl and Hermes Reef, and with the aid of the Coast Guard Cutter Walnut and the NOAA research vessel Townsend-Cromwell, five small boats and
		The derelict gear is brought back to the islands where it is buried in landfill or used as filters in aquaculture projects.
	www.hihwnms.nos.noaa.gov /special_offerings/sp_off_imdc/news/aug_7_news2.html (567 words)

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