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	Croatian Peasant Party -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Croatian Peasant Party ((A member of the Slavic people living in Croatia) Croatian: Hrvatska seljačka stranka, HSS) was formed in 1905 by Ante Radić along with his brother (additional info and facts about Stjepan Radić) Stjepan Radić.
		Despite the party's efforts, the kingdom was established, and the HSS became an opposition party in parliament.
		Some party members were divided among those who sympathized with the Croatian fascist (additional info and facts about Ustasha) Ustasha independence movement, and those whose left-leaning beliefs led them to join the (A fervent and even militant proponent of something) Partisans.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/cr/croatian_peasant_party.htm (629 words)

	Encyclopedia: Polish Peasant Party
		The Polish Peasant Party (Polish: Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe) is a political party in Poland.
		After Poland regained independence, the party merged with agrarian groups from territories previously occupied by Imperial Russia and formed the first PSL led by Wincenty Witos, which was one of the most important political parties in the Second Polish Republic, until it was removed by the Sanacja.
		The party run in the 2004 European Parliament election as part of the European People's Party and has received 6% votes, which gave it 4 of 54 seats reserved for Poland in the European Parliament.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Polish-Peasant-Party (3005 words)

	Search Results for peasant - Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Peasants in the countryside, meanwhile, carried on their own kind of rebellion, which combined traditional aspirations and anxieties with support of the patriot cause.
		One characteristic of undeveloped peasant agriculture is its self-sufficiency.
		Close-knit peasant communities do change, of course; but it is their resistance to change that commands attention in modern times, when virtually all other institutions are committed to rapid change.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=peasant&submit=Find&source=MWTAB (368 words)

	About The Polish Peasants' Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The ideology of Polish Peasants' Party is inspired by Christian ethics and the social doctrine of the Catholic Church, and in particular by the social thought of pope John Paul II.
		The Polish Peasants' party notes that the constitutional duties of the State in the area of culture are met to an unsatisfactory degree.
		In the Party's opinion, it is necessary to increase the outlays for culture in the State Budget to the level of at least 1 per cent of GNP, and the expenditures on culture in the rural regions shall not be less than 3 per cent of municipality budgets.
	www.psl.org.pl /konf/psleng.htm (2518 words)

	Polish People’s Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Peasant Party, created in 1926, was very significant as far as propagating the symbols of the people’s movement is concerned.
		They were becoming the symbol of common pursuits of millions of rural population, the declaration of peasant sacrifice and devotion in the most difficult moments of endanger of the existence of the Polish statehood.
		The members of the people’s party acting in the United People’s Party were preserving historical traditions and symbols of the people’s movement, commemorating its main leaders and organizers.
	www.psl.pl /english/sat.php (1109 words)

	James Miller, Center for Austrian Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Although a peasants' league (Bauernbund) was, for example, established in Tyrol already in 1904, it operated chiefly in the northern part of the province, since regional loyalty to Bozen kept the South Tyrolian peasants from participating in a organization headquartered in Innsbruck.
		In addition, while the peasants by and large were no fans of the landed aristocracy and in the heat of revolutionary fervor had themselves agitated in 1918/19 for conversion of large estates into small peasant farms, they did not trust the Socialists to stop with expropriation of aristocratic property.
		Peasant League election campaigns emphasized the need to retain strict divorce laws and religious education in the schools as a way to preserve the authority of the Church and with it the socially nurturing influence of the clergy.
	www.cas.umn.edu /wp923.htm (11291 words)

	Poland - More Political Parties
		In mid-1992, the party of the Rural Solidarity farmers' union, the Peasant Alliance (Porozumienie Ludowe--PL) held two prominent positions in the Suchocka government, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources.
		In mid-1992 the Peasant Alliance and the Polish Peasant Party (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe--PSL) were still divided by their political backgrounds although they both represented Poland's large rural sector.
		Once the parties that were its traditional allies had repositioned themselves with Solidarity to install a noncommunist government, the PZPR had become a political relic.
	countrystudies.us /poland/86.htm (1335 words)

	Lenin: The Elections to the Duma and the Tactics of the Russian Social-Democrats
		In the first place, the peasants elect one delegate per ten house holds; these, in turn, elect a peasant delegate from among their number; the delegates so elected then elect a peasant elector, and the latter, together with electors from other social-estates, elect the deputies to the Duma.
		Party is in deciding whether to recognise the hegemony of the liberals or whether to strive for the hegemony of the working class in the bourgeois revolution.
		In the Caucasus the revolutionary peasant movement is very strong, the strength of the liberals is almost equal to that in Russia, but the Lefts are the strongest party there: the percentage of Lefts in the Duma (53.6%) is approximately the same as the percentage of deputies from the peasant curia (49%).
	www2.cddc.vt.edu /marxists/cd/cd1/Library/archive/lenin/works/1907/mar/27.htm (2884 words)

	History of Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Hosts of rebellious peasants traversed the country from end to end, furiously attacked castles, churches, and convents, and murdered noblemen and ecclesiastics.
		The discontent underlying the strikes was intensified by revelations of widespread corruption and mismanagement within the Polish state and party leadership.
		In 1997 parliamentary elections two parties with roots in the Solidarity movement--Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS) and the Freedom Union (UW)--won 261 of the 460 seats in the Sejm and formed a coalition government.
	www.historyofnations.net /europe/poland.html (2744 words)

	Tradition, Modernity, and Communism
		The Communist party, which presided over the new state, had no real tie to the proletariat it claimed to represent; the peasantry was without formal political representation; and the bourgeois classes were represented only in a most formal and meaningless sense.
		When Shue phrases one aim of the party’s agrarian reform in the new territories as “buying immediate peasant support with land” (41), it reveals that in Shue’s view, material incentives were used by the party as its primary appeal to the peasants.
		Yang is also aware that during land reform the Nanjing peasants were mobilized initially with material enticements, which successfully “aroused hatred among the poor against the rich” (145).
	orpheus.ucsd.edu /chinesehistory/pgp/jiangsui50sessay.htm (3241 words)

	HP d.d.- Stamps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Motif: Antun and Stjepan Radić, founders of the HPSS (Croatian People’s Peasant Party, Croatian acronym HPSS) and the relief Plowman by Robert Frangeš Mihanović.
		The poor economic state of the Croatian rural area and a rather low educational status of the peasants, many of whom were illiterate, were favourable for the founding of the party that made the policy of enlightening the peasants and the economic raising of the rural regions their main target.
		That sufficed for the authorities of the Yugoslav monarchy to outlaw the Croatian Republican Peasant Party and arrest Stjepan Radić.
	www.posta.hr /markeasp/index_e.asp?brmarke=526 (1017 words)

	AllRefer.com - Poland - Polish Peasant Party \| Polish Information Resource
		The rebirth of the moderate interwar Polish Peasant Party (PSL) began in the summer of 1989, when the United Peasant Party (Zjednoczone Stronnictwo Ludowe--ZSL) joined forces with Solidarity and Democratic Party deputies in the new Sejm to usher in a noncommunist government.
		The ZSL adopted the name Polish Peasant Party "Renewal" to distance itself from its past in the communist coalition; then it united with the largest existing opposition peasant party and resumed its original name.
		In 1992 the party's 180,000 dues-paying members made it the largest political party in the country.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/poland/poland216.html (381 words)

	Croatia - Political Parties
		Croatian Peasant Party (HSS) was founded in 1904 under Stjepan Radic and Vlatko Macek and represented roughly 80 to 90 percent of the Croatian electorate during the period between World War I and World War II.
		The HSS is best described as a moderate conservative party as it advocates traditional values, the role of family life in society, and social and economic stability as prime objectives.
		Croatian Party of Rights (HSP) was founded in 1990, and, despite its keen sense of nationalism and xenophobia, the HSP did not present a substantial threat to the HDZ’s power base largely because it has had a tendency to fragment.
	www.unc.edu /~vineyard/politicalparties.htm (610 words)

	The Pavelic Papers \| From the Ratline to the Firing Line (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Party of Right was formed by Ante Starcevic, an early devotee of what later became known as the Yugoslavist movement, which favoured the union of the Southern Slavs into a common state to stave off German, Turkish, and Italian imperialism in the Balkans.
		Party of Right membership in the 1920s was dwarfed by that of a more moderate Croat-based opposition, called the Croatian Peasant Party.
		Peasant Party leader Vladko Macek, who had originally welcomed the Ustase's formation of the Independent State of Croatia, found himself among the first internees at Jasenovac and watched as Croatia's Jewish population along with untold numbers of Serbs, Roma, and political dissidents passed through the gates on their way to extermination.
	www.pavelicpapers.com /features/essays/firingline.html (2371 words)

	[No title]
		Regional parties include the Republican Movement of the Crimea, which advocates Crimean secession from Ukraine, the Organization of the Crimean Tatar National Movement (which demands support for the return of Crimean Tatars to their homeland) and the Subcarpathian Republican Party, which proposes autonomy for Transcarpathia.
		The party is a rural counterpart of the SPU and is often regarded as anti-nationalist.
		The successor to the former Communist party, the SPU is headed by Oleksander Moroz, who was the leader of the Communist majority in the Parliament before the dissolution of that party in August 1991.
	www.brama.com /ua-gov/polorgs.txt (1834 words)

	CHAPTER IX
		The Party of the National Unity of the Romanians of Transylvania [PNUR], the political wing of the UVR, participated in the first parliamentary elections of May 1990, and obtained 2.12 percent of the votes and entered the legislature in the absence of any electoral minimum limit.
		Furthermore, the Party broke with unusual characters, such as the mayor of Cluj, Gheorghe Funar, who was accused of many verbal and administrative provocations toward the Hungarian minority or the authorities in Budapest.
		The party claimed that it wanted to breathe new life into the political body, by using new people who did not reject reforms meant to orient Romania toward the market economy, the only difference being that they opted for these reforms in a climate free of corruption and clientelism.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series04/IVA-22/chapter_ix.htm (5519 words)

	Political Parties and Movements in Azerbaijan
		The party was the first non-Communist party to be officially registered (June 1990), before the adoption of the "On Political Parties." The SDPA stands for the building of a civic society in an independent and democratic Azerbaijan.
		This small party was formed in 1991 by current chairman Mais Safarli to advocate on behalf of Azerbaijanis left by the breakup of the Soviet Union on the territories of separate, sovereign states.
		The goal of the party is building the state based on the rule of law, democracy and civic society, where human rights to confess as the higher common to all mankind values.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/election/azerbaijan/azparties.html (3419 words)

	Russia Research - Communist Party - Peasant Risings
		The inevitable result was the revolt of the peasants, in who’s eyes War Communism was in the end a return to serfdom and tsarism.
		There the peasants were alienated from their traditions (like religious practise) and confronted with an urban lifestyle.
		In the course of two to three years the displeasure of the peasantry escalated from evasive and rather peaceful means of opposition to War Communism, to fierce and violent protest and revolts.
	www.russisch.be /ronaldhermans/CP2.htm (1067 words)

	Croatian Peasant Party -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The party formed the almost constant opposition to the Serbian-dominated government of Yugoslavia after the foundation of...
		The success of the Cuban Revolution, which was accomplished without help from the Communist party or the Soviet Union, inspired rebel groups throughout Latin America with the belief that they could foment revolution without outside support as well.
		With a pantheon of famous leaders that included Mohandas K. Gandhi (known as the Mahatma), Subhas Chandra Bose, and Jawaharlal Nehru, the Congress party emerged during the period of India's independence movement to become the dominant political force in India throughout much of the 20th century.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9000708?tocId=9000708 (681 words)

	HSS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Political winds among supporters of the Croatian Peasant Party on the eve of the elections on the 22nd of March 1990 and the beginning of the multi-party system stimulated strongly the process of resumption of the Party, which is until today an important factor of Croatian politics and of creating of the Croatian state.
		The Party's establishment and further party life was marked by its founding fathers – firstly, brothers Stjepan and Antun Radić and their closest associates such as dr. Vladko Maček, dr. Juraj Krnjević, A. Košutić and others.
		Celebration of the 100th anniversary aims, in an appropriate and comprehensive way, to describe the Party's contribution to the political, cultural, economic and social progress in the past and in the modern development of a pluralist society and general prosperity of Croatia in the fold of European culture.
	www.hss.hr /english/100.php (848 words)

	Poland - POLITICAL PARTIES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The PZPR was formed in 1948 with the merger of the Polish United Workers' Party and the Polish Socialist Party.
		Typically, the United Peasant Party held 20 to 25 percent of the Sejm seats and the Democratic Party received about 10 percent.
		Despite the nominal diversity of the Sejm, the noncommunist parties had little impact, and the Sejm was essentially a rubber-stamp body that enacted legislation approved by the central decision-making organs of the PZPR.
	countrystudies.us /poland/80.htm (395 words)

	Elections to the Duma and Tactics of Russian S.D.s (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In the first place, the peasants elect one delegate per ten households; these, in turn, elect a peasant delegate from among their number; the delegates so elected then elect a peasant elector and the latter, together with electors from other social-estates, elect the deputies to the Duma.
		The essence of the dispute between the two wings of the Russian Social-Democratic Party is in deciding whether to recognise the hegemony of the liberals or whether to strive for the hegemony of the working class in the bourgeois revolution.
		Landowners in Russia are divided, according to the system of farming, into those that run their farms in a semi-feudal manner, employing the animals and implements of the peasants (the peasants are in bondage to the landlord), and those who now run their farms in the modern, capitalist manner.
	www.marx2mao.com /Lenin/EDTSD07.html (2894 words)

	The Polish Government and the Underground State!
		His early interest in the peasant movement led to further activity in politics and after holding a number of offices in the communal self-government of his own province, he was elected to the Sejm (Polish Diet) in his twenty-ninth year.
		In 1935 he became Vice-Chairman of the executive committee of the Polish Peasant Party, the largest enfranchised group, and in 1937 was called upon to accept the Presidency of the party.
		It was largely owing to his cooperation that the most radical Polish peasant groups were able to unite and form the largest Polish democratic party which in coalition with socialistic workers and other groups undis-putedly represents in the exile the overwhelming majority of Polish democracy.
	bolekchrobry.tripod.com /polishinformationcenter19391945/id12.html (11042 words)

	Of Lobsters and Poles
		However you look at the figures, the parties connected with the economic policy implemented in the past four years got something like a quarter of the total vote; this roughly corresponds to the proportion of people estimated to be either very much better off or no worse off than before.
		Although the Peasant Party won the premiership, the senior partner in the coalition, responsible for economic policy, is the Democratic Left Alliance and its backbone, the Polish Social Democracy, a party not easy to define.
		Though it did not capture all the farm vote and gained quite a lot of support outside rural areas, the Peasant Party is essentially a class party, reflecting the paradoxes of Polish agriculture.
	www.thenation.com /doc/19931220/singer (1685 words)

	Glossary of People: Ra
		Founder of the Croatian Peasant Party in 1905.
		Joined Communist Party as a student in Budapest; fought with International Brigade in Spain, where he was wounded, returning secretly to Budapest in 1938, where he worked under cover and played a leading role in the resistance.
		Leader of the powerful Austrian Social Democratic Party after World War I, was a founder of the short-lived Two-and-a-Half International before he returned to the Second International.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/people/r/a.htm (1077 words)

	Munzer, Thomas. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		After the Peasants’ War (1524–25) broke out Münzer and the radical priest Henry Pfaiffer succeeded in taking over the Mühlhausen town council and set up a communistic theocracy in its place.
		Upon the defeat of the peasant party, Münzer was beheaded.
		Münzer’s fiery rhetoric influenced the Anabaptists with whom he is sometimes identified, although he rejected the practice of baptism altogether.
	www.bartleby.com /65/mu/Munzer.html (285 words)

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