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Topic: Peat bog

	Wikipedia: Bog
		The term peat bog in common usage is therefore somewhat redundant, although it would be proper to call these sphagnum bogs if the peat is comprised mostly of acidophilic moss (peat moss or Sphagnum spp.).
		Bog waters are acidic due to the accumulated decaying vegetation.
		Bog snorkeling is popular in England and Wales and has even produced the associated sport of mountain bike bog snorkeling.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/b/bo/bog.html (476 words)

	Bog - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term peat bog in common usage is not entirely redundant, although it would be proper to call these sphagnum bogs if the peat is composed mostly of acidophilic moss (peat moss or Sphagnum spp.).
		Bogs are widely distributed in cold, temperate climates, mostly in the northern hemisphere (Boreal).
		Crops of blueberries, cranberries and lingonberries are grown in bogs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peat_bog (1000 words)

	Peat Mining (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Peat is an organic substance that forms layers and accumulates when the decomposition rate of plant materials is slower that the plant growth rate.
		Peat harvesting in other parts of Canada are much more extensive, thus the peat there takes hundreds of years to regenerate the same volume once there.
		This differed from the campaign to stop peat land destruction in Europe, as forces there called for preserving the individual qualities of peat lands such as their role as essential ecosystems, habitat for plants and animals, records of past environments and human history, genetic resources and educational tools.
	www.uvm.edu /~jplourde/NR260/Peat_Mining.html (1208 words)

	Bogs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bogs and fens are the two major types of peat land (defined as areas where the soil is covered with at least one foot of peat).
		Peat mosses and a variety of other plants grow in a slightly acidic, neutral or even alkaline (up to pH=8) environment, and generate peat with a relatively high ash content (about 10%).
		Nutrients are scarce, and, in their competition for light, the plants have to adapt to the growth pattern of peat moss (zigzag banding from vigorous growth in summer followed by enormous compression of the moss structures in winter).
	www.botanik.univie.ac.at /pershome/temsch/bogs.html (1060 words)

	N. M. Holden
		Milled peat used for energy is produced by scarifying the surface of a drained peat bog using a milling machine.
		The peat type, depth of milling and weather are the main factors influencing the water content of a milled peat layer.
		Samples of milled peat were taken from over 70 locations across a bog complex and used to derive an algorithm for calibrating the image data to produce a map (2) which would be suitable for machine depth control.
	www.ucd.ie /agri/html/homepage/research_96_99/research_1998_99/Engineering/Eng5.html (934 words)

	Burns Bog - David Blevins Nature Photography
		The soil of a raised peat bog is a wet mound of slowly decomposing organic matter.
		Raised peat bogs occur in areas where the water table is at or near the surface for most of the year and flat topography inhibits drainage of that water.
		The natural communities of plants in a raised peat bog are adapted to and dependant on the highly organic soils and the acidic high water table.
	www.blevinsphoto.com /burnsbog.htm (882 words)

	What is a Peat Bog?
		Peat bogs are areas of great natural beauty, as well as being rich in wild plants, insects and animals.
		Peat bogs are rich in diversity of plants and wildlife, some of which are unique to these environments.
		Peat was used for centuries as fuel, but these days gardeners get through huge amounts in the form of compost, growbags and peat pots; the solid bales are even used for garden walls.
	www.backyardgardener.com /article/green/896.htm (1057 words)

	[No title]
		Bogs are unique ecological communities found in most climatic zones of the world from the high latitudes to the equatorial region.
		All bogs depend on water for their existence and the first determination that must be made in the classification of a bog is the means by which the bog receives water.
		In the United States, the principle use for peat and peat moss are as soil amendments which are used to enhance the texture and water holding capacity of agricultural soils.
	www.emporia.edu /earthsci/student/eslick2/bog_report.html (5586 words)

	Sustainable Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Peat moss is not being over-harvested and prices are lower today than they have been in the past 10 years.
		Because peat moss is harvested at such a slow rate, in the 60 odd years since the industry began, less than 5,000 acres of peatland are ready for restoration.
		Peat moss used in horticulture is not being destroyed; rather it is being harvested in a part of the world that has a surplus, and added to the soil in a part of the world that is in short supply of organic matter.
	www.arkent.com /Sustainable.htm (2570 words)

	Cutover & Cutaway Bogs -
		In its undrained state the bog is 95% water and is not solid enough to support the weight of machinery.
		At this stage all of the surface vegetation is removed, the bog is leveled and a network of light railways are laid across the bog.
		Peat Briquettes are produced in three factories, Croghan and Derrinlough in Co. Offaly and Littleton in Co. Tipperary Peat for horticultural use is derived from the Sphagnum moss content of the bog and is processed at three horticultural plants.
	www.ipcc.ie /cbmilling.html (392 words)

	Autumn Colors--Estonian Bogs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Peat bogs may also display equally impressive golden yellow, orange and red colors in late summer and early autumn.
		Active peat moss is bright red and pink, whereas pine trees are dark violet in the color-infrared picture.
		Active peat growth is concentrated around the margins of pools, as shown by bright pink-red in the color-infrared picture.
	www.geospectra.net /kite/estonia/color/color.htm (1205 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - Peat bogs harbour carbon time bomb
		The world’s peat bogs are haemorrhaging carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, accelerating global warming, warns a UK researcher.
		Peat bogs are a vast natural reservoir of organic carbon.
		But speculation has been rife about why the peat bogs are giving up their carbon in the first place.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn6124 (609 words)

	Peat Moss, Using peat moss in lawn and gardens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Canadian Sphagnum Peat Moss is derived from the slow decomposition of sphagnum moss which accumulates in Canada’s bogs (or peatlands).
		Peat is renewable and in terms of its accumulation, peat in Canada is growing more than 70 times as fast as it is being harvested.
		Peat moss speeds the composting process, reduces odours and controls air and water in the compost pile.
	www.hortsource.com /featuresPeat.htm (1243 words)

	Kite aerial photographs of Endla peat bog, Estonia
		The raised peat bog is the ultimate development, in which peat has grown to a level above the surrounding terrain.
		The raised peat bog is isolated from adjacent environments and remains a stable and long-lasting element of the landscape.
		The bog center is visible in the middle distance, and Endla Lake appears in the far left.
	www.geospectra.net /kite/estonia/endla.htm (699 words)

	ASNH Ponemah Bog Sanctuary
		After the still whiteness of winter, when the bog is encircled by silent hoary spruces, the magenta bloom of rhodora explodes in May. In summer, clouds of bog cotton float above the mat, punctuated by the fleeting blossoms of pink orchids.
		Near the older, outer rim of the bog, the peat mat is thick enough to support shrubs and stunted trees, and tapers in thickness toward the edge of the pond.
		Bogs are colossal sponges, moderating the effects of flood and drought.
	www.nhaudubon.org /sanctuaries/ponemah.htm (1464 words)

	IPCC Growing Wiser Wilflife Gardening - Going Peat Free in Your Garden
		Bogs carry on growing for thousands of years and are home to many rare dragonflies, butterflies and birds.
		To extract peat, the bog is drained and the surface stripped of vegetation, a process which kills the bog.
		Bogs and their wildlife are destroyed by peat mining worldwide.
	www.ipcc.ie /peatfree.html (942 words)

	Anthony Villaruel
		Among the major threats that destroy Burns Bog, the greatest human induced threat is the mining of peat (Graham et al.
		Peat is used in everything from a fertilizer to an effective technique of medication for skin conditions, burns and even poor eyesight (The Burns Bog Conservation Society.
		Although the use of peat is very beneficial, extracting it from the earth can have devastating effects.
	www.zoology.ubc.ca /bio1/BogWeb/StuRep03/Mining_Villaruel.htm (378 words)

	Clinton Recorder - News - 08/26/2003 - PZC approves 'Cranberry Lane' but takes its peat bog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The modification assigns the peat bog within the Pond Meadow Road land parcel to open space and "dedicates" that open space to the Killingworth Land Conservation Trust.
		On that earlier application, the peat bog was given to the KLCT as part of the open space.
		The peat bog is particularly important and is most likely the sources of these plants....
	www.zwire.com /site/news.cfm?newsid=10060280&BRD=1634&PAG=461&dept_id=8416&rfi=6 (1048 words)

	Study area - Homepage Wiebe Borren
		My study area is the Vasyugan peat bog complex at the water divide between the rivers Ob and Irtish in Western Siberia, Russia.
		The Vasyugan area is called a peat bog complex because it consists of several connected peatlands.
		The Vasyugan Peat Bog complex is situated at the water divide between the rivers Ob and Irtish (see red form on picture).
	www.frw.ruu.nl /fg/wborren/studyarea.htm (291 words)

	M.P.B. & N.R.L.R: Short For Mopsey Peat Bog & Nature Reserve Light Railway
		Mopsey Peat Bog and Nature Reserve Light Railway is a 09 Layout and is availwable for exhibitions.
		oposite him is the pumping station which is used to pump water to the peat bog to keep it moist.
		The peat bog is always busy and full of action and is improving all the time.
	www.freewebs.com /peatbog (274 words)

	quoddyhead1
		Steep rock cliffs, a peat bog and trees shaped by harsh winds characterize the park's environment.
		Peat in its natural state is about 90% moisture and 10% organic matter and is the first stage in the formation of coal.
		The Peat is quite fragile and a footprint in it may last as long as two years.
	www.rvtravelog.com /quoddyhead.dir/quoddyhead1.htm (700 words)

	About Bogs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A bog is a type of wetland with soil composed of partially decomposed organic material known as peat.
		In Richmond, bogs first developed at the eastern end of Lulu Island, on land areas formed long ago from silt and debris deposited at what was then the mouth of the Fraser River.
		Before achieving its current raised peat stage, the Lulu Island bog went through salt marsh, sedge and heath stages as the island grew to the west and the course of the river became farther removed.
	www.geog.ubc.ca /courses/klink/g448/2000/rnp/bog.htm (722 words)

	USACE-Pittsburgh District Internet Site
		These ancient peat deposits will be radiocarbon dated to find out how old the material is -- seeds, pine needles, sedges, and other vegetation have been identified at Leetsdale.
		Peat layers are referred to as lenses (singular is lens) because they occur in a relatively restricted location.
		In fact archaeologists excavated an exploratory hole in the summer of 2000 about 50 feet from where this peat deposit was found and there was no indication of peat at that location.
	www.lrp.usace.army.mil /lmon/arch1.htm (420 words)

	AI Europa - The Peat Bog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Floridan bog brains were found during the excavations of Windover Pond, near Titusville (near Cape Canaveral?) in 1984.
		The usual explanation of the bog bodies is that they were sacrificial victims, or that it was a punishment.
		As some of the bodies appeared to have been killed quickly and laid to rest with some care, while others were killed in rather violent ways before they were chucked in the peat bogs, these are probably both good reasons.
	www.antiquatedideas.com /cgi-antiquatedideas/europa/topic.cgi?forum=53&topic=6 (805 words)

	Peat-free gardening - The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
		The large-scale removal of peat from bogs in Britain and Ireland is destroying one of our most precious wildlife habitats.
		It takes centuries for a peat bog to form, with its special wildlife - modern machinery destroys it in days.
		Peat alternatives are available in most garden centres and DIY stores, or you can use your own compost.
	www.rspb.org.uk /gardens/whatyoucando/peat/index.asp (224 words)

	FOR PEAT’S SAKE, ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES IN A PEAT BOG PRESERVATION PROJECT, CEDAR RIVER ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Unusual aspects of the work included assessment of bog health, interpretation of groundwater data in peat, construction with heavy equipment in a wetland over blue clay substrate, structural capacity of the peat, isolating the living peat bog chemically from alkaline earth and rock, and archaeological impacts.
		Measurement of groundwater levels revealed that the exposed vertical peat face was dehydrating the 6-acre remaining bog.
		A 5-foot high berm 300 feet long was constructed along the mined face of the peat bog to protect and support an inert geomembrane that would seal the edge of the bog.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2002CD/finalprogram/abstract_34389.htm (516 words)

	WADING THROUGH THE PEAT BOG
		Moss peat, usually referred to as "peat moss," is the least decomposed of the three types.
		Moss peat is lightweight, acidic (pH 3 to 7) and varies in color from yellowish to dark-brown.
		Peat humus, also known as fl peat or Michigan peat, is quite heavy compared to the other peats.
	www.ext.vt.edu /departments/envirohort/factsheets2/landsnurs/jan91pr5.html (710 words)

	Burns Bog Conservation Society » Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Burns Bog is a raised peat bog located in Delta, British Columbia, Canada.
		Burns Bog is a treasure of a special kind, in part due to its sheer size, making it home to many beautiful and rare plants, animals and insects.
		Still, over 422 acres of the bog remain in private hands and the Society will continue to see to the conservation of the bog in its entirety, for future generations.
	www.burnsbog.org (267 words)

	Vertical drain in peat bog
		A12-story office tower went up on schedule in suburban Chicago despite an unexpected peat bog that threatened to delay the entire project.
		The peat bog was covered with filter fabric and a 9" lift of crushed stone before wicks were installed.
		A 9’ thick surcharge of heavy clay is placed atop vertical and horizontal drain systems to squeeze water out of the bog and compact the soft subsoils.
	www.geotechnics.com /projects/peatbog.htm (916 words)

	Featured Mummy: Lindow Man
		A year later, on August 1, 1984, he was working with Eddie Slack, placing blocks of peat onto an elevator that would transport them to a shredding mill, when he looked at one block of peat and noticed what he thought was a piece of wood embedded in it.
		Five days later, in the presence of several paleobotanists and a biologist, the block of peat containing Lindow Man was cut, placed on a sheet of plywood, and transported to a local hospital.
		Because his body was rather flattened and his face squashed by the layers of heavy peat bog pressing against the body, scientists wanted to get a more realistic picture of the 2,000-year-old man.
	www.mummytombs.com /mummylocator/featured/lindowman.htm (1620 words)

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