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Topic: Pecheneg language

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	EZGeography - Pecheneg
		Pechenegs or Patzinaks, also known as Besenyők, were a semi-nomadic steppes people of Central Asia that spoke a Turkic language.
		Driven further west by the Khazars and Cumans by 889, the Pechenegs in turn drove the Magyars west of the Dnieper River by 892.
		A long-time menace to the Kievan Rus, Pecheneg warriors ambushed and killed Sviatoslav I, Prince of Kiev in 972.
	www.ezgeography.com /encyclopedia/Pechenegs (465 words)

	Pecheneg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pechenegs or Patzinaks (in Hungarian: Besenyők), were a semi-nomadic steppes people of Central Asia that spoke a Turkic language.
		The Pechenegs were so successful that they drove out the Magyars remaining in Etelköz in the and forced them westward up the lower Danube, and towards the Pannonian plain.
		After centuries of Balkan warfare involving the Byzantine Empire, Bulgars, Varangian Rus and Magyars, the Pechenegs were routed at by a combined Byzantine and Cuman army in 1061.
	butte-silverbow.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Pechenegs (629 words)

	Pecheneg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Pechenegs controlled much of the steppes of southwestern Eurasia and the Crimean Peninsula during the 9th century.
		The Pechenegs were so successful that they drove out the Magyars remaining in Etelköz in the Pontic steppes and forced them westward up the lower Danube, Transdanubia and towards the Pannonian plain.
		For some time, significant communities of Pechenegs still remained in Hungary, but finally the Pechenegs ceased to be a distinct people and assimilated into neighboring peoples such as the Bulgars, Magyars and Gagauz.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pechenegs (635 words)

	Pecheneg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Pechenegs controlled much of the southern Russian steppes and the Crimean Peninsula dunring the 9th century.
		The Pechenegs were kept as allies by the Byzantines who used them to fend off the more dangerous Russians and Magyars.
		The Pechenegs were so successful that the Magyars were permanently driven away into what was to become the Kingdom of Hungary.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/P/Pecheneg.htm (243 words)

	Turkic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Turkic languages are a group of related languages that are spoken by a variety of people distributed across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China.
		The Turkic languages are considered by some linguists to be part of the Altaic language family.
		Turkic languages are agglutinative and exhibit phonological vowel harmony.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turkic_language (294 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Speaking about the language of the Eastern European Jases as an Iranian one should keep in mind that the Old Rus?ian chroniclers mention Ambal Jasin, whose name in Ossetian means "comrade", as one of the killers of Andrey Bogolubsky.
		By the beginning of the 10th century the so-called "Turkic Pechenegs" occupied predominating positions in the steppes of the Northern Black Sea region; the so-called "Khazar Pechenegs" settled in the steppes of the Volga and Don region.
		Confirmation of this should be sought in peculiarities of language and culture of that group of Slavs who lived adjacent to the Iranian world for a long time, that is, the population of the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Russia and Ukraine.
	www.kroraina.com /alan/gilan_uar_net_nasu_ios_summary1.html (4384 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Pechenegs controlled much of the southeastern European steppes and the Crimean Peninsula during the 9th century.
		Long a menace to Kievan Rus, Pecheneg warriors ambushed and killed Sviatoslav I, Prince of Kiev in 972.
		According to the Chronicle of Bygone Years, the Pecheneg khan made a chalice of Sviatoslav's skull.
	www.alanaditescili.net /index.php?title=Pechenegs (211 words)

	Kypchakia. Who is Kypchakia? What is Kypchakia? Where is Kypchakia? Definition of Kypchakia. Meaning of Kypchakia.
		Kypchakia is a non-sovereign region in the current Commonwealth of Independent States where homelands of major Kypchak-Turkic speaking peoples are located, stretching from Kyrgyzstan in the East to Northern Caucasus/Chuvashia in the West, and Riazan in the North to Kazakhstan to the South.
		Greater Kypchakia also includes the Russian-Ukrainian steppes, the Carpathians, Transylvania where historical Pecheneg, Cumans, and Magyars held sway, and the bulk of Siberia where many forest peoples have strong connections with the Turkic pastoral culture of the steppes.
		The Kypchak language is gathering popularity among Tatars, Bashkirs, Russians, Kazakhs and diverse ethnic/religious groups as a vital, creative new lingua franca of eastern Russian Federation.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Kypchakia (250 words)

	FERENCZI István: A Few Questions Concerning the Geographical Name Galat=Galats (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pecheneg groups of people appeared mainly by the beginning of 10th century during the reign of Taksony, the Grand Duke (955-972), and they had an increasing role in Transylvania.
		It has to be underlined that the opinion of the author concerning the Petcheneg people has in the smallest degree anything in common with the thesis of Şt.
		Taking into consideration the geographical names of Transylvania mainly the south-eastern and north-eastern parts of the land were occupied by larger groups of Pecheneg people and their settlement is possible also in the north-, north-western parts of the territories populated by the Székely people.
	www.cosys.ro /acta/cikkek/eng/ferenczi1.htm (452 words)

	Turkic peoples (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Turkic languages belong to the Altaic language group and is one of the most geographically widespread in the world, spoken in a geography spanning from Europe to Siberia.
		It is sometimes claimed further that much of the separation is the result of Stalinism, and that prior to the founding of the Soviet Union, the term "Turkish" had been used to describe all Turkic peoples as part of a greater family.
		The various Turkic languages are usually considered in geographical groupings, since high mobility and intermixing of Turkic peoples in history makes an exact classification extremely difficult: Oghuz (or Southwestern) languages, Kypchak (or Northwestern) languages, Eastern languages (like Uygur) and Northern languages (like Altay and Yakut) and divergent languages like Chuvash.
	toshare.info /en/Turks.htm (2915 words)

	Simeon I of Bulgaria
		The newly devised Glagolitic alphabet enabled the use of the Bulgarian language in administration, in literature and liturgy, and in 893 a national council adopted Bulgarian as official language in the Bulgarian state and church.
		The written Bulgarian language was soon firmly established with translations from Greek and new hagiographies.
		Learning centres in Preslav and Ohrid created works of literature in Slavic, which was the first time in Europe that a language other than the traditionally sacred tongues Hebrew, Latin and Greek were used.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Simeon_I_of_Bulgaria (529 words)

	The Maygars of Hungary
		In 889, the Magyars under their leader Arpad, apparently fleeing the Turkic steppe race known as the Pechenegs (or Patzinaks) landed in the middle of a war between Byzantium and Bulgaria.
		This area was nominally under Frankish rule, but had been sparsely populated since Charlemagne’s destruction of the Avar state in 803 and the Magyars were able to move in virtually unopposed.
		Friendly relations were begun with Byzantium (the Hungarian royal crown was Byzantine work), and Stephen’s son and heir married a Byzantine princess and Stephen had his own Varangian Guard in imitation of the Byzantine Emperor.
	www.geocities.com /egfrothos/magyars/magyars.html (2178 words)

	Dictionary of Meaning www.mauspfeil.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		I move that their languages be included in your lists & other categorizations (no matter the complications this may bring to linguistic description & theory & whatever).
		The only Gurage language we currently have is Soddo language, which belongs to neither of those.
		I propose that (at least) any Y and Z languages that have wikipedia pages should be included here with the complete list; we would then change the text that reads "only some major languages are included here" to "languages with wikipedia pages are included here" or something similar.
	www.mauspfeil.net /List_of%20languages.html (989 words)

	Turkic languages -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Turkic languages are considered by some (A specialist in linguistics) linguists to be part of the (Click link for more info and facts about Altaic language family) Altaic language family.
		The Turkic language with the greatest number of speakers is (A Turkic language spoken by the Turks) Turkish.
		Turkic languages are (Click link for more info and facts about agglutinative) agglutinative and exhibit phonological (Click link for more info and facts about vowel harmony) vowel harmony.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/T/Tu/Turkic_languages.htm (502 words)

	HEALING THE HURTS OF NATIONS by Palden Jenkins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Language is a major keynote of cultural origins.
		Sanskrit, the language of the Aryans, became the lingua franca of India.
		They introduced feudalism, Latin as the language of government and Norman French as the language of contemporary literature, strongly influencing Church organisation and architecture.
	www.palden.co.uk /hhn/glossary.html (20726 words)

	Turkic languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Turkic languages are a group of closely related languages that are spoken by a variety of peopledistributed across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China.
		Turkic languages are agglutinative and exhibitphonological vowel harmony.
		Ponto-Caspian: Karachay-Balkar, Kumyk, Karaim, Judeo-CrimeanTatar, Pecheneg (extinct), Kuman (extinct)
	www.therfcc.org /turkic-languages-15123.html (179 words)

	Karachay Balkar Explorer
		The translator of the ‘History of Judean war by Josephus Flavius’ (written in 70 AD) to Old Russian language the ethnonim Alans translates by a word Yass and, without a shadow of doubt, asserts that the ‘language of Yasses is known as born from the Pecheneg kin’ [Meschersky N.A., 1958, 454].
		Al Biruni as a scientist declares that the language of Asses and Alans reminds the languages of Khoresmians and Pechenegs [Klyashtornyi S.G.,1964, 174-175].
		And as stated by Al Biruni, the Khoresmian language was close to Pechenegian, which, in turn, as acknowledged by the interpreter of Joseph Flavius, resembled Alanian-Yass language.
	karachaymalkar.bravehost.com /whoarealans.html (7304 words)

	St. Cyril and St. Methodius-European Saint Patron
		The modern Bulgarian literary language is characterized by dropping of the case forms, by the use of the definite article, by nine tenses, four moods, etc.
		And most importantly, at the 893 Council the Bulgarian Slavonic language was declared to be the official administrative and church language.
		Old Bulgarian was firmly established as a language, contributing to the survival of the nation at least as much as the sword did, and to the fame of Tsar Simeon, rightfully called Bulgaria's Charles the Great.
	www.macedoniainfo.com /cyrill_and_methodius.htm (3972 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: List_of_languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ethnologue lists about 6,800 main languages in its language name index (see the external link) and distinguishes about 41,000 alternate language names and dialects.
		This list deals with particular languages, and includes only natural languages spoken or signed by humans.
		See List of languages by name: Z for about 50 more.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=List_of_languages (839 words)

	ancientlanguages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The language of diplomacy and culture from the 3rd Millennium BC to the early 1st Millennium.
		An ancient language of Iran, and the language of the Median Empire.
		A language of the coast of the Netherlands, and the North Sea coast of Germany.
	talismanfantasy.fateback.com /ancientlanguages.htm (2001 words)

	Articles - Turkic peoples (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Comparisons of the ancient Sumerian language with modern Turkic languages (labeled as Ural-Altaic) have allegedly shown some common vocabulary.
		Based on these comparisons, it has been claimed that the Sumerians were the most ancient documented Turkic people, and that they originated east of the Caspian Sea, but established a civilization in Mesopotamia.
		Further, the classification of languages into an "Ural-Altaic" group is often criticised, due to a perceived lack of evidence or obvious similarities between the languages so classified.
	foodiechocolate.com /articles/Turkic_people?... (3066 words)

	The Vazul-line (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the 10-11th centuries the Pechenegs ruled Etelköz, the territory that used to be the home of the Hungarians, and they launched military campaigns against the Byzantine empire, Old Russia and the Hungarian Kingdom.
		From the middle of the 10th century in a work entitled "How to Govern the Empire?" by Byzantine emperor, Constantine VII.
		During the 10-12th centuries certain Pecheneg groups settled down in Hungary, the others merged with other peoples.
	mek.oszk.hu /01900/01955/html/index32.html (98 words)

	Simeon I of Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		To break away from Byzantine religious influence he replaced the Greek liturgy with Bulgarian.
		He moved quickly and forcefully The newly devised Cyrillic alphabet enabled the use of the Bulgarian language in administration, in literature and liturgy, and in 893 a national council adopted Bulgarian as official language in the Bulgarian state and church.
		Simeon lured the Serbian king and the Pecheneg chief to his side, away from an attempted alliance with the Byzantines.
	www.theezine.net /s/simeon-i-of-bulgaria.html (526 words)

	Turkic languages - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Turkic languages are a group of closely related languages that are used by a variety of people distributed in a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China.
		Turkic languages are agglutinative and also have special phonetic feature called synharmonism.
		Various elements have passed to Turkic languages especially from Chinese, Persian and Arabic languages and various elements from Turkic languages have been carried as far as Southeastern Asia, Northernmost territories of Russia and even Northern America.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Turkic_language (172 words)

	Kievan Rus Database (1036) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He imposed his own version of the Roman imperium, ideologically centered at the Cathedral of St. Sophia in Kiev and based on the Novgorodian legal system.
		Yaroslav adopted Church Slavonic -- which, following the fall of the Danube Bulgars, was without an owner -- as his realm's sacred and legal language.
		A large Pecheneg army beseiged Kiev until defeated by Prince Yaroslav with Varangian and Novgorodian contingents.
	members.aol.com /eustaxij/1036.html (77 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		There were contacts with Pechenegs since >Simeon (early Xth c.) when they attacked together the Magyars.
		The pechenegs settled in >N, NE Bulgaria later, after it was subjugated by the Byzantines in the >beginning of the XI c.
		I would say unlikely to be a loan from tu"rku"t, just can't be a cognate with oghuric.
	groznijat.tripod.com /sci_lang/461047249.txt (343 words)

	List of languages -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		(Language of the people of Cebu in the Philippines; its lexicon contributes to the official language of the Philippines) Cebuano ((The branch of the Austronesian languages spoken from Madagascar to the central Pacific) Malayo-Polynesian)
		(The language of the Hittites and the principal language of the Anatolian group of languages; deciphered from cuneiform inscriptions) Hittite ((An extinct branch of the Indo-European family of languages known from inscriptions and important in the reconstruction of Proto-Indo European) Anatolian)
		(The dialect of Malay used as the national language of the Republic of Indonesia or of Malaysia) Indonesian ((The branch of the Austronesian languages spoken from Madagascar to the central Pacific) Malayo-Polynesian)
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/li/list_of_languages.htm (5960 words)

	TOPONYMY AND ETHNIC REALITIES AT THE LOWER DANUBE
		Aspron means "white" in the Pecheneg language, as it resulted also from the text, it could only be Rom.
		Beside the "Barbarian nations", very different by their origins, languages and even political interests, there were also Roman establishments, having an essentially military functions, in order to preserve a political stability in the region, in the sense of assuring the Christian New Rome's security on the Bosphorus.
		Undoubtedly, it is about a Pecheneg term that could only mean "city", since it is about "abandoned cities" and the term is also utilized in the explanations about the "city" of Aspron and is retaken in the name of the city on the Dniester in Romanian, Slavonic or Greek.
	www.geocities.com /serban_marin/brezeanu2002.html (11460 words)

	Russia Travel Forums - View topic - The Khazars
		It is also significant that Tshagataish, the language of the Khazar Jews, a Turkish dialect, is still spoken in Poland, Hungary, and Lithuania by the Karaites, the Jewish sectarians whose homeland was originally in the Crimea.
		The Khazar language is said to belong to the group Bolgar languages (considered to be a division of Western(North Western): Chuvash, Bolgar (extinct).
		Karaim is a close language to the original Khazar language and is still spoken by Karaite Jews in Lithuania and Ukraine.
	www.waytorussia.net /TalkLounge/conversation1802.html (10858 words)

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