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	IV. Myology. The Muscles Connecting the Upper Extremity to the Anterior and Lateral Thoracic Walls. Gray, Henry. 1918. ...
		As the fascia leaves the lower edge of the Pectoralis major to cross the floor of the axilla it sends a layer upward under cover of the muscle; this lamina splits to envelop the Pectoralis minor, at the upper edge of which it is continuous with the coracoclavicular fascia.
		Below this it is thin, and at the upper border of the Pectoralis minor it splits into two layers to invest the muscle; from the lower border of the Pectoralis minor it is continued downward to join the axillary fascia, and lateralward to join the fascia over the short head of the Biceps brachii.
		—The Pectoralis major is supplied by the medial and lateral anterior thoracic nerves; through these nerves the muscle receives filaments from all the spinal nerves entering into the formation of the brachial plexus; the Pectoralis minor receives its fibers from the eighth cervical and first thoracic nerves through the medial anterior thoracic nerve.
	www.bartleby.com /107/122.html (1805 words)

	Military Medicine: Pectoralis Major Tendon Avulsion from Rappelling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Rupture of the pectoralis major is an uncommon injury.
		Pectoralis major injuries are classified according to the extent and location of the rupture.10 Type 1 injuries consist of a contusions or strains.
		The predominant lesion observed was an avulsion from the humerus.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3912/is_200402/ai_n9408146 (1179 words)

	The Physician and Sportsmedicine: Pectoralis Major Rupture
		Recognition of an acute pectoralis major rupture and early surgical intervention followed by a well-structured rehabilitation program are crucial to ultimate functional recovery.
		Ruptures and tears of the pectoralis major are most commonly seen in weight lifting but have been reported in many other sports, including wrestling, rodeo, football, boxing, water skiing, and sailboarding (1-5).
		Surgical treatment of complete pectoralis major ruptures has a clear advantage over conservative management in athletes and anyone who would be impeded by loss of strength (1-14) Pectoralis ruptures have been successfully repaired following delays of up to 5 years after injury, but best results are achieved with prompt recognition and surgery (14).
	www.physsportsmed.com /issues/1996/03_96/butcher.htm (2198 words)

	Chest Muscles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Pectoralis major is a large muscle which covers the upper chest anteriorly and contributes to the anterior axillary fold.
		The pectoralis major arises from the side of the sternum, the shaft of the clavicle, and cartilages of the first 7 ribs, with fibers converging to attach to the lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus.
		Pectoralis major is primarily a glenohumeral medial rotator and adductor, although it is also important in initiating glenohumeral flexion via its clavicular portion.
	people.musc.edu /~bacrotr/knee/chestmuscles.htm (192 words)

	Virtual Hospital: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus I: Muscular System: Alphabetical Listing ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In one study, pectoralis major was absent in three of 15,000 cases and in another study, the muscle was absent in five of 54,000 cases.
		Pectoralis minor reportedly originates from ribs 2,3, and 4, or 2, 3, 4, and 5 in 67% of subjects examined; in 24%, it arises from ribs 3,4, and 5.
		Pectoralis intermedius, a fleshy slip that arises from the third and fourth ribs, between pectoralis major and minor, and is inserted onto the coracoid process.
	www.vh.org /adult/provider/anatomy/AnatomicVariants/MuscularSystem/Text/P/08Pectoralis.html (3045 words)

	A novel cadaveric model for anterior-inferior shoulder dislocation using forcible apprehension positioning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		At dislocation, the magnitude of the pectoralis major muscle force, 609.6 N ± 65.2 N was similar to the compression force, 569.6 N ± 37.8 N. A cadaveric model yielded an anterior dislocation with a mechanism of forcible apprehension positioning when the appropriate shoulder muscles were simulated and a passive pectoralis major muscle was included.
		The pectoralis major tendon is a broad sheet from two distinct muscle heads, and the lowermost fibers of the sternal head have the most proximal insertion on the humerus.
		Pectoralis major rupture with simultaneous anterior dislocation of the shoulder.
	www.vard.org /jour/03/40/4/McMahon.html (4788 words)

	1051-1057
		The pectoralis major muscle, based on the thoracoacromial artery, was completely detached from the chest wall, humerus, clavicle, and the sternum.
		A small bridge of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major muscle was left intact over the thoracoacromial artery and vein to support the vascular pedicle.
		In traditional sliding or turn-over pectoralis major muscle flaps, the closure of the sternum is not feasible because of the presence of the muscle between the sternal margins.
	www.plasticsurgery.org /PSF/PSFHOME/educate/abstracts/Wednesday/B/1051-1057.htm (1190 words)

	Pectoralis major muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The clavicular head of the pectoralis major takes its origin from the anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle.
		The sternocostal head takes its origin from the anterior surface of the sternum, the superior six costal cartilages, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle.
		As a whole, the pectoralis major adducts and medially rotates the humerus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pectoralis_major_muscle (151 words)

	The Physician and Sportsmedicine: Rupture of the Pectoralis Major Muscle
		The patient's MRI revealed extensive tearing of the pectoralis major muscle near the musculotendinous junction, with a large amount of fluid collecting in the tissue planes within the muscle and spreading distally to the tendinous insertion.
		An appreciation of the anatomy of the pectoralis major is important for understanding the nature of injuries to this muscle complex (figure A).
		Pectoralis major muscle tears can occur in the muscle belly, at the musculotendinous junction, or at or near the distal insertion into the humerus.
	www.physsportsmed.com /issues/1997/08aug/selesnick.htm (1945 words)

	ProTrainerOnline.com
		The general shape of the pectoralis major is that of a "fan", meaning it has a wide origin on the clavicle, ribs 2 through 6 and sternum and tapers into a narrow insertion on the humerus.
		Although the pectoralis major has some influence on the movement of the shoulder girdle, its main action is on the arm.
		Ironically, a lat pull-down is as much a lower pectoralis major exercise as it is a latissimus dorsi exercise due to the adduction involved.
	www.protraineronline.com /past/nov1/trainingtip.cfm (1097 words)

	ProTrainerOnline.com
		The chest is comprised of the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor.
		The pectoralis major muscle aids the serratus anterior muscle in drawing the scapula forward as it moves the humerus in flexion and internal rotation.
		The pectoralis major is used powerfully in push-ups and pull-ups.
	www.protraineronline.com /past/dec16/optimizing.cfm (1095 words)

	Pectoralis major and upper back exerciser - US Patent 5788617 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Another object of the invention is to provide an exercise device which is capable of exercising the pectoralis major and upper back muscle groups, inner and outer thighs, deltoids, biceps and triceps, but small and compact enough to be portable.
		The pneumatic resistance is what the user works against to improve his or her strength in the pectoralis major and upper back muscle groups.
		While the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it will be understood that it is intended to cover all modifications and alternate methods falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims or their equivalents.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/5788617.html (2634 words)

	APStracts 5:0286A, 1998. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		During tracheobronchial cough, the pectoralis had an inspiratory pattern similar to the diaphragm in 10 animals, an expiratory pattern similar to the rectus abdominis in 3 animals, and a biphasic pattern in 2 animals.
		The pectoralis major was active during both the inspiratory and expiratory phases during laryngeal cough.
		We conclude that, in contrast to the diaphragm or rectus abdominis muscles, the pectoralis major is active during both inspiratory and expiratory pulmonary defensive reflexes.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1998/jap/July/286A.html (214 words)

	Pectoralis major muscle -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The clavicular head of the pectoralis major takes its origin from the anterior surface of the medial half of the (Bone linking the scapula and sternum) clavicle.
		The sternocostal head takes its origin from the anterior surface of the sternum, the superior six costal cartilages, and the (Any of the deeper and thicker fascia that attach muscles to bones; resemble flattened tendons) aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle.
		As a whole, the pectoralis major adducts and laterally rotate the humerus.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pe/pectoralis_major_muscle.htm (164 words)

	Major muscle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Pectoralis major muscle was isolated and weighed from 15 individuals of each...
		The pectoralis major muscle from the B line was, in general,...
		Pectoralis Major Muscle Flap for the Treatment of Mediastinal Wound Infection in the...
	www.cappuccinoworld.com /major+muscle.html (964 words)

	Inspiratory and expiratory patterns of the pectoralis major muscle during pulmonary defensive reflexes -- Bolser and ...
		Pectoralis major EMG burst is coincident with rectus abdominis burst.
		During laryngeal cough, peak of pectoralis major EMG burst is coincident with that of rectus abdominis burst.
		The activity pattern of the pectoralis major EMG during tracheobronchial cough was consistent in a given animal, and the population
	www.jap.org /cgi/content/full/85/5/1786 (3751 words)

	Perfect Spot No. 9: for opening a closed chest
		Of the 700+ muscles1 in the human body, pectoralis major is one of the dozen or so that most people can name and point to.
		The pectoralis major is so large, spreading out like a fan across the entire chest, that no matter what position the shoulder is in, the pectoralis major can do its job with at least some of its fibers.
		The pectoralis major is also, interestingly, one of the only muscles in the human body that is almost always much larger in men than it is in women, which accounts for much of the difference in upper body strength between the genders.
	www.vancouvermassage.ca /articles/spot-09.php (897 words)

	Cat Muscles 02
		In the cat the pectoralis minor is a larger and thicker muscle than is the pectoralis major.
		The xiphihumeralis is a thin band of muscle which runs lateral to the pectoralis minor and inserts on the proximal end of the humerus.
		In other words, part of the pectoralis major is covered by the pectoantebrachialis and part of the pectoralis minor is covered by the pectoralis major.
	bioweb.uwlax.edu /aplab/Table_of_Contents/Lab_09/Cat_Muscles_02/cat_muscles_02.html (256 words)

	Pectoralis Major (Sternal Head)
		The biarticulate sternal head of the pectoralis major enters passive insufficiency through the completion of shoulder transverse extension or transverse abducted when the shoulder girdle is more retracted or through the completion of shoulder abduction when the scapula is more rotated upward and elevated.
		The biarticulate sternal head of the pectoralis major enters active insufficiency through the completion of shoulder transverse flexion or transverse adduction when the shoulder girdle is more protracted or through the completion of shoulder adduction when the scapula is more rotated downward and depressed.
		Incidentally, the sternal head of the pectoralis major does not extend the shoulder beyond anatomical position (shoulder hyperextension).
	www.exrx.net /Muscles/PectoralisSternal.html (153 words)

	MUSCULAR - Online Information article about MUSCULAR
		major runs from the clavicle, sternum and ribs, to the humerus (fig.
		BONE (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, in many of which it is confined to the shank of the leg, as in the German Bein)
		When the trapezius is cut, the rhomboid muscles (major and minor) passing from the upper thoracic spines to the vertebral border of the scapula are seen, and deep to these is the serratus posticus See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /MOS_NAN/MUSCULAR.html (1008 words)

	Pectoralis major (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Pectoralis major originates on the ribs, the sternum and the clavicle and inserts on the lateral aspect of the humerus near the head.
		Trigger points in pectoralis major typically refer pain to the chest, shoulder and arm.
		"Pectoralis major" means "the larger muscle of the breast." It's that big muscle that covers all of each side of your chest.
	www.bodydayspa.com /pectoralis%20major.htm (131 words)

	Pectoralis major tears: comparison of surgical and conservative treatment -- Hanna et al. 35 (3): 202 -- British ...
		of patients with rupture of the pectoralis major.
		The diagnosis is apparent from the obvious clinical signs: loss of the anterior axillary fold and bunching of the pectoralis major muscle on the chest wall.
		Scott BW, Wallace WA, Barton MAJ. Diagnosis and assessment of pectoralis major rupture by dynamometry.
	bjsportmed.com /cgi/content/full/35/3/202 (1869 words)

	MR Imaging Assessment of the Pectoralis Major Myotendinous Unit: An MR Imaging--Anatomic Correlative Study with ...
		junction and the insertion of the pectoralis major tendon.
		of the cadaveric specimens, the fibers of the pectoralis tendon
		Pectoralis major muscle: function of sternal portion and mechanism of rupture of normal muscle—case reports.
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/full/174/5/1371 (2833 words)

	Pectoralis major tendon ruptures: when to operate -- Quinlan et al. 36 (3): 226 -- British Journal of Sports Medicine
		Injuries of the pectoralis major muscle: evaluation with MR imaging.
		Pectoralis major muscle: function of sternal portion and mechanism of rupture of normal muscle.
		Simultaneous Bilateral Rupture of the Pectoralis Major Tendon.
	bjsportmed.com /cgi/content/full/36/3/226 (1483 words)

	Human Muscles 1
		In the human the pectoral group has two major divisions: the pectoralis major and the pectoralis minor.
		The pectoralis major is the large triangular muscle covering the upper part of the chest.
		The pectoralis minor inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula and can function to draw the scapula forward and downward or elevate the ribs if the scapula is fixed in position.
	bioweb.uwlax.edu /APlab/Table_of_Contents/Lab_09/Human_Muscles_1/human_muscles_1.html (168 words)

	Island pectoralis major myocutaneous
		A one stage island pectoralis major myocutaneous flap has been used in four patients who had a non-dilatable dense cricopharyngeal stricture leading to a segment of near normal oesophagus followed by dense stricturing of the thoracic oesophagus.
		The gap in the pharynx is closed with an island pectoralis major myocutaneous flap with the skin of the myocutaneous flap forming the lining of the oesophagus.
		The pectoralis major flap repair was followed 6 weeks later by oesophagocolic bypass in two patients.
	www.rcsed.ac.uk /journal/vol46%5F4/4640004.htm (1266 words)

	pectoralis major (anatomy) - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On each side of the thorax, pectoralis major is an important muscular link to the upper arm.
		It is thick, triangular in shape and forms the anterior wall of the axilla.
		Pectoralis major is innervated by the medial (C8, T1) and lateral (C5, C6, C7) pectoral nerves.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/393294.htm (259 words)

	eMedicine - Breast, Poland Syndrome : Article by Bradon J Wilhelmi, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In his original description, titled "Deficiency of the pectoral muscles," he specifically noted absence of the sternocostal portion of the pectoralis major muscle with an intact clavicular origin, absence of the pectoralis minor, and hypoplastic serratus and external oblique muscles.
		The absence of the sternal head of the pectoralis major muscle is considered the minimal expression of this syndrome.
		The latissimus is folded along the sternal and inferior borders to resemble the contour of the pectoralis major muscle.
	www.emedicine.com /plastic/topic132.htm (2815 words)

	[No title]
		The anterior axillary wall is made up of the pectoralis major and minor as well as subclavius muscles and clavipectoral fascia.
		The Pectoralis Minor is a key landmark in the pectoral region.
		The action of the Pectoralis Major is clear from its origin and insertion.
	www.kumc.edu /research/medicine/pharmacology/CAI/webCAI/anatomy/an01.wbc (906 words)

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