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Topic: Pectoralis major muscle

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Pectoralis minor muscle

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	The Physician and Sportsmedicine: Rupture of the Pectoralis Major Muscle
		The patient's MRI revealed extensive tearing of the pectoralis major muscle near the musculotendinous junction, with a large amount of fluid collecting in the tissue planes within the muscle and spreading distally to the tendinous insertion.
		An appreciation of the anatomy of the pectoralis major is important for understanding the nature of injuries to this muscle complex (figure A).
		Pectoralis major muscle tears can occur in the muscle belly, at the musculotendinous junction, or at or near the distal insertion into the humerus.
	www.physsportsmed.com /issues/1997/08aug/selesnick.htm (1945 words)

	eMedicine - Breast, Poland Syndrome : Article Excerpt by: Bradon J Wilhelmi, MD
		In his original description, titled "Deficiency of the pectoral muscles," he specifically noted absence of the sternocostal portion of the pectoralis major muscle with an intact clavicular origin, absence of the pectoralis minor, and hypoplastic serratus and external oblique muscles.
		The absence of the sternal head of the pectoralis major muscle is considered the minimal expression of this syndrome.
		Hypoplasia or aplasia of serratus, external oblique, pectoralis minor, latissimus dorsi, infraspinatus, and supraspinatus muscles
	www.emedicine.com /plastic/byname/breast-poland-syndrome.htm (609 words)

	Muscles of the Pectoral, Back and Shoulder Regions
		The fascial sheath enclosing the pectoralis major muscle is attached at its origin to the clavicle and sternum.
		The cephalic vein, one of the two major superficial veins of the upper limb, occupies the furrow between the deltoid and pectoris major muscles before it enters the deltopectoral triangle.
		The muscles of the shoulder are divided into three groups: (1) the superficial extrinsic muscles (trapezius and latissimus dorsi); (2) the deep extrinsic muscles (levator scapulae, rhomboids, and serratus anterior); and (3) the intrinsic muscles (deltoid, supraspinous, infraspinous, teres minor, teres major, and subscapularis).
	download.videohelp.com /vitualis/med/mmp-b-s.htm (1326 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Smooth muscles are composed of elongated, spindle-shaped, nucleated cells arranged parallel to one another and to the long axis of the muscle, and these cells are often grouped into bundles of varying size.
		a muscle derived from an epimere and innervated by a posterior ramus of a spinal nerve.
		a muscle derived from a hypomere and innervated by an anterior ramus of a spinal nerve.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_m_22zPzhtm (3013 words)

	A novel cadaveric model for anterior-inferior shoulder dislocation using forcible apprehension positioning
		At dislocation, the magnitude of the pectoralis major muscle force, 609.6 N ± 65.2 N was similar to the compression force, 569.6 N ± 37.8 N. A cadaveric model yielded an anterior dislocation with a mechanism of forcible apprehension positioning when the appropriate shoulder muscles were simulated and a passive pectoralis major muscle was included.
		The muscles of the anterior and middle portions of the deltoid and the pectoralis major were resected and their tendons preserved.
		The pectoralis major tendon is a broad sheet from two distinct muscle heads, and the lowermost fibers of the sternal head have the most proximal insertion on the humerus.
	www.rehab.research.va.gov /jour/03/40/4/McMahon.html (4788 words)

	A novel cadaveric model for anterior-inferior shoulder dislocation using forcible apprehension positioning (Site not responding. Last check: )
		At dislocation, the magnitude of the pectoralis major muscle force, 609.6 N ± 65.2 N was similar to the compression force, 569.6 N ± 37.8 N. A cadaveric model yielded an anterior dislocation with a mechanism of forcible apprehension positioning when the appropriate shoulder muscles were simulated and a passive pectoralis major muscle was included.
		The muscles of the anterior and middle portions of the deltoid and the pectoralis major were resected and their tendons preserved.
		The pectoralis major tendon is a broad sheet from two distinct muscle heads, and the lowermost fibers of the sternal head have the most proximal insertion on the humerus.
	www.vard.org /jour/03/40/4/McMahon.html (4788 words)

	Pectoralis Major (Sternal Head)
		Incidentally, the sternal head of the pectoralis major does not extend the shoulder beyond anatomical position (shoulder hyperextension).
		The biarticulate sternal head of the pectoralis major enters passive insufficiency through the completion of shoulder transverse extension or transverse abducted when the shoulder girdle is more retracted or through the completion of shoulder abduction when the scapula is more rotated upward and elevated.
		The biarticulate sternal head of the pectoralis major enters active insufficiency through the completion of shoulder transverse flexion or transverse adduction when the shoulder girdle is more protracted or through the completion of shoulder adduction when the scapula is more rotated downward and depressed.
	www.exrx.net /Muscles/PectoralisSternal.html (153 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Pectoralis major muscle
		The Pectoralis major is a thick, fan-shaped muscle, situated at the upper front (anterior) of the chest wall.
		In addition to being one of the primary pushing muscles of the upper body, the pectoral is often considered to be the (if not, one of the most) aesthetically-pleasing muscles in the human body, and is a frequent target for bodybuilding.
		The muscle is generally worked in compound movements that involve pushing, where the triceps brachii and deltoid muscles are also activated to varying degrees.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Pectoralis_major_muscle (474 words)

	Breast and Pectoral Region
		Cut across the abdominal and sternal parts of the pectoralis muscle about 2 inches from their attachments to ribs and rectus sheath and the clavicular part one-half inch from the clavicle.
		Muscles may be doubled or missing, branching of blood vessels may be discrepant from the usual pattern, embryological remnants may persist, etc. You are asked to record any variations you discover on forms posted on the bulletin board in the lab so that all class members may benefit from your finding.
		One of the major end points of study of nerves is to be able to predict the deficits which would occur when the nerve is lesioned, i.e., severed or crushed.
	app1.unmc.edu /dissection/idg02pectoral.cfm (1087 words)

	ORTHO SuperSite - Reconstruction of the Pectoralis Major Tendon with Fascia Lata Allograft (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The rupture of the pectoralis major muscle is relatively uncommon.
		The pectoralis major is a thick triangular muscle that originates from the anterior thorax to the clavicle.
		The function of the pectoralis major muscle is in adduction of the humerus, and in internal rotation and forward flexion.
	www.orthosupersite.com /view.asp?rid=4004 (2167 words)

	1051-1057
		The pectoralis major muscle, based on the thoracoacromial artery, was completely detached from the chest wall, humerus, clavicle, and the sternum.
		A small bridge of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major muscle was left intact over the thoracoacromial artery and vein to support the vascular pedicle.
		In traditional sliding or turn-over pectoralis major muscle flaps, the closure of the sternum is not feasible because of the presence of the muscle between the sternal margins.
	www.plasticsurgery.org /PSF/PSFHOME/educate/abstracts/Wednesday/B/1051-1057.htm (1190 words)

	Newswise
		When the muscle is ruptured, surgery may be beneficial, according to a new study, "Rupture of the Pectoralis Major Muscle: Outcome After Repair of Acute and Chronic Injuries", published in the January/February 2000 issue of the American Journal of Sports Medicine, the peer-reviewed journal of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM).
		The pectoralis major covers most of the upper chest and stretches from the top of the arm to the collarbone, breastbone and upper six ribs on each side.
		The pectoralis minor is a smaller muscle underneath that runs from the middle of the chest to the shoulder blade.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view/17075 (792 words)

	Pectoralis Major Tendon Avulsion from Rappelling Military Medicine - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Rupture of the pectoralis major is an uncommon injury.
		Less than 100 cases have been reported to date.2"6 The majority of these injuries involves tears of the Inferior sternal fibers of the pectoralis major at or near the musculotendinous junction.2-5,7,8 Most reported ruptures occurred in weight lifters, and the bench-press exercise is the most common mechanism of injury.
		This article presents a case of an acute rupture of the pectoralis major tendon in a soldier who was rappelling in a U.S. Army air assault course.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3912/is_200402/ai_n9408146 (806 words)

	Make Muscle. A Bodybuilding and Fitness Resource
		These muscles are located to the back of the upper arms and may be worked either as a part of a compound movement (such as bench press or shoulder press) or in isolation by performing tricep extensions, dips or tricep kick-backs.
		The rectus abdominus is the large muscle that covers the front of the abdomen (note that it only appears to consist of six muscles due to its multi-headed anatomy).
		The muscles are located at the back of the thighs (below the gluteus maximus) and may be worked in compound movements (again such as squats or the leg press) or in isolation by performing the leg curl.
	www.makemuscle.net /musclegroups.html (831 words)

	Histology of muscle
		Muscle classification: muscle tissue may be classified according to a morphological classification or a functional classification.
		Types of muscle: there are generally considered to be three types of muscle in the human body.
		In skeletal muscle two terminal cisternae are associated with a T tubule to form a structure known as a triad.
	www.etsu.edu /cpah/hsci/forsman/Histologyofmuscleforweb.htm (1484 words)

	[No title]
		The majority of repairs described were performed by mobilizing the musculotendinous junction and either suturing the two torn ends together or suturing the tendon to the humerus through a bone trough.
		McEntire, J.E. and W.E. Hess Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle.
		Wolfe, S.W., T.L. Wickiewicz, and J.T. Cananaugh: Ruptures of the pectoralis major muscle.
	www.sportsci.org /encyc/drafts/Pectoralis_major_rupture.doc (1106 words)

	Weight training & bodybuilding: Strength training basics: Major muscle groups
		Abdominals — these are the large flat muscles that run the length of the abdomen, they are what people refer to commonly as the “abs” or “six pack”, and exercises such as crunches and curls are an excellent form of exercise for these muscles.
		Hip abductors and adductors — these are muscles on the inner and outer thigh, abductors are on the outside, adductors on the inside and excellent exercises are side lying leg lifts, standing cable pulls and multi hip machines.
		Pectoralis major — this muscle is commonly known as “Pecs”, it is the large fan shaped muscle that covers the chest and push ups, pull ups and incline bench press are all great exercises.
	www.musclemonthly.com /strength-training-basics.htm (578 words)

	Inspiratory and expiratory patterns of the pectoralis major muscle during pulmonary defensive reflexes -- Bolser and ...
		Pectoralis major EMG burst is coincident with rectus abdominis burst.
		During laryngeal cough, peak of pectoralis major EMG burst is coincident with that of rectus abdominis burst.
		The activity pattern of the pectoralis major EMG during tracheobronchial cough was consistent in a given animal, and the population
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/85/5/1786 (3765 words)

	Pectoral Augmentation
		The Aiache implant is a solid, lozenge-shape silicone prosthesis mainly used to augment the lower tow thirds of the pectoralis muscles, whereas the Novack implants is square and has a clavicular extension for subclavicular enhancement.
		On the day of surgery, a surgical marker is used ti mark the medial and inferior borders of the pectoralis major muscle as well as the high natural fold in the axilla for the skin incision.
		The dissection proceeds medially and inferiorly in the subcutaneous tissues to the lateral border of the pectoralis major muscle.
	www.drchugay.com /news9.html (2011 words)

	Massage Therapy for Pectoralis Major
		Of the 700+ muscles1 in the human body, pectoralis major is one of the dozen or so that most people can name and point to.
		The pectoralis major is so large, spreading out like a fan across the entire chest, that no matter what position the shoulder is in, the pectoralis major can do its job with at least some of its fibers.
		The pectoralis major is also, interestingly, one of the only muscles in the human body that is almost always much larger in men than it is in women, which accounts for much of the difference in upper body strength between the genders.
	www.vancouvermassage.ca /articles/spot-09.php (890 words)

	ProTrainerOnline.com
		The chest is comprised of the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor.
		The pectoralis major muscle aids the serratus anterior muscle in drawing the scapula forward as it moves the humerus in flexion and internal rotation.
		The pectoralis major is used powerfully in push-ups and pull-ups.
	www.protraineronline.com /past/dec16/optimizing.cfm (1095 words)

	Inflammation of the tendon of the pectoralis major muscle
		The pectoralis major muscle is a large powerful muscle at the front of the chest.
		It used to rotate the arm inwards, pull a horizontal arm across the body, pull the arm from above the head down and pull the arm from the side upwards.
		Pain at the front of the arm or shoulder where the muscle inserts.
	www.sportsinjuryclinic.net /cybertherapist/front/shoulder/pecinsertioninflam.htm (202 words)

	Massage Therapy for Pectoralis Major
		Of the 700+ muscles1 in the human body, pectoralis major is one of the dozen or so that most people can name and point to.
		The pectoralis major is so large, spreading out like a fan across the entire chest, that no matter what position the shoulder is in, the pectoralis major can do its job with at least some of its fibers.
		The pectoralis major is also, interestingly, one of the only muscles in the human body that is almost always much larger in men than it is in women, which accounts for much of the difference in upper body strength between the genders.
	vancouvermassage.ca /articles/spot-09.php (1047 words)

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