| | Botany online: Features of flowering Plants - Früchte (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26) |
 | | The spiky centre serves epizoochoric distribution by animals; the arrangement of the wing-like gadgets allows an additional drifting at the floor (Pterocarpus angolensis, Fabaceae).- trample burs: lignified fruit shell with spikes and barbs that stick to the softer parts of mammals' hoofs and are dispersed this way (Harpogophytum procumbens, Pedaliaceae). |
 | | Relatively strong structure of the fruit that falls apart by and by so that the seeds are very effectively lost at different places (Xanthium riparium, Compositae)- trample bur: dry and very compactly built fruit with a "drawing pin-principle". |
 | | This fruit is only dispersed by the hoofs of mammals, it cannot adhere to their fur (Dicerocargium senecioides, Pedaliaceae) - and one more trample bur: this one can also stick to animals' furs. |
| www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e02/frucht.htm (216 words) |