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Topic: Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale

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	Coma - Medical Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In medicine, a coma is a profound state of unconsciousness, which may result from a variety of conditions including intoxication (drug, alcohol or toxins), metabolic abnormalities (hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, ketosis, etc.), central nervous system diseases, stroke, head trauma, seizures, and hypoxia.
		The difference between coma and stupor is that a patient with coma cannot give a suitable response to either noxious or verbal stimuli, whereas a patient in a stupor can give a rough response (like screaming) to a noxious stimulus.
		In astronomy, a coma is the tail of a comet produced by vapor boiled off the comet as it nears the sun.
	www.nursingstudy.com /encyclopedia/Coma.html (641 words)

	Pediatric Radiography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale - The Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale (also known as Pediatric Glasgow Coma Score or simply PGCS) is the equivalent of the Glasgow Coma Scale used to assess the mental state of adult patients.
		Pediatric radiology - Pediatric radiology is a subspecialty of radiology involving the imaging of fetuses, infants, children, adolescents, and young adults.
		The subjects of professional ethics pediatric radiography and the legal aspects of radiologic technology are addressed to enhance the understanding of the radiographer's obligation to his profession pediatric radiography and to the law.
	www.whcat.com /pediatricradiography.html (1184 words)

	Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sie wurde analog zur Glasgow Coma Scale speziell für Kinder weiterentwickelt.
		Dieses verbreitetste Bewertungsschema zur Beschreibung der Bewusstseinslage wurde in Glasgow, Schottland entwickelt.
		Die Verwendung der Glasgow Coma Scale ist bei Kindern unter einem Alter von 36 Monaten wegen der fehlenden verbalen Kommunikationsfähigkeit nur beschränkt einsetzbar.
	www.jenskleemann.de /wissen/bildung/wikipedia/p/pe/pediatric_glasgow_coma_scale.html (151 words)

	Coma information from Wikipedia - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Coma may result from a variety of conditions, including intoxication, metabolic abnormalities, central nervous system diseases, acute neurologic injuries such as stroke, and hypoxia.
		The difference between coma and stupor is that a patient with coma cannot give a suitable response to either noxious or verbal stimuli, whereas a patient in a stupor can give a crude response, such as screaming, to an unpleasant stimulus.
		Two scales of measurement frequently used in TBI diagnosis to determine the phase of coma are the Glasgow Coma Scale and the Ranchos Los Amigos Scale.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /c/coma/wiki.htm (1086 words)

	Brain Injury Lawyer - Personal Injury - Webster & Associates -Brain Injuries
		Coma is a state of unconsciousness from which the injured survivor cannot be awakened or aroused by any means.
		The Glasgow Coma Scale rates the survivor's ability to open his or her eyes and respond to verbal commands.
		Those who suffer skull fractures, loss of consciousness and coma are generally diagnosed with moderate to severe injuries, and their impairments are generally accepted as resulting from brain injury.
	www.braininjurylaw.ca /brain_injuries.html (1904 words)

	eMedicine - Considerations in Pediatric Trauma : Article by Daniel Mark Alterman, MD
		Thus, pediatric trauma continues to be one of the major threats to the health and well-being of children.
		The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is the universal tool for the rapid assessment of the consciousness level of injured children.
		Caring for pediatric patients with trauma is a complex and integrated process that requires knowledge of the special considerations of pediatric trauma patients and understanding of the pathophysiology and special requirements of the pediatric population.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3223.htm (9014 words)

	Indian Pediatrics - Editorial
		Acute nontraumatic coma is a common problem in pediatric practice accounting for 10 -15% of all hospital admissions(1) and is associated with significant mortality.
		Coma was defined as the ‘unintentional failure of the patients to open their eyes spontaneously or in response to noise, inability to obey commands or localize painful stimulus with or without the ability to express comprehensible words or age appropriate language responses’(10).
		The Glasgow Coma Scale is a standardized system developed initially in traumatic coma to assess the degree of coma and to identify the seriousness of brain injury in relation to outcome(2).
	www.indianpediatrics.net /july2003/july-620-625.htm (2334 words)

	APSA :: Necessity of hospital admission for pediatric minor head injury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The study was a retrospective chart review of all patients admitted to a pediatric trauma service over a period of 4 years.
		MHI was defined as blunt head trauma with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15 and a nonfocal neurological examination.
		We conclude that pediatric patients with MHI and negative CT scans of the head do not require routine admission for observation for delayed complications.
	www.eapsa.org /news/head_injury.htm (210 words)

	Development of a modified paediatric coma scale in intensive care clinical practice -- Tatman et al. 77 (6): 519 -- ...
		Development of a modified paediatric coma scale in intensive care clinical practice -- Tatman et al.
		Development of a modified paediatric coma scale in intensive care clinical practice
		James' adaptation of the Glasgow coma scale (JGCS) was designed for young children.
	adc.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/77/6/519 (301 words)

	Course 9210 : Care of the Pediatric Trauma Patient
		Trauma is the primary cause of mortality and morbidity in the pediatric population.
		Pediatric trauma should be considered a preventable disease and not an "accident." Injury prevention measures, such as bicycle helmets, can significantly reduce the incidence of death and injury in children.
		Pediatric trauma systems have been developed throughout the United States to ensure that the pediatric trauma victim is receiving the optimal care available.
	www.netce.com /coursecontent.php?courseid=324 (17391 words)

	Pediatric glasgow coma scale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A blood sample pediatric glasgow coma scale from an individual is coma and is responsible.
		Check for pediatric glasgow coma scale other altered states that he has to come out of people jobs and law makers.
		Brain death pediatric glasgow coma scale brain structures, the chief of pediatric glasgow coma scale therapy to submit a response was.
	coma.whispersofthedamned.com /pediatric-glasgow-coma-scale.html (544 words)

	Brain Injury Lawyer : TBI Attorney
		James F. Holmes, M.D. MPH and his colleagues from the University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, investigated whether the accuracy of pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale score in pre-verbal children with blunt head trauma compared favorably with the standard glasgo coma scale score in older children.
		The authors concluded that the pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale for children two years and younger compared favorably with the standard GCS in the evaluation of children with blunt head trauma.
		The Pediatric GCS was found to be particularly accurate in evaluating pre-verbal children with blunt head trauma with regard to the need for acute intervention.
	www.braininjurylawblog.com /cat-about-brain-injuries.html (1289 words)

	Coma - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Coma is a state of total unawareness of the self and the environment.
		Coma may occur as an expected progression or complication of an underlying illness, or as a result of an event such as head trauma.
		Profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused; coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /sym/coma.htm (1528 words)

	Glasgow Coma Scale
		90% less than or equal to 8 are in coma
		Greater than or equal to 9 not in coma
		Coma is defined as: (1) not opening eyes, (2) not obeying commands, and (3) not uttering understandable words.
	www.neuroskills.com /tbi/glasgow.shtml (98 words)

	Case Based Pediatrics Chapter
		Stage V: Characterized by coma, areflexia, respiratory arrest, fixed and dilated pupils, and intermittent flaccidity and decerebrate posturing.
		A simpler method is the AVPU scale (A=alert, V=responds to verbal stimuli, P=responds to painful stimuli, U=unresponsive).
		Survival is related to the depth of the coma and the peak ammonia level on admission.
	www.hawaii.edu /medicine/pediatrics/pedtext/s18c17.html (1146 words)

	Performance of the Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale in Children with Blunt Head Trauma -- Holmes et al. 12 (9): 814 -- ...
		Performance of the Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale in Children with Blunt Head Trauma -- Holmes et al.
		Articles by Holmes, J. Articles by Kuppermann, N. Performance of the Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale in Children with Blunt Head Trauma
		A Comparison of Five Simplified Scales to the Out-of-hospital Glasgow Coma Scale for the Prediction of Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes
	www.aemj.org /cgi/content/abstract/12/9/814 (466 words)

	eMedicine - Head Trauma : Article by Jagvir Singh, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This is present in 6-14% of pediatric patients with head trauma and is suggested by a history of a blow to the back of the head.
		More recent adult and pediatric studies have shown that the use of hypertonic solution in the resuscitation process is superior to that of lactated Ringer solution or isotonic sodium chloride solution.
		Seizure management: Posttraumatic seizures present in 10% of pediatric patients with head trauma may affect the outcome adversely by increasing the ICP, increasing the metabolic demands of the brain, and causing hypoxia and/or hypoventilation in a spontaneously breathing patient.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic929.htm (8522 words)

	Sur PubMed cette semaine - Pediatric Neurology Paris
		We conducted a cross-sectional, household survey in Oakville, Ontario, where an outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) in 2002 led to an unprecedented number of cases of meningitis and encephalitis.
		If local hydrologic conditions can be monitored or modeled at the scales at which these conditions affect the population dynamics of vector mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit, a means for monitoring or modeling mosquito populations and mosquitoborne disease transmission may be realized.
		We propose that the useful application of any measure of hydrologic conditions requires additional consideration of the scales for both the hydrologic measurement and the vector control interventions that will be used to mitigate an outbreak of vectorborne disease.
	www.pediatric-neurology-paris.net /content/view/172/2/1/2 (1428 words)

	Telemedicine in Pediatric Transport: A Feasibility Study -- Kofos et al. 102 (5): e58 -- Pediatrics
		Specialized pediatric services are limited outside of major medical centers, especially in rural areas.
		Rennert W, Hayes W, Hauser G, Tohme W, Reese E The role of telemedicine in triage decisions for pediatric emergency patients.
		Murray JP, Tyler DC, Jones TK, Stunz JT, Lemire RJ Coma scale of ruse in brain injured children.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/102/5/e58 (1580 words)

	Barbie
		The scale loses its predictive value, however, in children, since very young pediatric patients lack the higher integrative brain functions essential to generate the “best” responses for the GCS (25).
		However, there appears to be no consensus in the literature regarding the timing of vascular evaluation in pediatric patients after PHT or if these patients require any follow-up if their initial examination is negative.
		Given the increased incidence of significant complications associated with PHT in pediatric patients and the difficulty of using clinical examination alone to predict the amount of intracranial injury, we propose a multidisciplinary and conservative approach to the management of these patients.
	www.ferne.org /Lectures/Barbie1002.htm (4732 words)

	PROTOCOLS and STANDING ORDERS for Paramedics
		Pediatric patients with fever, drooling, and stridor should be suspected as having epiglottitis.
		As in all pediatric cardiac arrests, airway control is a key factor in improving the odds of successful resuscitation.
		Pediatric patients with fever, drooling, and stridor should be suspected to have epiglottitis.
	www.academyofmedicine.org /webpages/paramdcs.asp (13025 words)

	Q1 Care Management Group Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Glasgow Coma Scale – This is a neurological scale which seems to give a reliable, objective way of recording the conscious state of a person, for initial as well as continuing assessment.
		Initially used to assess level of consciousness after head trauma, the scale is actually applied to different situations.
		This scale is useful to therapists and families to help understand the behavior and progression of the head injury survivor as they work through rehabilitation.
	www.q1cmg.com /headinjury.shtml (2903 words)

	SafetyLit: Injury Research and Prevention Literature Update - Abstract Details
		Triage of pediatric patients to appropriate centers can be based on the crash/injury characteristics.
		Pediatric motor vehicle crash/injury characteristics can be determined from an in vitro laboratory using child crash dummies.
		Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with Injury Severity Score (ISS) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) as outcomes.
	www.safetylit.org /citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_55596_19 (515 words)

	Amazon.com: Pediatric Emergency Medicine : A Comprehensive Study Guide: Books: Gary R. Strange,William R. Ahrens,Steven ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The specific causes of pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest are more diverse than in adults.
		It has all the in depth pediatric information that you would need without many of the ultra rare diseases that a dedicated pediatric EP needs to know.
		It would be nice and appropriate if the next edition would have color photos of pediatric rashes, but this is something that I suppose can be seen in many other sources.
	www.amazon.com /Pediatric-Emergency-Medicine-Comprehensive-Study/dp/0071369791 (1135 words)

	PALS Crash Cart Cards
		Ed.'s PALS Crash Cart Cards provide essential Pediatric Advanced Life Support information in a size that’s large enough to read from the crash cart; and in a format that won’t get misplaced or taken.
		These easy-to-read versions of the updated ECC emergency protocols are heavily laminated with 10-mil plastic and designed for quick reference in emergencies.
		The PALS Crash Cart Cards are an AHA-approved adaptation and complete compilation of all the updates and corrections made to Pediatric Advanced Life Support protocols adopted by the ECC 2000.
	www.arlen1.com /pages/6/index.htm (195 words)

	coma
		Rapid recovery from coma was observed in cerebral malaria patients (after a median of 18 h, range 6-72 h).
		They were asked to indicate on a Likert scale their support for mandatory Do-Not-Resuscitate orders and for requests by nursing home patients to withhold other life support measures.
		Arousal, expressed by the stimulated opening of the eyes (E2) was correlated with the appearance of the localizing pain response (M5), with the capacity to obey commands (M6), with the opening of the eyes (E4) and with the blink reflex (R5).
	www.indiana.edu /~pietsch/coma.html (7441 words)

	Glascow coma scale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		An intracranial glascow coma scale pressure is taken after glascow coma scale dye has been placed in the intensive care unit.
		Rancho los amigos scale, with some glascow coma scale memorable imagery and nutrients directly to a spect scan.
		There are many recover glascow coma scale full physical and brain injury is further glascow coma scale injury or damage to the brain.
	coma.whispersofthedamned.com /glascow-coma-scale.html (440 words)

	Head Trauma
		The pediatric brain has a higher water content, 88% vs 77% in adult, which makes the brain softer and more prone to acceleration-deceleration injury.
		More recent adult and pediatric studies have shown that the use of hypertonic solution in the resuscitation process is superior to that of lactated Ringer’s solution or normal saline.
		Posttraumatic seizures present in 10% of pediatric patients with head trauma may affect the outcome adversely by increasing the ICP, increasing the metabolic demands of the brain, and causing hypoxia and/or hypoventilation in a spontaneously breathing patient.
	razianesth.freeservers.com /Head.htm (7221 words)

	Pediatric Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nurses in Primary Care
		If at all possible, obtain the assistance of an experienced critical care pediatric professional in stabilizing and transferring the child to hospital.
		Glasgow coma score ≤10; a decrease of 2 or more points in serial Glasgow coma scores, not clearly caused by seizures, drugs, decreased cerebral perfusion or metabolic factors
		Injuries to other areas such as the thorax or abdomen should be sought and treated promptly, since they may contribute to morbidity and death.
	www.hc-sc.gc.ca /fnih-spni/pubs/nursing-infirm/2001_ped_guide/chap_15b_e.html (1385 words)

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