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	Hernando de Soto (explorer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1514, de Soto accompanied Pedro Arias de Ávila to the Spanish colonies, landing in Panama.
		De Soto's men were, at the same time, the first and the last Europeans to experience the prime of the Mississippian culture.
		De jure, he created a claim on large parts of the North Americas for the Spaniards, with their missions concentrated mainly on the state of Florida and the pacific coast.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hernando_de_Soto_(explorer) (2872 words)

	CENTRAL AMERICA - LoveToKnow Article on CENTRAL AMERICA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Edentata are represented by a species of armadillo, the honey-bear (Myrmecophaga tomandua), and the Myrmecophaga didactyla; and among the rodents may be mentioned, besides rats, hares and rabbits, the fruit-eating cotorra and tepescuinte (Dasyprocta aguti and Coelogenys paca), and the troublesome Geomys mexicana.
		The gallinaceous order is well represented, and comprises several peculiar species, as the pavo de cacho, and the Peten turkey (Meleagris ocellata), which has a bronze sheen on its plumage; and aquatic birds, it is almost needless to add, are unusually numerous in a region so richly furnished with lagoons, rivers and lakes.
		Salvador.Pedro de Alvarado in his expedition of 1524 calls this whole district Cuscatan (Mex. Cozcatlan), that is, Land of precious stones, of treasures, of abundance.
	73.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CE/CENTRAL_AMERICA.htm (6859 words)

	Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		De Soto led scouting armies for Pizarro's army, as it approached Incan emperor Atahualpa's encampment, and he was responsible for bringing the leader to Pizarro's army.
		De Soto remained in Peru until late in 1535, sailing to Spain after he was not chosen to lead the conquest of southern Chile.
		De Soto died in the spring of 1542, in the Indian town of Guachoya, near the southeastern corner of Arkansas.
	www.alexanderstreet2.com /EENALive/bios/A7654BIO.html (753 words)

	T1msn Encarta - Resultados de la búsqueda - Pedro Arias Dávila
		Pedro Arias Dávila, más conocido como Pedrarias Dávila (1440?-1531), conquistador español, gobernador de Castilla del Oro (1513-1526).
		El gobierno de Arias Dávila no logró la prosperidad de la colonia y se caracterizó por su crueldad, el mal trato dado a los indios y el afán...
		Asistió a la fundación de la ciudad de Panamá, llevada a cabo en 1519 por Pedro Arias Dávila, y fue nombrado capitán.
	mx.encarta.msn.com /Pedro_Arias_D%C3%A1vila.html (164 words)

	Cronología de la Historia Resumida del Ecuador (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Viceroy Hurtado de Mendoza entrusts Gil Ramírez Dávalos with the conquest of the Quijos, and Juan de Salinas Loyola with the conquest of Yaguarsongo and Pacamoros.
		17 - The new Villa de Riobamba is re-established on the Tapi plateau.
		The "Gobernación de Guayaquil" petitions the King of Spain to be separated from the Viceroyalty of Peru and be adhered to the Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada.
	www.geocities.com /equatorial2000/english.html (10534 words)

	Wings of Desire : Sanjida O'Connell
		De Para's sister, Cuquita Arias de Calvo, is the Panamanian equivalent of Nigella Lawson, and trained the chefs at Canopy Tower.
		Founded by Pedro Arias de Avila in 1519, it became supremely wealthy on the back of the trade in gold which originated from mines in Veraguas and Darièn.
		The spectacular crumbling ruins are on a headland surrounded by the muddy shore of the Pacific and encroaching slums.
	www.canopytower.com /pub/WingsDesire.htm (1397 words)

	OAS Children's Page
		The story goes that the Spandish Andalusians of Gil Gonzalez de Avila, who founded the town of Granada on the South bank of this great lake, called the lake "Agua de Nicarao", the Lake of Nicarao, which was the name of the Indian chief they met in 1523.
		It was Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba, lieutenant of the Governor Pedro Arias de Avila, known as Pedrarias, who founded the towns of Granada and Leon in 1524 and 1525 respectively.
		Mrs Chamorro is the widiw of Pedro Joaquin Chamorro, the former La Prensa director and national hero whose murder in 1978 helped ignite the insurrection against Somoza.
	www.oas.org /children/members/History/Nicaragua.html (2694 words)

	AllRefer.com - Pedro Arias de Avila (Latin American History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Pedro Arias de Avila, Latin American History, Biographies
		Pedro Arias de Avila[pA´thrO A´ryAs dA A´vElA] Pronunciation Key, known as Pedrarias[pAthrA´ryAs] Pronunciation Key, c.1440–1531, Spanish colonial administrator.
		Pedrarias's administration was notoriously harsh and cruel, but he extended the Spanish dominions and founded (1519) Panama City; he first aided, but later hindered, Francisco Pizarro and Diego de Almagro in their conquest of Peru.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/AriasdeA.html (211 words)

	Pedro Arias de Ávila
		Hernando de Sota, was on of the men that accompanied Pedrarias on this expedition.
		Gabriel de Rojas, was left in Panama with a small force, with the job of building a small fort and garrison.
		Pedro Arias de Ávila, died in the city of Leon, Nicaragua, on March 6, 1531, at the age of 91.
	www.bruce.ruiz.net /PanamaHistory/pedrarias.htm (1187 words)

	Historical Text Archive: Articles: Fuero Militar
		Pedro Arias de Ávila, also referred to Pedrarias, was born in Segovia.
		In 1517, one of Pedrarias' commanders, Gaspar de Espinosa, established the town of Panamá, at a fisherman's hamlet the Indians called Panamá, as the most southern station on the line of outposts that crossed the Isthmus.
		Gabriel de Rojas, was left in Panamá with a small force, with the job of building a small fort and garrison.
	historicaltextarchive.com /sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=641 (981 words)

	Biographies of Spanish Discoverers, Conquistadores, Colonial Administrators
		Balboa (by now Avila's sin-in'law), on Panama's west coast, building ships in preparation for further expeditions, in 1519 was arrested on the order of de Avila, sentenced and executed.
		In 1514 Pedro Arias de Avila arrived in Panama, as appointed governor; Balboa, on Panama's west coast, building ships in preparation for further expeditions, in 1519 was arrested on the order of de Avila, sentenced and executed.
		Arrived in the la Platea region with Pedro de Mendoza in 1535; co-founded Buenos Aires and Asuncion in 1536; was elected governor of Paraguay by the settlers; ruled by force.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/period/disc/bioxedisc.html (1452 words)

	Cronología de la Historia Resumida del Ecuador (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Pedro Arias de Avila ("Pedrarias Dávila"), Gobernador de Panamá, encarga a Pascual de Andagoya una expedición naval al Perú.
		Esteban de Marañón, en función de visitador, juzga a Manuel Barros y ordena su destierro perpetuo de América y da otros castigos.
		De más de 260 piratas, 35 mueren y 46 son heridos; 75 defensores mueren y más de 100 son heridos.
	www.geocities.com /equatorial2000 (10225 words)

	Biografía - Núñez de Balboa, Vasco
		De esta manera, las tesis de Colón sobre la llegada a la India por la ruta del oeste perdían el poco crédito con el que contaban.
		Aunque en un primer momento Pedro Arias prometió a una de sus hijas en matrimonio a Balboa, el deseo de continuar las conquistas por parte de Vasco Núñez provocó la ira del gobernador, quien pensaba que Balboa se iba a sublevar.
		Arias hizo llamar a Balboa a la villa de Acla donde fue detenido, recluido y condenado a muerte por traición, junto a Botello, Argüello, Hernán Muñoz y Valderrábano.
	www.artehistoria.com /historia/personajes/5616.htm (402 words)

	Panama City - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Panama City (Spanish: Ciudad de Panamá), population 708,738, is the capital of Panama, located at the Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal, at 8°58′ N 79°32′ W.
		The city was founded on August 15, 1519, by Pedro Arias de Avila, also known as Pedrarias Davila.
		The Universidad de Panamá, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá and Universidad Santa María la Antigua are the main institutions of higher learning in Panama City.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Panama_City (1563 words)

	Colonial Panama
		By means of this Brief, the Revered Father Juan de Quevedo was named as bishop of the new diocese and came to the territory with the newly appointed Governor of the province, Pedro Arias de Avila.
		This city of Panama was founded by Pedro Arias de Avila, Governor of Castilla de Oro, so-called because of the great wealth taken from it, said by the old residents to exceed that of today (1640), which is still a great amount.
		Bishop Francisco de la Camara had given great importance to its rebuilding in stone, so that at the time, the body of the church, the two Corinthian style doors, the main chapel, sacristy and other officers were well along in their construction.
	www.bruce.ruiz.net /PanamaHistory/panama_report_1640.htm (13696 words)

	History of Nicaragua
		In 1522, on the other side of the Isthimus of Panamá where the fleet built by Nuñez de Balboa lay, an expedition organized and led by Gil González de Avila was pushing up towards the North of the Continent along the Pacific coast of what is today Costa Rica.
		The story goes that the Andalusians of Gil Gonzalez de Avila who founded the town of Granada on the South bank of this great lake, called it "Agua de Nicarao" - the Lake of Nicarao, which was the name of the Indian chief they met in 1523.
		It was Francisco Hernández de Córdoba, lieutenant of the Governor Pedro Arias de Avila, known as Pedrarias, who founded the towns of Granada and León in 1524 and 1525 respectively.
	www.costarica-net-guide.com /history.html (1929 words)

	MANRESA - LoveToKnow Article on MANRESA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The principal buildings are the collegiate church of Santa Maria de la Seo, the Dominican monastery and the church of San Igriazio, built over the cavern (cueva santa) where Ignatius de Loyola spent most of the year 1522 in penitentiary exercises and the composition of his Exercitia spiritualia.
		They at once revealed him to be a.poet of eminent merit, and it seems certain that his Consejos, addressed to Diego Arias de Avila, inspired the more famous Coplas of his nephew.
		His didactic verseS are modelled upon those of Santillana, and his satires are somewhat coarse in thought and expression; but his place in the history of Spanish literature' is secure as the earliest Spanish dramatist whose name has reached posterity.
	85.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MA/MANRESA.htm (480 words)

	Pedrarias
		Prosiguió por tierras de PACORA hasta llegar a un caserío de pescadores llamado Panamá.
		Oyó Zara ayes y gritos de seres humanos y aullidos de unas fieras desconocidas que mordían de modo inmisericorde a sus hermanos de raza, los indios.
		Vió filas de indios cautivos y unos hombres blancos y fieros, con extraños vestidos y produciendo relámpagos y truenos con unos instrumentos de muerte”.
	members.tripod.com /~Panamahistoria/pedraria.htm (1249 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pedro Arias de Avila
		Through his foundation of Panama, however, he laid the basis for the discovery of South America's west coast and the subsequent conquest of Peru.
		Enciso, Suma de Geographia (1519, 1539, 1549); Oviedo, Historia general y natural de Indias (Madrid, 1850); Gomara, Historia general de las Indias (Medina del Campo, 1553); Peter Martyr ab Anglereia, Enchisidion de insulis nuper reportis simulatque incolarum moribus (Basle, 1521); Documentos ineditos de Indias; Herrera, Historia general (Madrid, 2d ed., 1726-9).
		A fair appreciation of the character of Arias de Avila is to be found in the first volume of Prescott, History of the Conquest of Peru.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01711b.htm (368 words)

	Hernando De Soto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		He was give the rank of captain of a troop of horsemen in 1516 by Pedrarias D¦vila (also known as Pedro Arias de Avila), governor of Darien, who admired his courage, and he took an active part in the conquest of portions of Central
		In 1523 he accompanied Francisco Fern¦ndez de C-rdoba who, by order of Pedrarias, set out from Panama with an expedition which explored Nicaragua and Honduras, conquering and colonizing the country as they proceeded.
		De Soto played a prominent part in the engagements which completed the conquest of Peru, including the battle which resulted in the capture of Cuzco, the capital.
	multimedia.esuhsd.org /2000/ed_project/135_web/studentprojects/ageexploration/hernandodesoto.html (520 words)

	AllRefer.com - Gil GonzAlez de Avila (Latin American History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Despite the opposition of Pedro Arias de Avila, he conquered Honduras, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua in 1522.
		He then fled to the island of Hispaniola to avoid trouble with Arias de Avila.
		His claims were usurped (1523) by Francisco FernAndez de COrdoba.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/GonzalA.html (179 words)

	Alvarado, Pedro de -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The king relieved Balboa with a trusted general, Pedro Arias de Ávila (known as Pedrarias Dávila), although he allowed Balboa to continue his explorations on the Pacific coast.
		After inspecting the Islas de la Bahía and stopping at the large protected bay at Trujillo, the little fleet of...
		When Spanish forces under Pedro de Alvarado invaded Guatemala in 1524, they defeated the armies of three major kingdoms: the Quiché, the Cakchiquel, and the Mam.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9005961 (827 words)

	Corporación Actual de Medios Informativos S.A. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		El 15 de agosto de 1519, Pedrarias Dávila (Pedro Arias de Avila) fundó la ciudad de Panamá, que creció rápidamente debido a su posición geográfica que permitía atravesar el istmo con facilidad.
		A través de esta ciudad pasaron grandes riquezas en oro y plata, provenientes de las minas de Perú y de la provincia de Veraguas, al igual que perlas de la Bahía de Panamá.
		Puente de un solo arco con contrafuertes laterales todo de piedra que comunicaba la ciudad con su parte exterior pasando por el Fuerte de la Natividad y puede observarse en buen estado de conservación.
	www.panactual.com /noticias_detalles.asp?noti_code=28303 (427 words)

	Spain in the New World to 1600 - National Park Service - Fort Raleigh National Historic Site
		Two years later, Ponce de Leon died in a disastrous attempt to build a settlement in Florida, and Spain withdrew from further serious efforts to establish a permanent presence there for another half-century.
		The principals of the colony quarreled, Indians attacked, slaves rebelled, and Ayllon died.
		From 1539 to 1543 de Soto and, after his death, Moscoso led an ever-shrinking party on a circuitous route through the southeastern and southcentral United States.
	www.nps.gov /fora/spain.htm (1843 words)

	The Sheriffs Toothpick
		His father was the Bachiller Martin de Enciso who in 1510 founded Santa Maria la Antigua as the first European city on the continent of the Americas.
		Pedrarias leaves the Isthmus in1526 for Nicaragua and Pedro de Los Rios arrives to be the new Governor with Rodrigo continuing to serve as High Sheriff.
		Little is known of the background of Rodrigos father, the Bachiller Martin Fernandez de Enciso, except that he was university educated in Spain and a celebrated author of those days for his book on the New World,"Summa de Geografia".
	www.pancanalsociety.org /Articles/GC/Chevalier14.html (751 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Diego de Almagro
		Date and place of birth not satisfactorily established as yet, generally considered a foundling; came to Panama in 1514 with Pedro Arias de Avila (D'Avila), and soon distinguished himself in military expeditions.
		The chief follower of the elder Almagro, after his execution, gathered around the young man in a conspiracy to put Pizarro out of the way, which deed was consummated 26 June, 1541, at Lima, the assassins assembling for the purpose at Almagro's house.
		On the 16th of September, 1542, the opposing parties met at Chupas, and after a long and bloody engagement the troops of Almagro were completely defeated, and their young leader taken prisoner.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01326e.htm (854 words)

	AFROMESTIZO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Pedro Alonzo Nino, a navigator considered by historians to be of African ancestry, sails with Columbus on his first voyage to the Americas.
		Thirty Africans (along with native Americans) build the first two substantial vessels to be constructed and sailed on the Pacific coast of the Americas.
		Guatemala accompany Pedro de Alvarado on his conquest of Guatemala from Spanish bases in Mexico.
	www.bjmjr.com /afromestizo/imp_dates.htm (2468 words)

	Business & Economy Briefs
		Kiwanis International, Banistmo and the Caja de Ahorros are teaming up to the tune of $950,000 to fund three projects by the Patronato Panama Viejo, the restoration of the old city's cathedral tower and nunnery and the building of a small museum.
		The teachers' unions, which accuse Education Minister Doris Rosas de Mata of imposing a political patronage system on the public schools, were not consulted in advance about the subjects to be taken up in the special session and lodged their vehement protests about it.
		The teachers had walked off their jobs for a week to protest delays in the payment of their salaries and to demand extra pay for having to teach in remote areas in which their travel expenses are high and living conditions primitive.
	www.thepanamanews.com /pn/v_08/issue_13/business_briefs.html (2662 words)

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