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Topic: Pedro Chamorro

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Violeta Barrios de Chamorro

Somoza

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Violeta Chamorro

	Violeta Chamorro -- Experience Nicaragua
		Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, who was president of Nicaragua from 1990 to 1996, was born in the city of Rivas in the 1930s.
		Chamorro went on to begin the difficult process of reconstruction and restoration of what was left of a totalitarian state, a polarized constituency, and a destroyed economy with a massive international debt, an average annual income of $400 per person and an inflation rate of 13,500%.
		Chamorro is presently the president of a community service group and a passive but opinionated voice in the political scene of Nicaragua.
	library.thinkquest.org /17749/chamorro.html (452 words)

	Violeta Chamorro - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Violeta Barrios de Chamorro (born October 18, 1929) is a Nicaraguan political leader, publisher, former member of the Government Junta of National Reconstruction and former President of Nicaragua.
		In 1952, Chamorro's husband, Pedro Chamorro, took over the anti- Somoza newspaper La Prensa and was frequently jailed for its content.
		UNO received 55 percent of the vote, and Chamorro became president of Nicaragua from 1990 to 1996, when Arnoldo AlemÃ¡n was elected in her place.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Violeta_Chamorro (247 words)

	RIT - News & Events: Former Nicaraguan president chosen for Isaiah Thomas Award
		Yet, Chamorro's newspaper remained the sole medium of independent communication in Nicaragua and is hailed as a factor in the triumph of peace and democracy in the country.
		In September 1989, Chamorro was nominated as the presidential candidate in the February 1990 general election by the Union Nacional Opositora, an alliance of 14 political parties.
		Chamorro completed her term of seven years on Jan. 10, 1997, with the honor of having been the first Nicaraguan president in this century to have transmitted power to a new civilian president through free and open elections.
	www.rit.edu /~930www/NewsEvents/1998/May01/award.html (431 words)

	Journalists in Latin America: the fear factor
		Chamorro's documentary, "Central America: The Power of the Word," which was commissioned by the Freedom Forum and first screened on Nicaraguan television in December, begins with his father's assassination and continues to the present day, when journalists in the region are less fearful for their lives but still face formidable obstacles in reporting the news.
		In Nicaragua, after Pedro Joaquin Chamorro was murdered for his outspoken criticism of the 45-year Somoza family dynasty, in 1979, ABC news reporter Bill Stewart was shot in the head at close range and killed by soldiers of Somoza's National Guard.
		Though the Chamorros' documentary is not scheduled to be screened in the Bay Area, copies are in the libraries of the UC Berkeley School of Journalism and the Stanford University Center for Latin American Studies.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2002/07/28/IN156121.DTL (1933 words)

	Nieman Foundation, 1986 Louis Lyons Award (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Chamorro was chosen for the award by a vote of the 20 members of the Nieman Fellow Class of 1986.
		Chamorro is the widow of Pedro Joaquin Chamorro whose assassination accelerated the downfall of former Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza.
		Chamorro was a member of the first junta which replaced Somoza but broke with the Sandinista leadership when its intention to muzzle the press became clear.
	www.nieman.harvard.edu /events/honors/lyons/lyonswinners/lyons86.html (248 words)

	MSN Encarta - Resultados de la bÃºsqueda - Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Bolaños
		Pedro JoaquÃn Chamorro BolaÃ±os (1818-1890), general y polÃtico nicaragÃ¼ense, presidente de la RepÃºblica (1875-1878).
		Pedro JoaquÃn Chamorro (1924-1978), periodista y polÃtico nicaragÃ¼ense.
		A principios de 1978 Pedro JoaquÃn Chamorro, editor del diario La Prensa de Managua y destacado opositor al rÃ©gimen de Somoza, muriÃ³ asesinado.
	es.encarta.msn.com /Pedro_Joaqu%C3%ADn_Chamorro_Bola%C3%B1os.html (152 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In 1950 she married Pedro Joaquín Chamorro, whose family was politically militant.
		Pedro was jailed several times because of his opposition to the Somoza dictatorship.
		Violeta Chamorro stood for the UNO (Unión de Oposición Nicaragüense) and was elected.
	www.unav.es /fcom/english_version/actividades/violetachamorro.htm (226 words)

	Barricada and Beyond - by Adam Jones
		Chamorro is the son of Pedro Joaquín Chamorro, the famous journalist who was gunned down in 1978 by the somoza dictatorship, and of Violeta Chamorro, the former elected Nicaraguan president.
		In 1980, at the age of twenty-three, Chamorro was appointed editor of the official organ of the Sandinista Front, Barricada.
		Chamorro and other senior editors pushed for a diversity of op-ed commentary, wider consultation of sources in reporting, and a broader news, sports, and entertainment agenda.
	adamjones.freeservers.com /chamorro.htm (1928 words)

	The New York Times: Premium Archive
		The winner, Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, was a symbolic candidate chosen to unite the fractious opposition, and she inherited a country wrecked by war and revolution.
		Chamorro, a housewife and mother of four, was drawn inexorably into her husband's fight.
		Chamorro infuriated her coalition by opting for a policy of national reconciliation, allowing the Sandinistas to keep control of the armed forces.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0DE4DA1E3BF936A2575AC0A960958260&fta=y (623 words)

	The Chamorros--Divided Family in a War-Torn Country
		Chamorro, one of Nicaragua's most prominent and influential family names, has become almost synonymous with the country's struggle against dictatorship and oppression.
		Pedro Joaquin continued his struggle for democratic rights, and over the years his firm stand against repression made him a symbol of liberal resistance and a national hero.
		In January 1978, Pedro Joaquin was shot and killed by three armed men who intercepted his car on the way from his home to the La Prensa plant.
	www.worldandischool.com /public/1988/june/school-resource14400.asp (498 words)

	Amazon.de: Rezensionen English Books: Dreams of the Heart: The Autobiography of President Violeta Barrios De Chamorro ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Chamorro, who was elected president in 1990, defends her political course, equidistant from the CIA-backed Contras and the communists.
		Pedro's murder in 1978 at the hands of the government of Anastasio Somoza, whom he had regularly criticized in print, thrust her into the tumult of revolutionary politics.
		Chamorro is sometimes too fond of unmeaty apothegms, and her book is marred by a translation that is at times jarringly unidiomatic.
	www.amazon.de /exec/obidos/tg/stores/detail/-/books-intl-de/0684810557/reviews (820 words)

	Pedro Joaquín Chamorro, Nicaragua (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, crusading publisher and editor of the independent daily La Prensa and the leader of an opposition alliance campaigning for the removal of President Anastasio Somoza Debayle, was gunned down on his way to work in Managua on Jan. 10, 1978.
		However, the expedition’s members were captured and Chamorro brought for a third time before a military court, which sentenced him to nine years in prison for treason.
		Speaking about her husband to the participants of the 1998 IPI World Congress in Moscow, Violeta said: “During his whole life, Pedro Joaquín was a tireless fighter for democracy in Nicaragua and against the dictatorship of Somoza.
	www.costarica-net-guide.com /pedroj.html (694 words)

	Autumn of the Revolutionary: Another Look at Daniel Ortega and the Sandinista Struggle - Empire? - Global Policy Forum
		Ernesto Cardenal, Moises Hassan, Violeta Chamorro, and businessman Alfonso Robelo.
		Pedro was a long-time political opponent of Somoza who was assassinated in 1978, presumably by Somoza, and whose murder consolidated the support of even the middle and rich classes of Nicaragua against the mad despot, in support of the revolution.
		The Chamorro government dismantled the social programs of the Sandinistas, indigenous rights were neglected and the historic project of the Sandinistas to consolidate the Autonomous Regions of the East Coast languished.
	www.globalpolicy.org /empire/history/2005/0507sandinista.htm (2679 words)

	Dos Pueblos: New York Tipitapa Sister Project
		Chamorro was assassinated in 1978 and violence spread throughout the country.
		In 1990, Nicaraguans went to the polls and elected Violeta Chamorro, leader of the opposition UNO and widow of martyred La Prensa editor Pedro Chamorro.
		Chamorro's failure to revive the economy and deliver promised U.S. economic support, and her increasing reliance on Sandinista support, led to U.S. threats to further withhold aid.
	www.tipitapa.org /usnichistory.html (1451 words)

	NotiSur - Latin American Political Affairs; January 17, 1997
		Chamorro declined to hand Aleman the sash since she considers him a collaborator of former dictator Anastasio Somoza, who was responsible for the assassination of her husband, Pedro Joaquin Chamorro.
		Chamorro applauded the court's 9-3 vote in favor of abrogating the laws, while Sandinista Deputy Rafael Solis said it "broke down constitutional order," and the FSLN daily newspaper Barricada called it "a blow to democracy." As she prepared to turn over the presidency, Chamorro received warm accolades for her achievements.
		Poverty is estimated at 60% of the urban population and 70% of the rural population.
	ssdc.ucsd.edu /news/notisur/h97/notisur.19970117.html (3155 words)

	ELMUNDO.ES \| SUPLEMENTOS \| MAGAZINE 257 \| Violeta Chamorro: presidenta por herencia
		Violeta Chamorro se convirtió en presidenta de Nicaragua a raíz del asesinato de su marido, que intervenía activamente en política.
		Ya en Nicaragua, conoció a Pedro Chamorro, cuya familia, como la suya, procedía de la acaudalada clase de terratenientes que intervenía de manera activa en la política del país.
		El asesinato de Pedro causó tal grado de indignación en las clases profesionales que sus integrantes sumaron sus fuerzas a diversas organizaciones guerrilleras para plantar batalla a los Somoza.
	www.elmundo.es /magazine/2004/257/1093620231.html (915 words)

	The Langara Journalism Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Carlos Fernando Chamorro is a visiting fellow at the University of California-Berkley, and editor of a weekly Nicaraguan publication, Confidencial.
		Less than five years ago, though, Chamorro was at the centre of some of the most dramatic events in modern Latin American journalism.
		Chamorro is the son of Pedro Joaquin Chamorro, Nicaragua's best-known journalist, gunned down in 1978 by the Somoza dictatorship, just a year before it was overthrown in the Sandinista Revolution.
	www.langara.bc.ca /ljr/1999/jones.html (1507 words)

	Violeta Chamorro - Definition up Erdmond.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In 1952, Chamorro's husband, Pedro_Chamorro, took over the anti- Somoza newspaper ''La Prensa'' and was frequently jailed for its content.
		In 1990, after nearly a decade of Contra warfare and economic sanctions, Chamorro became the presidential candidate of the United_Nicaraguan_Opposition (UNO), a coalition of 14 political parties that ran against the Sandinistas in that year's national elections.
		UNO received 55 percent of the vote, and Chamorro became president of Nicaragua from 1990 to 1996, when Arnoldo_Alemán was elected in her place.
	www.erdmond.com /Violeta_Chamorro.html (209 words)

	H.E. Violetta Barrios de Chamorro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Chamorro to take office, but she did, thanks in no small part to her political instincts in reaching out to the Sandinistas rather than retaliating against them.
		When Violeta Barrios married Pedro Chamorro, she knew that she was marrying a man whose life was devoted to politics.
		For a decade she denounced the Sandinistas, certain that she was defending the democratic ideal that Pedro would have stood for.
	thepathtopeacefoundation.org /violeta_chamorro.html (466 words)

	The Brewster Lecture, 1986
		Chamorro was the founder of the most important Conservative family in the country, even to the present.
		Pedro Joaquin Chamorro, the popular editor of the leading newspaper in the country, the Conservative La Prensa, however, played an increasingly important role in rallying popular opposition to the dynasty and in organizing opposition groups, often in collaboration with the Sandinistas.
		It was the assassination of Chamorro, on 10 January 1978, that brought a dramatic upsurge in support for the Sandinistas.
	www.ecu.edu /history/brewster/bl86.htm (6130 words)

	Violeta Chamorro - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In 1952, Chamorro's husband, Pedro Chamorro, took over the anti-Somoza newspaper La Prensa and was frequently jailed for its content.
		La Prensa helped to overthrow the Somoza dictatorship in 1979 and in Chamorro became a member of the interim junta that replaced it.
		Chamorro defeated Ortega and was elected president as leader of the 14-party National Opposition Union ticket and received 55% of the vote.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Violeta_Chamorro (230 words)

	Pedro Joaquín Chamorro, Nicaragua (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal,Director del diario La Prensa, el de mayor circulación en el país y líder de una alianza opositora para la remoción del poder de Anastasio Somoza Debayle, fué muerto a tiros de escopeta en su camino al trabajo en Managua el 10 de Enero de 1978.
		Sinembargo los miembros de la expedición fueron capturados y Chamorro traido por tercera vez para una corte militar, la cual lo senteció a nueve años en prisión por traición.
		Tres años más tarde, en Enero de 1978, Chamorro era asesinado por pistoleros anónimos quienes le dispararon desde un carro con escopeta.
	www.touring-costarica.com /pedrojes.html (690 words)

	Violeta Chamorro - Wikipedia en espaÃ±ol
		Violeta Barrios de Chamorro (nacida el 18 de octubre de 1929) es una dirigente polÃtica nicaragÃ¼ense, editora y antigua Presidente de Nicaragua.
		En 1952, su esposo Pedro Chamorro, comenzÃ³ a dirigir el diario La Prensa, contrario al dictador Anastasio Somoza a raÃz de lo cual fue encarcelado en varias ocasiones.
		Violeta Chamorro tomÃ³ el puesto de su marido en el perÃodico despuÃ©s de que el mismo fuera asesinado en 1978.
	es.wikipedia.org /wiki/Violeta_Chamorro (128 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Nicaragua Divided: La Prensa and the Chamorro Legacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Pedro Joaquin Chamorro, publisher-editor of the widely read Third World newspaper La Prensa, was assassinated in Managua in 1978, an event that triggered the Sandinista revolution that brought an end to the Somoza dictatorship.
		Also examined is the ideological split within Chamorro's family, reflecting the complex nature of what the author calls "this wrenching transitional period" in Nicaragua.
		This timely, informative, and highly readable book begins with the January 1978 assassination of Pedro Joaquin Chamorro Cardenal, ends just before the February 1990 elections won by Chamorro's widow, Violeta, and in between chronicles the sometimes divided life of this prominent political family and the newspaper with which it is associated, La Prensa.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0813009723 (337 words)

	Chamorro leaves office with economic regrets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		MANAGUA, Nicaragua -- As Nicaraguans chose a new president Sunday, the retiring Violeta Chamorro expressed regrets that the civil liberties she brought to Nicaragua could not be matched by economic progress.
		Barred by law from succeeding herself, Chamorro leaves office in January with a 60 percent jobless rate in the hemisphere's second-poorest nation.
		But many say Chamorro was the right person at the right time, a motherly figure whose personal life reflected what Nicaragua was going through.
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/world/96/10/21/nicaragua.html (460 words)

	Asesinato de Pedro Joaquin Chamorro Cardenal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Entre otras cosas dice: que como a las diez de la mañana de día de la muerte del Dr. Chamorro fue a la casa del Lic.
		Chamorro, contesta: " según las investigaciones como se venían desarrollando observo que el señor Chavarría andaba en la parte de atrás del carro Toyota que manejaba el señor Vega, pero que él los haya visto no".
		Chamorro, dejandose golpear por dicho automóvil, que esta persona iba a andar acompañada de algún familiar que le reclamase al Dr. Chamorro al momento para que en ese acto habría una discusión o disgusto que culminara con la muerte del Dr. Chamorro.
	www.touring-costarica.com /silvio.html (879 words)

	Nicaragua the Media
		Christiania Chamorro's tight control over La Prensa and reported refusal to permit criticism of her mother's government led to a rebellion among the editorial board and staff within a year after the 1990 election.
		The editorial staff, which included other family members, took the opportunity presented by Christiania Chamorro's official trip abroad with her mother in November 1990 to publish articles harshly critical of the government for its relations with Sandinista leaders.
		In January the staff forced Christiania Chamorro to resign as editor and removed Violeta Chamorro from the board of directors.
	www.country-studies.com /nicaragua/the-media.html (529 words)

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