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Topic: Pedro the Cruel, King of Castile

	Pedro of Castile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pedro (or Peter; August 30, 1334 – March 23, 1369), sometimes known as Pedro the Cruel (Pedro el Cruel) or Pedro the Lawful, was the king of Castile from 1350 to 1369.
		Pedro was to be married to Joan Plantagenet, the daughter of Edward III of England, but on the way to Castille, she travelled through cities infested with plague, ignoring townspeople who had warned her not to enter the town.
		Pedro's daughters by Maria de Padilla, Constance and Isabella, were each married to sons of Edward III, king of England, Constance to John of Gaunt and Isabella to Edmund of Langley.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peter_I_of_Castile (840 words)

	Edward, the Black Prince
		Born at Woodstock, he was created Prince of Wales in 1343, and proved to have a prodigious military talent, as shown by his victory at the Battle of Crecy at the age of only sixteen.
		The emblem of the Prince of Wales's feathers and its accompanying motto, "Ich dien", are said to have been inherited by the prince from King John of Bohemia[?], with whom he served at Crecy.
		Further military campaigning on behalf of Pedro the Cruel, King of Castile ruined Edward's health as well as his finances, and he was forced to give up the administration of Aquitaine and return to England.
	ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ed/Edward,_the_Black_Prince.html (329 words)

	March 23rd
		Pedro I, King of Castile, styled the Cruel has been stigmatised as unnatural, cruel, an infidel, and a fratricide; but Pedro's fratricide consisted in executing an illegitimate brother who was about to assassinate him, and his infidelity appears chiefly to have been hatred of the monks.
		King John had occupied the throne during nearly nine years, and had contrived to lose his continental territories, and to incur the hatred of his subjects; and he now quarrelled with the Church, --then a very formidable power.
		The ground of dispute was the appointment of an Archbishop of Canterbury; and as the ecclesiastics of Canterbury espoused the papal choice, John treated them with a degree of brutality which could not fail to provoke the utmost indignation of the Court of Rome.
	www.thebookofdays.com /months/march/23.htm (2713 words)

	Black Prince's Ruby (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Like many large red gems commonly called "rubies", it is in fact not a true ruby, but a spinel; the two gemstones can be distinguished on the basis of their hardnesses and densities, and the fact that a true ruby is dichroic while a spinel is singly refractive.
		The stone was given to Edward the Black Prince by Pedro the Cruel, king of Castile, on the victory of Najera in 1367.
		It was worn by Henry V of England at the battle of Agincourt, and was almost lost there.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/b/bl/black_prince_s_ruby.html (127 words)

	Worldroots.com
		Pedro I "the Cruel", King of Castile and Leon 1350-1369 and
		John joined his brother, the Prince of Wales, on his Spanish campaign to reinstate Pedro III 'the Cruel', King of Castile, who had been deposed by his half-brother Enrique of Trastamara.
		died in 1369, John of Gaunt married Constance, daughter of Pedro 'the Cruel' and, in 1372, claimed the Castilian crown in his wife's right, as her father had been murdered in 1369 by Enrique of Trastamara.
	worldroots.com /brigitte/royal/bio/johnofgauntbio.html (346 words)

	GENUKI: Princes of England
		After the fall of Harold at the battle of Hastings, he was actually proclaimed king at London, and appears to have been recognized for some time as such; however, he was one of the first to profess submission to the Conqueror, whom in the next year he followed into Normandy.
		During his stay in France he performed many other acts of heroism, till at length, in 1356, he won the great battle of Poitiers, when he took King John and his son prisoners, and distinguished himself as much by his courtesy to his captives as he had in the field by his unrivalled valour.
		In 1367 he went to the assistance of Pedro the Cruel, king of Castile, who had been dethroned by his brother, Henry of Trastamare.
	www.genuki.org.uk /big/royalty/prince.html (750 words)

	PokerRoom.com - Play poker online, Texas Hold'em and other games (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Executive summary: King of Castile 1333-69 (Which allowed him to shout from the highest tower - 'I'm the king of the castile & your a dirty rascal'.
		In 1354 the king was practically coerced by his mother and the nobles into marrying Blanche of Bourbon, but deserted her at once, for a long session at the tables (and won loads).
		In 1366 he was assailed by his bastard brother (every cruel king needs a bastard brother to moan about) Henry of Trastamara at the head of a host of soldiers of fortune, and fled the kingdom without daring to give battle (Cruel & yellow - what a guy!).
	www.pokerroom.com /pokah/profile/viewProfile.php?id=1459a5 (963 words)

	Pedro the Cruel
		Peter, or Pedro the Cruel, King of Castile (1333-1369), son of Alphonso XI and Maria, daughter of Alphonso IV of Portugal, was born in 1333.
		Peter began to reign at the age of sixteen, and found himself subjected to the control of his mother and her favorites.
		His daughters by Maria de Padilla, Constance and Isabella, were respectively married to John of Gaunt, and Edmund, Duke of York, sons of King Edward III of England.
	www.nndb.com /people/583/000095298 (575 words)

	Margaret Weatherford Column
		Edmund of Langley was the fourth son of King Edward III and the ancestor of the House of York, which competed with the House of Lancaster for the throne during the Wars of the Roses.
		The king angered his relatives and supporters among the aristocracy by secretly marrying a beautiful widow, Elizabeth Woodville, and further angered them by favoring her family over his.
		It is interesting that Henry VII was willing to continue the tradition of using the title of Duke of York for the sovereign’s second son, considering that he was the Lancastrian claimant to the throne and had fought the Yorkists.
	www.etoile.co.uk /Columns/Margaret/040704.html (946 words)

	Find in a Library: Pedro the Cruel of Castile, 1350-1369
		Subjects: Pedro -- I, -- King of Castile and Leon,
		Castile (Spain) -- History -- Peter I, 1350-1369.
		Castile (Spain) -- Kings and rulers -- Biography.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/20b7302af1521e3ea19afeb4da09e526.html (81 words)

	I10587: James Edward BUZZELL (____ - ____)
		Constance of Castile & LÉON Isabel of CASTILE
		[12801] Peter the Cruel (Spanish: 'Pedro el cruel') (1334-69), king of Castile and Leon (1350-69), the son of King Alfonso XI, born in Burgos.
		Peter owes his sobriquet the Cruel to his ready use of murder and execution to eliminate his political opponents, including, reportedly, several of his ambitious half brothers.
	www.aemyers.net /genealogy/d0002/g0000075.html (630 words)

	Plantagenet
		John Plantagenet married second Constance, elder daughter of Pedro the Cruel, King of Castile and Leon.
		Isabella was the daughter of Philip IV, King of France, who was known as Philip the Fair, and Jeanne, Queen of Navarre.
		Eleanor was the half-sister of Alphonso X of Castile, King of Spain.
	www.compusmart.ab.ca /reamjp/plantagenet.html (1459 words)

	Smart courtier John of Gaunt sought power, not a crown - The Washington Times: Books - August 22, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		They would be surprised to learn that John of Gaunt, far from being the ultranationalist that Shakespeare portrayed, devoted nearly 20 years of his life to pursuing his claim to be king of Castile and Leon, in Spain.
		His second wife, Constance, was the daughter of Pedro the Cruel, king of Castile.
		Edward III had launched that war in 1337 by proclaiming himself king of France as well as England, and Gaunt led an unsuccessful excursion from Calais to Bordeaux on behalf of his father in 1373.
	www.washingtontimes.com /books/20040821-103821-5249r.htm (1301 words)

	Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The palace most in evidence today was begun in 1364 by Pedro I the Cruel, King of Castile and Leon.
		The Patio of the Maidens (Patio de las Doncellas) is surrounded by decorated plasterwork arches by leading craftsmen from Granada which lead to rooms adorned with exotic tiles and beautiful ceilings.
		Pedro the Cruel, his wife Mariade Paldilla, Alfonso the Wise and his mother Beatrice of Sweden, are amongst the members of the royal families buried in the chapel (Capilla Real) at the east end of the cathedral.
	www.heritagesites.eu.com /spain/seville.htm (435 words)

	The history of Peter the Cruel, king of Castile and Leon (in MARION) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The history of Peter the Cruel, king of Castile and Leon / by Prosper Mérimée ; with additional notes.
		Castile (Spain) --History --Peter I, the Cruel, 1350-1369.
		Pedro I, King of Castile and Leon, 1334-1369.
	www-catalog.cpl.org /MARION/BBH-1641 (100 words)

	castile1
		(1087) Uracca, Queen of Castile and Leon (b 1081, d 08.03.1126, dau of Alfonso VI, King of Castile and Leon)
		Enrique I, King of of Castile (b 1204, dsp 1217)
		Pedro I 'the Cruel', King of Castile and Leon (b 1334, d 1369, 2nd son)
	www.stirnet.com /html/genie/continent/cc/castile1.htm (1721 words)

	Greg Bard's Genealogical Records
		Wife: Maria Juana de Padilla Birth: abt 1334 Sevilla, Andalucia (Castile), Spain Marriage: 1353 Pedro I "The Cruel" Alfonsez, King of Castile and Leon Burgos, Castilla y Leon (Castile), Spain Death: Jul 1361 Sevilla, Andalucia (Castile), Spain
		F Constanza Perez, Princess of Castile and Leon Birth: 1354 Castrojeriz, Burgos, Castilla y Leon, Spain Marriage: Sep 1371 John of Gaunt, Prince of England Rochefort-Sur-Mer, Charente-Maritime, France Death: 24 Mar 1394 Leicester, Leicestershire, England Burial: St. Mary, Leicester, Leicestershire, England
		F Isabel, Princess of Castile and Leon Birth: 1355 Morales, Tordesillas, Valladolid, Castilla y Leon, Spain Burial: 14 Jan 1392 Church of The Dominicans, Langley, Hertfordshire, England Death: 23 Dec 1392
	www.shocking.com /~gregbard/genealogy/fam02915.php (279 words)

	Leaders and Battles: Edward,
		During the battle, although his troops were fiercely outnumbered by King John II's French troops, he masterfully conquered his foe.
		He later ruled the province of Aquitaine on behalf of his father before campaigning again on behalf of Pedro the Cruel, King of Castile.
		During that time, his health, as well as his finances, declined and he was forced to return to England.
	www.lbdb.com /TMDisplayLeader.cfm?PID=5324 (163 words)

	King of Castile + Leon Pedro I the Cruel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		King of Castile + Leon Pedro I the Cruel
		Father: King of Castile+Leon Alfonso XI the Just
		Child: King of Castile + Leon Pedro I the Cruel
	worldroots.com /cgi-bin/gasteldb?@I09955@ (44 words)

	Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Another Visigothic site was used for the Alcazar, the former Moorish fortress and palace of the Christian kings (Alcazar de los Reyes Cristianos).
		It was converted by Alfonso XI in the early 14th century and subsequently became a residence of Ferdinando II and Isabel.
		Almodovar del Rio, 15km west of Medina Azahara on the C431, is the former Moorish castle used by Pedro the Cruel, King of Castile and Leon in the 14th century.
	www.heritagesites.eu.com /spain/cordoba.htm (486 words)

	The Hysterical Historian: Sobriquets
		I suspect that I was arguing that History was a wonderfully entertaining diversion just as long as one looked at the unusual, grotesque, odd and amusing in the historical record.
		The first is that he was badly advised (Unready having an archaic meaning to this effect), the second that he was ill-prepared, and the third that he inadvertently urinated into the christening font (as many babies have done before and since), thereby defiling the holy water and showing himself 'unready' (meaning unfit) to rule.
		You forgot Bazil the Bulgar slayer, the Byzantine Ruler.
	www.foxearth.org.uk /blog/2005/02/sobriquets.html (360 words)

	► » maternal charges as differences in BRF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Mr Peter Gwynn-Jones, Garter Principal King of Arms,...
		alone heiress of Pedro the Cruel, king of Castile and Leon.
		borne a label per pale Castile and Leon.
	www.e-news2.com /maternal-charges-as-differences-in-BRF-10244221.html (443 words)

	Edmund Plantagenet "Duke" of York/Isabella "Princess" of Castile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Edmund Plantagenet "Duke" of York/Isabella "Princess" of Castile
		Born: 5 JUN 1341 at: King's Langley,Hertfordshire,England Married: 5 JUN 1371 at: Hertford Castle,England Died: 1 AUG 1402 at: King's Langley,Hertfordshire,England Father:+~Edward III "King"* of England Mother:+~*Philippa of Hainaut Other Spouses:
		Born: 1355 at: Tordesillas,Valladolid,Spain Died: 23 NOV 1393 at: Father:Pedro "the Cruel" "King" of Castile & Leon Mother:Maria de Pedilla Other Spouses:
	mariah.stonemarche.org /famfiles/fam00952.htm (111 words)

	Rotherham Web: Edmund of Langley, first duke of York (1341-1402)
		Edmund, first duke of York (1341-1402), prince, brother of John of Gaunt, was the fifth (but fourth surviving) son of Edward III, king of England, and Philippa of Hainault, daughter of William, count of Hainault and Holland.
		The earl died without an heir male and the king granted Edmund his lands north of the Trent.
		Edmund, married In 1372,Isabel, daughter and coheir of Pedro the Cruel, king of Castile and Leon.
	www.rotherhamweb.co.uk /h/el.htm (365 words)

	Royal Insight > November 2002 > Mailbox > Page 2
		Tradition has it that the ruby was presented to the Black Prince by Pedro the Cruel, King of Castile, after the battle of Najera in 1367.
		It was given in gratitude for the Black Prince offering Pedro refuge from his enemies.
		During its history it has been in many State crowns, as it has always been considered lucky to have a big red gemstone as one of the major ornaments in the Imperial State Crown.
	www.royal.gov.uk /OutPut/Page1781.asp (560 words)

	Pedro I King of Castile and Leon 1334-1369 books, find the lowest prices
		Pedro I King of Castile and Leon 1334-1369 books, find the lowest prices
		Subjects : Pedro I King of Castile and Leon 1334-1369
		The Metamorphosis of Lope De Vega's King Pedro : (the Treatment of Pedro I De Castilla in the Drama of Lope De Vega)
	allbookstores.com /Pedro_I_King_Of_Castile_And_Leon_1334-1369_p2sd.html (120 words)

	edwards-christiansen - pafg45 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		She was buried in Beverley Minster, Beverley, Yorkshire, England.
		Payn De ROET Sir Knight Guienne King of Arms was born about 1310 in Of, Hainault, Hainault, Belgium.
		Mrs-Payn De ROET was born about 1315 in Of, Picardy, Somme, France.
	ourworld.cs.com /jdaddy2170/edwards-christiansen/pafg45.htm (554 words)

	I8231: PEDRO The Cruel, King of Castile & Lancaster (____ - ____) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		I8231: PEDRO The Cruel, King of Castile & Lancaster (____ - ____)
		PEDRO The Cruel, King of Castile & Lancaster
		HTML created by GED2HTML v3.6-WIN95 (Jan 18 2000) with modifications made by Rich Wendling
	www.members.tripod.com /richwendling/d0062/I8231.html (45 words)

	Amazon.ca: Pedro the Cruel of Castile, 1350-1369: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Amazon.ca: Pedro the Cruel of Castile, 1350-1369: Books
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	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/9004100946 (132 words)

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