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	Carrier Hotels: The Economics of Peering
		Peering allows two providers exchanging large volumes of traffic to save money by connecting directly, rather than routing traffic through their paid transit lines.
		Peering arrangements are often "settlement free," but not always, according to Guarnieri.
		If both providers find that peering is in their interest, there is the question of how to connect, and how much it will cost.
	www.carrierhotels.com /news/May2002/peering.shtml (574 words)

	Peering at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Most peering points are located in colocation centres, where the different network operators 'co-locate' their Points of Presence.
		They are all connected at their peering points and supported by the Border gateway protocol (BGP) which allows them to avoid any central authority to coordinate the operation of the Internet.
		Peering as a customer-provider relationship is most common at the bottom tiers of the Internet business.
	www.wiki.tatet.com /Peering.html (300 words)

	Peering
		Peering (the exchange of zero-cost traffic between consenting parties), as opposed to transit (payment by a customer to a network provider, to carry traffic over the providers infrastructure) is principally a social, political and economic problem.
		The technical procedures needed to implement peering are well defined and relatively straightforward, when compared with the machinations required to get agreement to exchange routes with a prospective peer.
		In general, peering in New Zealand is no harder, and arguably easier to organise than elsewhere in the world.
	www.citylink.co.nz /community/peering.html (490 words)

	The unrealized Dream of Voice Peering - End to end voice over IP may be coming, but backbone providers will decide just ...
		Peering is the way to do that," says Raj Sharma, founder of Nextone, a manufacturer of a new equipment category that has come to be known as the session controller, and is used to enable VoIP peering.
		In voice peering, as in simple peering, the overall aim is to achieve some consistency in traffic management end to end.
		Peering obviously frees major carriers from the needless burden of executing complex billing procedures that would probably result in a wash, but initially the practice was advocated as much to achieve end to end QoS as to reduce administrative overhead - one hand washing the other, so to speak.
	www.americasnetwork.com /americasnetwork/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=84746 (1452 words)

	Attributes of peering-set objects
		Peering is used for importing or exporting IPv4 routes.
		Although the peering attribute is optional, at least one peering or mp-peering must be present in the peering-set object.
		Although the mp-peering attribute is optional, at least one peering or mp-peering must be present in the peering-set object.
	www.apnic.net /db/ref/attributes/attributes-peering-set.html (382 words)

	Telecommunications International: Peering into the future: peering and transit are the two most established methods to ...
		Telecommunications International: Peering into the future: peering and transit are the two most established methods to exchange internet traffic over different carrier networks.
		Peering into the future: peering and transit are the two most established methods to exchange internet traffic over different carrier networks.
		Peering is settlement-free, where the traffic exchanged between the parties is deemed to be of equal value.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0IUL/is_8_37/ai_107489078 (529 words)

	Peering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A peering point is a physical location where multiple ISPs exchange Internet traffic with their peers in so-called peering arrangements.
		Not all peering happens at neutral peering points: private peering between large providers is very common, as is a customer-provider relationship, particularly at the bottom tiers of the Internet business.
		Peering has three elements: the physical interconnection of the networks, technical liaison between the networks to allow exchange of routes, and the commercial and contractual peering agreements.
	www.websign.sk /pe/Peering_agreement.html (317 words)

	Define peering - a Whatis.com definition
		Peering requires the exchange and updating of router information between the peered ISPs, typically using the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).
		Peering parties interconnect at network focal points such as the network access points (NAP) in the United States and at regional switching points.
		Private peering is peering between parties that are bypassing part of the public backbone network through which most Internet traffic passes.
	searchnetworking.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci212768,00.html (341 words)

	The New Zealand Peering Environment
		This is a document in the style of "The Evolution of the U.S. Internet Peering Ecosystem" and "The Asia Pacific Internet Peering Ecosystem" (both by William B Norton ) but dealing specifically with the New Zealand situation.
		TCL has withdrawn from peering and requires other network operators (private or public) to pay for a domestic combined peering and transit service and connect with them at a private transit point.
		Those peers who were retail ISPs could be expected to bill a similar amount to their paying customers.
	www.peering.net.nz /NZPeeringEnvironment.html (2050 words)

	Open Peering Initiative - How does it work
		Peering can be done one-on-one, via a direct interconnection (often a leased line or a simple network cable if you share a location somewhere).
		Those peering agreements are normally not provisioned by the exchange: AMS-IX for example is a neutral organization which only provides a physical infrastructure for exchanging traffic but does not interfere with the politics of peering or peering negotiations.
		Some parties publish their peering policy on their website or via the the Internet exchanges they are connected to (for example look at the fields named "Peering Policy:" on the AMS-IX website).
	www.openpeering.nl /info/howdoesitwork.html (1564 words)

	Peering - Waikato Linux Users Group
		From an ISP point of view peering is beneficial as it reduces the amount of traffic passed on to your transit provider (hence lowering the cost of that link).
		Traditionally peering happens between large players in the Internet market such as Telcos and ISPs, however there are also benefits for large sources or sinks of traffic to peer at a peering point for the same reasons as an ISP (it reduces their reliance on purchased transit).
		Peering breaks down when peers are not honest brokers for their customers--widespread peering increases redundancy and reduces the pressure on long-distance links, but there are certain pricing schemes which do not provide incentive for peers to do this.
	www.wlug.org.nz /Peering (484 words)

	WiscNet Peering Policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		We require that peers announce the same routing policy at all points where they peer with us, unless other arrangements are made.
		Private peers must, and public peers are encouraged to, have NOCs with email addresses, phone numbers, and 24x7 coverage.
		Peers must not abuse the peering relationship by doing any of the following non exhaustive list: pointing default, resetting next hop, selling or giving next hop to others, sending prefixes longer than /24, and so forth.
	www.noc.wiscnet.net /peering (302 words)

	Interconnection, Peering, and Settlements
		The determination of peer or client is now quite simple: a client is an entity that operates without such a carrier license, and a peer is one that has been granted such an instrument.
		Peering in such an environment is best expressed as the balance of perceptions, in which each party perceives an acceptable approximation of equal benefit in the interconnection relationship in their own terms.
		The SKA peer's ability to leverage advantage from the greater level of investment (assuming that the other party is the smaller party) is now no longer a factor, because the smaller ISP sees only those parts of the larger ISP that sit within a well-defined local or regional zone.
	www.isoc.org /inet99/proceedings/1e/1e_1.htm (13742 words)

	Conxion on Peering
		Peering is a mutual arrangement in which one ISP agrees to exchange routing information and direct access to, and with, another ISP.
		In every case we are aware of a peering problem, we have sent many requests to them, including email, FedEx, letters, and telephone conversations with their CEOs.
		Please note that only networks that might view us as a competitive threat are doing this, and perhaps have some agenda that leads to their action.
	www.scripting.com /davenet/stories/ConxiononPeering.html (478 words)

	Proposed Chicago NAP Peering Agreement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Peering for route exchange at the NAP between all NAP participants.
		Peering for the purposes of this agreement will be defined as the advertising of routes via BGP4 for customers of the NAP participants.
		All traffic passing across the NAP between peers shall not be filtered or tampered with, nor shall it be examined for content.
	nap.aads.net /MLPA.html (370 words)

	BT Global Services: Peering Information
		BT Global Services' extensive peering arrangements are a critical component to providing outstanding connectivity and performance for our customers as well as increased service resilience through diversified routing.
		Peering is the bedrock of our network and we actively expand our peering egress capacity in line with traffic growth to maintain world class performance.
		Any Operational problems with our peerings can be reported to support@bt.net or 0800 699879 for AS2856 or to peertech@eu.bt.net or +31 20 200 1212 for AS5400.
	www.bt.net /info/peering.shtml (385 words)

	When private peering arrangements go bad
		Private peering is the act of two ISPs establishing dedicated connections to their respective networks.
		The idea behind private peering is that both ISPs are exchanging about the same amount of traffic and are operating similar networks.
		Peers are restricted on how much traffic they can send, but they are also expected to maintain a certain level of traffic.
	www.networkworld.com /archive/2001/121755_06-11-2001.html (869 words)

	HopOne Internet Corporation -- The Foundation of Internet Success
		hopone.net (AS 14361) maintains a generally open peering policy and is willing to peer with any technically-competent, 24x7x365 live NOC, network/backbone or ISP at any exchange point(s) where both parties meet, as long as the peer can meet us at both coasts as a minimum (exceptions may be made on individual case basis).
		For private peering, a minimum of 20 Mb/s average or 40 Mb/s 95th percentile sustained traffic over the three (3) immediately preceeding months is required to have been exchanged between the two potential peer networks.
		We treat peering at the same high level as commercial transit (aim for no excessive latency or packet loss) and expect the same from our peers.
	www.hopone.net /peering.php (307 words)

	Peering (Linktionary term)
		Peering refers to a relationship between two service providers that agree to exchange traffic and routing policies, usually across a direct link that the two service providers establish.
		Peering agreements may take place between local ISPs or ISPs that provide the major backbone networks of the Internet.
		A useful document is RFC 2650 (Using RPSL in Practice, August 1999), which discusses the RPSL language and peering policies.
	www.linktionary.com /p/peering.html (331 words)

	Primus: Peering Policy
		Primus is willing to peer publicly with networks that are connected to two or more exchange points we have in common in any region.
		All Private Peers will meet the criteria defined above and agrees that the bandwidth of the Private Peering connection will be determined by current and periodic (6 month) reviews of traffic exchange.
		Private peering will be done on a negotiated basis with location and cost as agreed to by both parties.
	www.primustel.com /docs/aupeeringpolicy.html (424 words)

	ISP-Planet - Business - The Quilt Fosters Rural Peering
		The Quilt, with a budget of $300,000 a year, is a cross between a volunteer research project, a lobbying group with consolidated buying power, and a forum aimed at exchanging business practices between educational and non-profit Internet 2 participants representing their common interests to commercial partners.
		The fact that peering points are popping up in the locales that previously had little in terms of networking infrastructure is not lost on other constituencies around GigaPOPs.
		Most large peering contracts are established on the national level, and explaining how local peering would impact national peering sometimes can get overwhelming for all parties involved.
	www.isp-planet.com /business/2003/quilt.html (778 words)

	Opentransit / France Telecom Peering Policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This Peering policy was created in 2001 and has since been upated in July 2002, March 2003, May 2004 and July 2005.
		Peering legs must be implemented in geographically dispersed locations (ie more than 250 miles apart).
		Peering partner must operate on dedicated IP circuits of at least OC-48 in the US or in Europe.
	vision.opentransit.net /docs/peering_policy (264 words)

	AT&T: AT&T Global IP Network Peering Policy
		Peering requests with ASNs covering ATandT European, Latin American, Canadian or Asia-Pacific IP backbones are handled on an individual case basis.
		Peer must use the same peering AS at each US interconnection point, and must advertise a consistent set of routes at each point.
		Existing peers of AS7018 will have their peering status reviewed periodically to ensure joint capacity planning and to ensure that all criteria continue to be met.
	www.sbcbackbone.net /peering (1512 words)

	Open Peering Initiative - Registry - MLPA
		This is done by peering for route exchange between Open Peering MLPA participants at one or more exchange points where this MLPA is technically supported by one or more Open Peering Peering Accelerator(s).
		All traffic passing across the Open Peering based exchange point(s) as a result of this MLPA between MLPA participants shall not be filtered or tampered with, nor shall it be examined for content.
		Participants agrees to maintain sufficient bandwidth to the Open Peering based exchange point(s) they are connected to, to keep their connections to Open Peering Peering Accelerator(s) congestion free.
	www.openpeering.nl /registry/mlpa.html (1385 words)

	AARNet3: Peering
		Peering is a commercial relationship between two Internet Service Providers (ISP) where they agree to provide access to (part of) each other's networks and services.
		Peering might take place over dedicated circuits or via a shared peering fabric (typically located at a neutral collocation facility or Internet exchange).
		AARNet is not interested in peering just for the sake of it but needs to see some value in the arrangement.
	www.aarnet.edu.au /engineering/aarnet3/peering.html (383 words)

	ISC Peering
		ISC is also engaged in a project to deploy instances of the F root nameserver everywhere on Terra using an anycast routing technique.
		These remote instances are usually deployed close to exchange points, and network operators are welcome to peer with us there to increase their visibility of (and improve their access to) the F root nameserver.
		ISC reserves the right to discontinue peering with other organisations which do not respond appropriately to reports of network abuse, or to organisations which do not follow the technical guidelines for propagation of the F-Root service supernet, as described below.
	www.isc.org /ops/peering (270 words)

	More peering clashes seen possible
		Peering is a contractual relationship between ISPs that allows them to exchange Internet traffic over each other's backbone networks.
		ISP experts fear that peering disputes could become more common after the mergers between ATandT and SBC, and MCI and Verizon, are completed.
		Peering disputes such as this one were more common in the late 1990s, as UUnet and other major Internet backbones began moving from free to paid peering arrangements.
	www.networkworld.com /news/2005/102405-peering.html?fsrc=rss-carriers (1199 words)

	Technorati Tag: peering
		Voice Peering Forum Spring 2006 March 30-31, Miami beach, Florida free conference on voice peering, and least-cost-routing and more.
		Voice Peering Summit in Miami -- Just Arrived I just landed in Miami and am pretty excited to be at the Voice Peering Forum later today.
		VoIP Peering keeps Reappearing March 27, 2006 Everywhere I look there is more VoIP peering news.
	www.technorati.com /tag/peering (529 words)

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