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Topic: Peers and Parliament

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House of Lords Act 1999

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	PARLIAMENT - LoveToKnow Article on PARLIAMENT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The demands of the former parliament were reiterated with greater boldness and persistence, the evil councillors of the late reign were driven out, and it was conceded that the principal officers of state should be appointed and removed, during the minority of Richard II., upon the advice of the lords.
		In the view of parliament they were of no value, and complaints had been made that they were under the influence of the nobles and greater landowners; but a popular element had been withdrawn from the county representation, and the restricted franchise cannot have impaired the influence of the nobles.
		The frequent differences between the two houses during the parliament of i88o--i885, culminating in the postponement by the upper house of the Reform Bill, caused the status of that house to be much, discussed during the general election of 1885, and proposals for its mending or ending to be freely canvassed on Radical platforms.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PA/PARLIAMENT.htm (18810 words)

	Representative peer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the United Kingdom, representative peers were individuals elected by the members of the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of Ireland to represent them in the British House of Lords.
		The English peers feared that the House of Lords would be swamped by the Scottish element, and consequently arranged for the election of a small number of representative peers to represent Scotland.
		Under the Act of Union of 1707, the peers of Scotland were entitled to elect sixteen representative peers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parliament_and_the_Peerage (2007 words)

	The Avalon Project : The Manner of Holding Parliament.
		Nor have justices of themselves the right of recording in parliament, unless a new power has been assigned or given them in parliament through the king or the peers of parliament: as when they are assigned, with other members of parliament, to hear and dispose of different petitions and complaints put forth in parliament.
		The matters for which parliament has been summoned ought to be deliberated upon according to the calendar of parliament, and according to the order of the petitions delivered and filed; no respect being had for the persons of any one; but he who first made a proposition shall act first.
		Parliament shall be held in whatever place of the kingdom it pleases the king.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/medieval/manner.htm (2578 words)

	LORD HIGH STEWARD - LoveToKnow Article on LORD HIGH STEWARD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The household of the Norman and Angevin kings of England included certain persons of secondary~ rank, styled dapifers, seneschals or stewards (the prototypes of the lord steward), who were entrusted with domestic and state duties; the former duties were those of purveyors and sewers to the king, the latter were undefined.
		He himself never acted as judge in parliament; but in 1415 he was appointed to preside at the judgment of peers delivered in Southampton against Richard, earl of Cambridge, and Lord Scrope of Masham, who had been previously tried by commissioners of oyer and terminer.
		Under the Stuarts the criminal jurisdiction of parliament was again resorted to, and when the proceedings against a peer were founded on indictment the appointment of a steward followed as a matter of settled practice.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /L/LO/LORD_HIGH_STEWARD.htm (1506 words)

	Ireland Information Guide , Irish, Counties, Facts, Statistics, Tourism, Culture, How
		Peers of England, Peers of Great Britain and Peers of the United Kingdom were all members of the House of Lords, but Peers of Scotland and Peers of Ireland merely elected Representative Peers.
		Peers were required to take such oaths and make such declarations before sitting in the House of Lords, voting in elections of representative peers and sitting on juries trying other peers for felonies.
		Elections for peers were resumed by the House of Lords Act 1999, under which ninety hereditary peers are elected by their counterparts to serve in the House of Lords.
	www.irelandinformationguide.com /Peers_and_Parliament (4168 words)

	India Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		After the Union between England and Scotland in 1707, Scottish peers (even those who did not sit as representative peers) were barred from sitting in the House of Commons.
		It was provided that Irish peers (but not representative peers) could serve from a constituency in Great Britain provided they gave up their privileges.
		Irish peers were not required to renounce the privilege of the Peerage before taking their seats in the Lower House.
	www.indiaencyclopedia.com /index.php?title=Representative_peer (2000 words)

	[No title]
		Wherefore, as judges of parliament, the said earls, barons, and peers, by the assent of the king in the same parliament, awarded and adjudged that the said Roger, as a traitor and enemy to the king and to the kingdom, should be drawn[2] and hanged.
		And it should be remembered that on the same day the earls and barons in attendance at the said parliament granted, for themselves and for their peers of the land holding by barony, the tenth sheaf, the tenth fleece, and the tenth lamb from all their demesne lands.
		And at every parliament their offices shall be taken into the king's hands and they [shall be held] to answer to those who may see fit to complain against them.
	www.constitution.org /sech/sech_061.txt (4002 words)

	Devolved English Parliament - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The 'English' parliament (which also included representatives from Wales) ceased to exist as part of the parliamentary Act of Union of 1707 between the two kingdoms which created the Parliament of Great Britain.
		Following the first elections to the newly created Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly and Northern Ireland Assembly in 1999 England was left as the only nation in the United Kingdom, besides Cornwall, with no separate representative body, although the Northern Ireland Assembly has been subject to periods of suspension.
		Alternatively, some would have this parliament take the form of an English Grand Committee in the United Kingdom House of Commons rather than as a new body with separate elections, while some see it as replacing the House of Commons, with a reformed House of Lords being the sole UK chamber.
	www.butte-silverbow.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Devolved_English_Parliament (713 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Henry VIII
		In 1521 the most prominent noble in England, the Duke of Buckingham, was condemned to death for high treason by a subservient House of Peers, simply because the king suspected him of aiming at the succession and had determined that he must die.
		A year later Parliament under pressure passed an edict forbidding the payment to the Holy See of Annates or first-fruits, but the operation of it was for the present suspended at the sovereign's pleasure, and the king was meanwhile solicited to come to an amicable understanding with "His Holiness" on the subject of the divorce.
		Under this act offenders were sent to the stake for their Protestantism just as ruthlessly as the aged Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, was attainted by Parliament and eventually beheaded, simply because Henry was irritated by the denunciations of her son Cardinal Pole.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07222a.htm (3376 words)

	CNN.com - Green light for embryo cloning - January 22, 2001
		Peers in parliament's upper chamber voted by 212 to 92 on Monday to allow research using stem cells to develop treatments for killer diseases such as leukaemia, Parkinson's and cancer.
		Independent peer Lord Alton, a "pro-life" campaigner, released a letter from Tibetan spiritual leader the Dalai Lama, Archbishop of Canterbury George Carey and Britain's Chief Rabbi Jonathan Sacks, urging parliament to set aside the laws.
		Alton said the government was railroading the order through parliament without proper scrutiny and proposed a motion that would freeze the legislation until a special committee had heard exhaustive evidence from experts.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/europe/UK/01/22/cloning.reut (593 words)

	Irvine scorns prospect of saving hereditary peers
		Speaking as peers spent a second day debating the committee stage of the House of Lords Bill, he said he was confident that the legislation was watertight.
		Conservative peers have threatened to bring a court case against the Bill after a lawyer advised them that a clause was flawed.
		Writs are issued at the start of each Parliament to all eligible to sit, including hereditaries, and to those who succeed to a hereditary peerage or are created life peers during a Parliament.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1999/04/28/nlor28.html (371 words)

	Peeres (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Peeres subsigne this Answer with their names and Petrus de Mounford vice totius Comminitatis, as speaker or proctor of the commons.
		The banishment of the two Spencers in the 15 of Edward the second, Prelait Comites and Barones et les autres Peere de la terre and Communes de Roialme give consent and sentence to the revocation and reversement of the former sentence the Lords and Commons accord, and so it is expressed in the Roll.
		When in the first yeere of Richard the second, William Weston and John Jennings were arraigned in Parliament for surrendring certaine Forts of the Kings, the Commons were parties to the sentence against them given, as appeareth by a memorandum annexed to that Record.
	socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca /~econ/ugcm/3ll3/selden/peeres.htm (730 words)

	Modernising Parliament - Reforming the House of Lords (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		But in the case of the hereditary peers as a group, the fact that they are not selected on this, or any other basis, is not the same as saying they are politically independent.
		So the dominance of hereditary peers in the House of Lords is untenable regardless of the party they support, both because it is based on an unsustainable principle, and because it produces undemocratic results.
		The numerical predominance enjoyed by hereditary peers in today's House of Lords is not only a legacy from hundreds of years ago it is in part due to large numbers of relatively recently created peerages.
	www.archive.official-documents.co.uk /document/cm41/4183/ref-05.htm (1669 words)

	Joint Committee on The Draft Corruption Bill - First Report
		The importance of such freedom of speech in Parliament was recognised recently when the European Court of Human Rights rejected an action against the UK in respect of what an MP had said in debate.[140] That case concerned an MP who in 1996 initiated a debate on municipal housing policy.
		Parliament should be aware of the implications of legislating in ways which make it appear as though the only place where one could lawfully act in corrupt ways is in the Houses of Parliament.
		We also recommend that, to the extent that the words or actions of an MP or peer are admissible for or against him, they should also be admissible for or against all co-defendants in respect of corruption offences based on the same facts.
	www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk /pa/jt200203/jtselect/jtcorr/157/15707.htm (3136 words)

	Sources of English Constitutional History: Chapter 61
		Wherefore, as judges of parliament, the said earls, barons, and peers, by the assent of the king in the same parliament, awarded and adjudged that the said Roger, as a traitor and enemy to the king and to the kingdom, should be drawn
		And then the reasons for the summons of this parliament were set forth and explained to the lords and to the commons, so that in this connection their counsel and advice might be obtained in the best manner possible.
		The report, guaranteeing the trial of peers in parliament, was embodied in a statute duly sealed by the king; but this was one of the acts annulled by the king in the following year (no. 62C).
	www.constitution.org /sech/sech_061.htm (4543 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| MPs and peers in Camp Delta plea
		The "amicus curiae" ("friend of the court") brief, signed by peers and MPs from all parties, is the first ever to be filed by UK parliamentarians with the US's highest court.
		The MPs and peers argue generally on behalf of the 650 detainees from 42 countries that under the US constitution, which derived from the English bill of rights, the executive is fully accountable for its actions to the courts.
		On behalf of the nine British detainees, they say some were innocently caught up in the Afghan conflict, and a majority were seized in foreign countries - in some cases far from the conflict - in circumstances that cast doubt on the legitimacy of their detention.
	www.guardian.co.uk /guantanamo/story/0,13743,1120151,00.html (450 words)

	New Statesman: Just a lordly lottery winner - proposed abolition of hereditary peers in British Parliament (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Another potential loss to the nation is the breadth of experience and specialisation of the hereditary peers, who typically have not been too busy pursuing careers in politics to learn about anything else.
		A further plus is that the hereditary peers' lack of dependence on public opinion (often cited as their greatest drawback) can afford them a precious objectivity.
		To correct this, a system could be devised whereby the hereditary peers voted a certain proportion of their number to make up part of a revised chamber, with the stipulation that no more than half could belong to any one party.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0FQP/is_n4306_v125/ai_19021761 (1043 words)

	Peerage of Ireland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Peerage of Ireland is the term used for those peers created by British monarchs in their capacity as Lord or King of Ireland.
		Before 1801, Irish Peers had the right to sit in the Irish House of Lords, but after the Union in 1801, Irish peers, like those of Scotland, only elected representative peers — twenty-eight in number — to the House of Lords (see List of Irish representative peers).
		Also, if the peer holds a lower title in the Peerages of England, Great Britain, or the United Kingdom, and therefore sat by such a peerage in the House of Lords, such a lower title is listed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peerage_of_Ireland (911 words)

	BBC News \| UK Politics \| Peers back down on reform clash
		Peers have backed off from a head on confrontation with the government over Labour plans to expel hundreds of hereditary peers from Parliament.
		The bill is currently undergoing its committee stage debate in the Lords where peers examine the detail of the bill, line by line.
		The amendment would allow 91 hereditary peers to remain in the House while the government deliberates over the second stage of Lords reform.
	news.bbc.co.uk /low/english/uk_politics/newsid_324000/324601.stm (444 words)

	POLS 171 Exam 2 Short answers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Bundesrat is more powerful than the House of Lords because the former contributes to an active federalism and limits the power of the national government by advocating the interests of the Lander.
		The House of Lords is based on life peerage due to the Act of Parliament 1997 which phases in the expiration of hereditary peers.
		The Parliament Act of 1911 completed the shift in power away from the House of Lords to the House of Commons.
	employees.oneonta.edu /comptorw/pols171exam2shortanswers.htm (400 words)

	Articles - Lord Spiritual (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Some contend that archbishops and diocesan bishops are peers during their tenures in the House of Lords, while others argue that only the Lords Temporal are peers.
		Despite their failure to be tried as temporal peers in the House of Lords, it remained unclear whether or not the Lords Spiritual were indeed peers.
		Peers, however, were and still are counsellors of the Sovereign whether Parliament is in session or not; therefore, if the Bishops were indeed peers, they would be free to send petitions.
	gaple.com /articles/Lord_Spiritual?mySession=fbb9cf33a5dff7dc362ba26... (937 words)

	Middle East Times
		She was propelled onto the tribal political scene by the 1989 murder of her husband, president Rene Moawad.
		A UN goodwill ambassador and respected activist who has devoted her life to improving women's conditions in Lebanon and other Arab countries, Hariri, 53, insists on introducing herself as "the sister of the martyr".
		Ghinwa Jallul, a professor of computer sciences, ran for parliament for the first time in 2000 on Hariri's ticket in Beirut and is competing again as a candidate for the late premier's Future Bloc.
	www.metimes.com /articles/normal.php?StoryID=20050523-071732-1579r (628 words)

	ir_docs6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Catholics can be judges, majors, sheriffs, aldermen, common councilmen, peers of parliament, members of parliament, everything, in short, everything.
		The crying wants of the poor, the increasing indigence of the people, demand the restoration of the parliament which will not only keep at home 'the rents' but diminish their amount....
		The machine of the state would break to pieces unless we consolidate it by a domestic legislation and thus preserve the kingdom of Ireland for the King's crown, and the connection for the benefit of both countries....
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/harlandj/ireland/irish_docs/ir_docs6.html (2014 words)

	Britain Approves Cloning of Unborn Children for Stem Cell Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Peers in parliament's upper chamber voted by 212 to 92 to allow the cloning and research.
		Independent peer Lord Alton, a pro-life advocate, released a letter from Tibetan spiritual leader the Dalai Lama, Archbishop of Canterbury George Carey and Britain's Chief Rabbi Jonathan Sacks, urging parliament to reject the laws.
		Alton's amendment fell as the government bought off opponents by promising to allow a committee of experts to scrutinize the ethics and science of the issue as long as the House of Lords voted the order through.
	www.euthanasia.com /ukclone.html (462 words)

	BARONY OF BALQUHAIN WHITE PAPER: SCOTTISH BARONS IN PARLIAMENT: TRADITIONAL RIGHTS vs FEUDAL OBLIGATIONS
		This is why it is generally held that after 40 years of not exercising the right to sit in Parliament, by 1627, those Barons had lost their right to sit in Parliament qua Barons, by negative prescription.
		According to the above, attending Parliament is a right or privilege which cannot be lost due to negative prescription, and that the Barones Minores, as a group, still have the right to attend Parliament.
		As of March 2000 there are only 670 peers (including 75 elected hereditary peers and 17 who are office holders or have ceremonial offices) remaining in the House of Lords [8].
	members.aol.com /balquhain/Parliament.html (1612 words)

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