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	Rocket - MSN Encarta
		Rockets are very powerful, but it is often more efficient to use several rockets, rather than a single rocket, to move an object to the desired place.
		Chemical rockets use chemicals, in solid or liquid form, for fuel and oxidizer, or the chemical that contains the oxygen needed to burn the fuel (together, the fuel and oxidizer are called the propellant).
		The huge solid rocket boosters of the space shuttle are put together in sections and are capable of about 13 million N (about 3 million lb) of thrust.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761577900_3/Rocket.html (2277 words)

	Pegasus Turns Ten
		Ten years ago this week -- on April 5, 1990 -- a new era in the commercial space industry took flight when Orbital Sciences' Pegasus rocket was launched for the first time from beneath a NASA B-52 carrier aircraft in a mission that originated from Dryden Flight Research Center in California.
		Twenty-eight orbital missions and ten years later, Pegasus has become one of the world's most recognizable symbols of the "New Space Age," a time when commercial satellite operators, not government agencies, have become the driving force behind the global space industry.
		Pegasus is carried aloft by the company-owned L-1011 "Stargazer" aircraft to an altitude of approximately 40,000 feet over open ocean areas, is released and then free-falls in a horizontal position for five seconds before igniting its first stage rocket motor to begin its ascent into orbit.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/orbsci-00a.html (794 words)

	Chapter 6 -- Rockets and Rocket Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The greater excess thrust means greater rocket acceleration in a unit known as g's or numbers of times the norm al acceleration due to gravity at 9.8 meters/second2.
		This system is really only a partially reusable rocket because the orbiter, the space shuttle main engines and the solid rocket boosters return to be used again, but the shuttle's largest component, the external tank, is thrown away after use by letting it crash into either the Indian or Pacific Oceans.
		Rockets did not just appear for modern humanity to start using; they are the result of years and years of evolution.
	www.space.edu /projects/book/chapter6.html (2268 words)

	Pegasus: Winged Rocket 10 Years Old
		Pegasus was a trailblazer in the early years of a U.S. commercial launch industry created in the wake of changes in national policy.
		The winged rocket is launched from the belly of a carrier jet flying 40,000 feet (12,190 meters) high.
		Initially, the rocket leased the services of NASA’s historic B 52 bomber and was dropped from the airplane’s right wing.
	www.space.com /news/spacehistory/pegasus_anniversary_000405.html (595 words)

	Pegasus
		On April 5, 1990, Orbital began a new era in commercial space flight when our Pegasus rocket was launched for the first time from beneath a NASA B-52 carrier aircraft in a mission that originated from Dryden Flight Research Center in California.
		The three-stage Pegasus is used by commercial, government and international customers to deploy small satellites weighing up to 1,000 pounds into low-Earth orbit.
		Pegasus is carried aloft by our "Stargazer" L-1011 aircraft to approximately 40,000 feet over open ocean, where it is released and then free-falls in a horizontal position for five seconds before igniting its first stage rocket motor.
	www.orbital.com /SpaceLaunch/Pegasus/index.html (302 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Pegasus Launch Report \| The Pegasus rocket
		Pegasus XL is a winged, three-stage, solid rocket booster which weighs approximately 23,130 kg (51,000 lbm) and measures 16.9 m (55.4 ft) in length and 1.27 m (50 in) in diameter and has a wing span of 6.7 m (22 ft).
		The three Alliant Techsystems solid rocket motors were designed and optimized specifically for Pegasus and include features that emphasize reliability, manufacturability, and affordability.
		The Pegasus payload fairing consists of two composite shell halves, a nose cap integral to a shell half, and a separation system.
	spaceflightnow.com /pegasus/hessi/020203pegasus.html (1200 words)

	Pegasus - NewMars
		The Pegasus Rocket, manufactured by Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC), is the world's first privately developed orbital launch vehicle.
		A Pegasus rocket is air launched from a jet aircraft, giving it considerable potential energy of position and some drag advantage.
		The Pegasus rocket is also winged (similar to a cruise missile), giving it some advantage from aerodynamic lift during its ascent as well.
	www.newmars.com /wiki/index.php/Pegasus (101 words)

	Rocket Twilight Phenomenon
		When a rocket launches just after sunset it rises into the air and, if the timing is right, part of the rocket exhaust will enter the light from the sun and leave a colorful trail behind as the exhaust freezes and ice crystals form.
		The rocket then continues on its southern course but because the Pegasus exhaust differs from the Minuteman exhaust, the second stage does not leave the same ice crystals in the atmosphere and so contributes less to the formation of the twilight phenomenon...
		Finally, after the rocket has gone out of sight, the exhaust remaining forms a multi-colored cloud in the sunlit portion of the sky.
	tomsdomain.com /travel/short/twilightmissile.htm (272 words)

	Yorkshire CND - Hard-luck Pegasus rocket returned to its hangar - 9/11/04 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Pegasus rocket will be removed from the L-1011 aircraft from which it is launched and will be returned to its hangar for now.
		Orbital Sciences Corp. manufactures the winged Pegasus XL rockets that are carried aloft under the belly of a modified L-1011 aircraft and released over the Pacific Ocean before the rocket's first-stage motor fires.
		The rocket, which heads into orbit from a modified L-1011 aircraft, was delayed for the second time in a week.
	www.cndyorks.gn.apc.org /yspace/articles/pegasus_nogo.htm (462 words)

	NASA Quest > Space Team Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		From the chase plane, the Pegasus is monitored during the captive-carry flight to the launch point.
		At this point, if the rocket were to veer off course, the only possible action by ground controllers would be to send a command destruct signal to the rocket and "terminate" the flight.
		We follow the rocket from payload integration in the assembly building through transportation and mate to the L1011 and all the tests between aircraft, rocket and payload.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /people/journals/space/delgado/02-19-99.html (1081 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		I was discussing building a rocket for my L1 and was given a paper core from a roll of fax paper.
		On the last fight with the EM G-35 the rocket went unstable during the thrust phase of the motor.
		Once the motor was done the rocket went stable but did not have enough altitude to deploy the chute before it hit the ground.
	www.sappgeeks.com /Rocket/Pegasus (2205 words)

	Pegasus (rocket) - Wikimedia Commons
		Pegasus rocket carried by B-52 (April 5, 1990)
		A TriStar relases a Pegasus Rocket, with Space Technology 5, over the Pacific Ocean.
		Pegasus rocket, with Space Technology 5 on board, after ignitation
	commons.wikimedia.org /wiki/Pegasus_(Rocket) (73 words)

	Pegasus - Summary
		After a few seconds of free fall, the Pegasus Orion 50S XL first stage motor is ignited and the vehicle accelerates out of the Earth's atmosphere.
		The Pegasus launch vehicle was developed in the late 1980's to serve both as a small launcher for US Governmental agencies and to launch Orbital's ORBCOMM satellites.
		Since its initial flight April 5th, 1990, the Pegasus and Pegasus XL rockets have flown a total of 27 missions (as of May 1999).
	www.spaceandtech.com /spacedata/elvs/pegasus_sum.shtml (217 words)

	X-43 - Hyper-X (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The X-43A vehicle is attached to a Pegasus rocket which carried under the Belly of a NASA B-52 aircraft.
		The Pegasus rocket is released at a certain height and the accelerates the small, unmanned Hyper-X research vehicle (the X-43A) to a predetermined altitude and Mach number, where it separates itself to conduct its mission.
		For the Hyper-X Launch Vehicle, the Pegasus rocket's second and third stages have been eliminated, as has the fairing, which is normally used to protect satellite payloads.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /spaceplanes/x-43.html (713 words)

	CNN.com - NASA jet breaks speed record - Mar 29, 2004
		The Pegasus rocket booster carrying the X-43A is released from the B-52 bomber midflight.
		Pegasus, which flew to nearly 100,000 feet, reached a speed of Mach 5, or five times the speed of sound, preliminary data on the test flight showed.
		The first X-43A flight ended in failure June 2, 2001, after the modified Pegasus rocket used to accelerate the plane veered off course and was detonated.
	www.cnn.com /2004/TECH/space/03/28/hypersonic.jet.flight/index.html (552 words)

	The Space Place :: Pegasus, the hitch-hiking rocket
		Pegasus rockets are very small and can carry only a small spacecraft that weighs less than 450 kilograms (1000 pounds).
		Pegasus works by hitching a ride (with the spacecraft inside) under the belly of an L-1011 jumbo jet named Stargazer.
		It is much less expensive to launch a small spacecraft using Pegasus than using a larger rocket that pushes off from the ground.
	spaceplace.jpl.nasa.gov /en/kids/galex/pegasus.shtml (346 words)

	SPACE.com -- Solar Science Probe Finally Reaches Orbit Atop Pegasus Rocket
		A Pegasus rocket with the names of Paige and Kelly painted on its nose awaits launch on Feb. 5, 2002.
		Pegasus falls away from Stargazer to begin its HESSI satellite delivery mission on Feb. 5, 2002.
		A NASA T-38 chase plane televises the Pegasus rocket's first stage burn as the launcher carried HESSI toward Earth orbit on Feb. 5, 2002.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/pegasus_launch_020205.html (980 words)

	Space Transport - X-43 Hyper-X scramjet test vehicle
		The Pegasus stage has some alterations just for X-43 launches, but it is basically the same booster used to deliver small satellite payloads into Earth orbit.
		The Pegasus is fitted with a specially-designed adapter structure where the X-43 was attached for the launch.
		Of the 30 previous Pegasus flights, three have failed completely including an explosion in the inaugural launch of the XL-version rocket that was blamed on poor modeling of the rocket's aerodynamic design.
	www.geocities.com /spacetransport/tech-x43.html (900 words)

	Rocket Launches From Vandenberg AFB, CA
		The rocket was rescheduled for 19:40 hour PDT and lift off was on time.
		Taurus rocket carrying a Korean imaging satellite, a solar monitoring satellite and the remains of 16 individuals whose dream to be in space are realized.
		The rocket was launch in the earth's shadow just after sunset.
	www.dosgatos.com /vafb.htm (825 words)

	Fred's Astronomy Stuff - Rocket Launch Photos
		The Minotaur is a converted Minuteman 2 ICBM, with upper stage motors from a Pegasus rocket.
		This photo is of a Delta II rocket launch from Vandenberg on September 26, 1997 that carried another batch of IRIDIUM satellites into orbit.
		This photo is of a small Pegasus rocket carrying the SWAS satellite into orbit on December 5, 1998.
	www.moonglow.net /ccd/pictures/rocket/index.html (1107 words)

	NASA's Space Place July 2003 Column
		"Pegasus rockets are unusual because of the way they're launched-from the belly of an airplane," says GALEX Project Engineer Frank Surber of JPL.
		The main difference is that the fuel is cast into a solid chunk called a 'grain'-about the consistency of tire rubber.
		The rocket carried GALEX to Earth orbit and deployed the spacecraft flawlessly.
	www.wooshrocketry.org /NASA/2003/jul03.htm (456 words)

	Viewing Vandenberg Rocket and Missile Launches
		Pegasus XL launches are staged from Vandenberg AFB, but actually occur offshore.
		The rockets and missiles launched from Vandenberg AFB use solid fuel rocket motors, liquid fuel engines, or a combination of both.
		Atmospheric transparency refers to the clarity of the air mass between the rocket or missile and the observer.
	www.spacearchive.info /vafbview.htm (3122 words)

	GALEX - Launch
		The GALEX satellite has been designed to be compatible with the capabilities of the three-stage Pegasus XL launch vehicle developed by Orbital.
		Pegasus will be carried aloft from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida by an L-1011 "Stargazer" aircraft to a point approximately 11,900 meters (39,000 feet) over the Atlantic Ocean.
		The Pegasus will then be released by the Stargazer pilot and will free-fall in a horizontal position for five seconds before the automatic ignition of its first stage rocket motor.
	www.galex.caltech.edu /ABOUT/launch.html (195 words)

	ATK - Rocket Motors - Pegasus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		ATK first produced Orion solid rocket motors in 1990 for Orbital's Pegasus launch vehicle, the first air-launched rocket to place satellites into orbit.
		The Pegasus XL is the world's leading launch system for deployment of small satellites into low-earth orbit.
		Propulsion efficiency, along with use of advanced materials and avionics technologies, enables Pegasus to deliver approximately twice the payload (up to 1,000 pounds) to orbit of an equivalent ground-based vehicle.
	www.atk.com /rocketmotors/rocketmotors_pegasus.asp (167 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Nasa hypersonic jet fails
		Seconds after launch Nasa cameras aboard two F-18 chase planes showed the Pegasus rocket, which was intended to launch the X-43A jet, careering off course and falling out of control from the sky.
		The Pegasus booster rocket was released from a B-52 plane.
		The X-43A jet was piggybacking on the rocket and was due to separate from it when the Pegasus had boosted it to an altitude of 28 kilometres (17.3 miles).
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/1366648.stm (528 words)

	Nike-Asp
		The rocket wasn't ready for BALLS 2000 and BALLS 2001 was cancelled due to September 11 so the full 2-stage configuration didn't fly until BALLS 2002.
		This rocket represented a huge amount of work and a lot of learning and the flight would prove whether we had a revolutionary technique or a bunch of fragments.
		Neither of them are rocketeers, but they had a great time out at Black Rock Desert and enjoyed helping me prepare and launch the Al Gorilla and the Nike-Asp in 2-stage configuration (with the baby Nike booster).
	www.jcrocket.com /nike-asp.shtml (6845 words)

	CNN - Brazil's first space rocket falls into sea - Nov. 3, 1997
		One of the rocket's four engines failed to ignite, and controllers decided to destroy the rocket.
		The rocket was to carry a locally built surveying satellite into orbit, where it would collect information on agriculture and the environment.
		Since its Alcantara base is close to the equator, rockets launched there can use the inertia produced by Earth's rotation to reduce the amount of fuel needed to boost rockets into orbit.
	www.cnn.com /TECH/9711/03/brazil.rocket (461 words)

	Your Daily Briefing Of Satellite
		Departure of the L-1011 aircraft carrying the Orbital Sciences Pegasus XL rocket and ST5 is scheduled for 8:04 a.m.
		Orbital and NASA engineers said they have completed their analysis as to why the Pegasus starboard flight control surface fin locking pin did not retract during the first launch attempt on March 15.
		The powered flight sequence for the ST5 mission is expected to take approximately 11 minutes, from the time the Pegasus rocket is released from the L-1011 carrier aircraft to the time that the ST5 satellites are deployed into orbit.
	www.satnews.com /stories2006/2327.htm (403 words)

	OSC Pegasus launch vehicle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The photograph above (of the SAC-B/HETE mission) shows the Pegasus XL rocket, built by Orbital Sciences Corporation, attached to the belly of OSC's L-1011 airplane on the "hot pad" at NASA's Wallops Flight Facility prior to takeoff.
		This photo was taken as part of a visual inspection by a NASA chase plane during the flight to the drop point.
		Ignition: The Pegasus XL is a three stage rocket.
	www.astro.psu.edu /xray/cubic/photos/pegasus.gif.html (288 words)

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