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Topic: Peine forte et dure

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	peine forte et dure@Everything2.com
		When Major Strangeways was condemned to peine forte et dure, a heavy piece of iron was fixed anglewise over his heart and the attendants increased the pressure by throwing the weight of their own bodies upon it.
		Card's description of peine forte et dure is reasonably accurate for the later years, though he has committed the common error of assuming that the crushing was in order to torture a confession or simply a method of execution.
		It is unfortunate, unpleasant, grisly, and horrifying that the result was the peine forte et dure, but it is important to realise that this particular barbarism was never supposed to be what it became.
	everything2.com /index.pl?node_id=462438 (1778 words)

	TORTURE - LoveToKnow Article on TORTURE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Torture as a part of the punishment may be regarded as including every kind of bodily or mental pain beyond what is necessary for the safe custody of the offender (with or without enforced labor) or the destruction of his lifein the language of Bentham, an afflictive as opposed to a simple punishment.
		During the republic torture appears to have been confined to slaves in all cases, but with the empire a free man became liable to it if accused of a crime, though in most cases not as a witness.
		The peine forte et dare was a notable example of this.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /T/TO/TORTURE.htm (9207 words)

	Andrea Mckenzie \| "This Death Some Strong and Stout Hearted Man Doth Choose": The Practice of Peine Forte et Dure in ...
		Moreover, the peine forte et dure continued to be deployed as a threat for recalcitrant prisoners until 1772 when, much to the relief of early nineteenth-century commentators, "this act becoming barbarous to Englishmen," refusal to plead in felony cases was taken as equivalent to a guilty verdict: "an alteration that does honour to modern times."
		The peine has been problematic principally in light of the much-vaunted English abhorrence to judicial torture—for, while pressing was not technically torture, as it was not employed to extract evidence or confessions, it nonetheless bore an uncomfortable resemblance to it.
		Peine forte et dure had its origins in the replacement of trial by ordeal by trial by jury after 1215 and was a corruption of prison forte et dure, a term of "hard and severe imprisonment" imposed on those who refused to put themselves "on the country," or the jury.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/lhr/23.2/mckenzie.html (9313 words)

	Peine forte et dure - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Giles Cory was pressed to death during the Salem Witch Trials during the 1690s.
		The most famous victim in the United Kingdom was the Catholic martyr Saint Margaret Clitherow, who was pressed to death on March 25, 1586, after refusing to plead to the charge of having harboured priests in her house (in order to avoid a trial in which her own children would be obliged to give evidence).
		"The Early Development of Peine Forte et Dure." Law, Litigants, and the Legal Profession: Papers Presented to the Fourth British Legal History Conference at the University of Birmingham 10-13 July 1979 ed E. Ives and A. Manchester, 116-125.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peine_forte_et_dure (362 words)

	Peine forte et dure -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Peine forte et dure -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Obviously, a (Click link for more info and facts about criminal justice) criminal justice system that only punished those who volunteered for punishment was unworkable; this was the means chosen to coerce them.
		Peine forte et dure was abolished in the United Kingdom in 1772, although the last known actual use of the practice was in 1741.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pe/peine_forte_et_dure.htm (167 words)

	Torture and the Law of Proof (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It should, however, be conceded that all of these practices—peine forte et dure, the ordeals, the afflictive sanctions—have this much connection to torture: they’ acclimated men to violence and suffering in criminal procedure.
		During these years when it appears that torture might have become routinized in English criminal procedure, the Privy Council kept the torture power under careful control and never allowed it to fall into the hands of the regular law’ enforcement officers.
		During the Marian/Elizabethan period when most of the English torture cases occurred, the two-witness rule was treated as having been repealed by the statute of I and 2 P. and M. c.
	phoenixandturtle.net /excerptmill/langbein.htm (12770 words)

	Forfeiture in England and Colonial America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Peine forte et dure emerged as a result of the fact that, although a jury trial had to be freely chosen, there was now no alternative for those who refused to be tried by jury [Heath, 1982:248].
		Peine forte et dure was used only in those cases where an individual refused to make a plea at all and, in effect, "stood mute" before the court or if the defendant refused to go to trial.
		Beattie [1986:338] reports that the use of peine forte et dure persisted into the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, even as the use of forfeiture was decreasing.
	www.fsu.edu /~crimdo/forfeiture.html (14355 words)

	Business Software Review : Article 'Peine forte et dure' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		peine forte et dure, the former practice of pressing a recalcitrant accused with weights until he entered a plea of guilty or not guilty and submitted to the jurisdiction of the court.
		In obedience to this principle, in 1220, during the reign of Henry III, trial by ordeal was abolished in England, and jury trials were substituted in every case that was formerly tried by ordeal.
		Pressing (also known in England by its French name, peine forte et dure) was a form of torture and capital punishment carried out by laying a prisoner on the ground and placing a board on top of them.
	www.business-software-review.org /DisplayArticle48892.html (1839 words)

	Encyclopedia: Peine forte et dure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pleading innocent was also not an option, since the torture would merely be redoubled until they pled guilty.
		Escheat is an obstruction of the course of descent and the consequent reversion of property to the original grantor.
		The most famous victim of peine forte et dure in American history was Giles Corey, who was pressed to death on September 19, 1692, during the Salem witch trials, after he refused to enter a plea in the judicial proceeding.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Peine-forte-et-dure (666 words)

	Peine Forte et Dure
		According to Blackstone's three tenets, Giles was ruled as "standing mute" because he would not be tried by "God and my country." The Court of Oyer and Terminer strictly adhered to the requirement that a defendant "put himself on the country".
		Because Giles stood mute, he was given the dreaded sentence of peine forte et dure even though it had been determined to be illegal by the government of Massachusetts.
		It was illegal for two reasons: there was no law permitting pressing, and it violated the provisions of the Body of Liberties regarding the end of barbarous punishment.
	faculty.cua.edu /pennington/Law508/PeineForte.htm (338 words)

	Traces et trajets
		Et ça m'étonnerait fort que tu le perdes.
		Et c'est même pas des sons humains, ça, vu que les sons on les entend pas.
		Et tant pis si les sons humains je les entends de moins en moins.
	gilda.typepad.com (5337 words)

	Peine forte et dure - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Peine forte et dure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Peine forte et dure - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Peine forte et dure.
		Today in all common law jurisdictions, a defendant who refuses to enter a plea will be treated as having pleaded not guilty and tried accordingly.
		The most famous victim of peine forte and dure in American history was Giles Corey, who was pressed to death on September 19, 1692, during the Salem witch trials, after he refused to enter a plea in the judicial proceeding.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Peine-forte-et-dure.html (282 words)

	Talk:Peine forte et dure - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In modern French, fort takes an e after a feminine noun such as peine (just as dur does), but in Old French (which this is derived from) fort was invariable for gender, as in modern Spanish and Italian.
		So, shouldn't this be peine fort et dure?
		It may be that the Anglo Norman language did allow such marking on fort.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Peine_forte_et_dure (156 words)

	CHaT et CoMPaGNie - SaNTé FéLiNe, SoiNs Du CHaToN eT Du CHaT - MaLaDieS FéLiNeS
		Le comportement des chats domestiques peut apparaître comme capricieux, et comme chez tous les animaux, chaque individu a un comportement et un caractère qui lui est propre.
		Cela perturbe leur transit intestinal et ils sont obligés de les régurgiter afin d'éviter une occlusion intestinale.
		On observe ainsi une forte diminution des risques de bagarres (morsures et griffures entre animaux qui évoluent souvent en abcès), d'accidents routiers, de parasitage (puces, tiques, aoûtats) et de contamination par des virus mortels (PIF, FIV, leucose, typhus etc.).
	www.chat-et-cie.fr /soins.htm (2368 words)

	peine forte et dure -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		More results on "peine forte et dure" when you join.
		The name Trente et Quarante is derived from the fact that the winning point always lies between thirty and forty.
		Its other title, Rouge et Noir, comes from the colours marked on the layout, or tapis, such as the one illustrated.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9058965 (791 words)

	\| In This Issue \| Law and History Review, 23.2 \| The History Cooperative
		Traditionally dismissed as a barbaric legal anachronism, peine forte et dure, or the "pressing" of mute defendants, has been explained primarily in terms of the prisoner's determination to avoid criminal conviction and forfeiture of estates.
		The near-universal scholarly agreement on the absence of federal redistribution during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (except for Civil War pensions) notwithstanding, the frequency and generosity of federal disaster relief appropriations actually escalated during this period.
		For example, Congressional Populists argued during the Depression of 1893 that unemployment relief was analogous to disaster relief.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/lhr/23.2/iti.html (1532 words)

	Sexe, Geekeries et Culture Générale
		Et elle a même retrouvé un être cher à son cœur en peine.
		En clair, Ridley Scott devrait tout avoir pour plaire, les scénarios et les acteurs, tous très bons, mais sa réalisation ralentie, son envie de tout montrer dans le moindre détail, provoque chez moi une répulsion très forte.
		Les acteurs sont bons et le scénario est honnête (comme je l’ai dit dans le billet sur Predator premier du nom, l’histoire de base n’a même pas de quoi faire sauter une braguette…).
	www.johndoe-online.com (2633 words)

	PEINE - LoveToKnow Article on PEINE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		There are also large horse and cattle markets held here.
		Peine was at one time a strongly fortifled place, and until 1803 belonged to the bishopric of Hildesheim.
		To properly cite this PEINE article in your work, copy the complete reference below:
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PE/PEINE.htm (102 words)

	dure
		But when the peine forte et dure is over, the antique sincerity of the venerable sufferer always reasserts itself.
		I hope she has had the conscience to make her independent, in consideration of the peine forte et dure to which she subjected her during her lifetime." Three gentlemen now appeared, and were introduced to the stranger.
		It was expressly commanded that he should have nothing beyond the barest necessaries of life.
	www.cooldictionary.com /words/dure.word (474 words)

	Recits et Histoire Erotique
		Erotica51 et Franck Sublum viennent enfin de publier un nouveau livre érotique contenant 20 histoires pour adultes.
		Elle porte une minijupe légèrement fendue sur le côté et un petit haut très moulant portant l'inscription « pas touche » au niveau de sa poitrine généreuse.
		Ses mains sont chaudes et douces, tu fermes les yeux et tu te laisses aller, bercée par les mouvements lents et fermes du masseur.
	www.recit-erotique.fr (1376 words)

	Pressing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pressing, also known as peine forte et dure, was both a death sentence and a means of drawing out confessions.
		Adopted as a judicial measure during the 14
		After standing mute, he could not then be tried, but he could be, and was, subjected to the old punishment of peine forte et dure....
	www.shanmonster.com /witch/torture/press.html (432 words)

	DURE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Search the DURE Family Message Boards at Ancestry.com (if available).
		Search the DURE Family Resource Center at RootsWeb.com (if available).
		Find graves of people named DURE at Find-a-Grave.com (or add one that you know).
	www.worldhistory.com /surname/US/D/DURE.htm (73 words)

	PEINE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Search the PEINE Family Message Boards at Ancestry.com (if available).
		Search the PEINE Family Resource Center at RootsWeb.com (if available).
		Find graves of people named PEINE at Find-a-Grave.com (or add one that you know).
	www.worldhistory.com /surname/US/P/PEINE.htm (73 words)

	Legal Definition of Mute, Standing Mute
		Hare, et al., Circuit Court, Maryland Dist. May 1818, the prisoner standing mute was considered as if he had pleaded not guilty.
		The barbarous punishment of peine forte et dure which till lately disgraced the criminal code of England, was never known in the United States.
		When a prisoner stands mute, the laws of England arrive at the forced conclusion that he is guilty, and punish him accordingly.
	www.lectlaw.com /def2/m152.htm (208 words)

	Pressing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Technically it was not an execution when Giles Corey was pressed to death during the fiasco known as the Salem Witch Trials.
		He could, however, be tortured-be subjected to 'peine forte et dure'-until he either answered or died.
		His death was a protest-the most dramatic protest of all-against the methods of the court".
	users.bestweb.net /~rg/execution/pressing.htm (110 words)

	peine forte et dure - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "peine forte et dure" is defined.
		Peine Forte et Dure : Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (1898) [home, info]
		PEINE FORTE ET DURE : 1911 edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=peine+forte+et+dure&ls=a (111 words)

	peine forte et dure (thing)@Everything2.com
		(all of peine forte et dure, there is 1 more in this node)
		This may seem extremely harsh, and even a medieval lawyer would probably agree.
		One could be forgiven for wondering why anyone would choose this fate.
	everything2.com /index.pl?node_id=1901621 (1585 words)

	Jury Trial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		At first a jury trial was voluntary --- "put himself on the country"
		Prison forte et dure -- peine forte et dure
		The transition from an indicting jury to a deciding jury was a very slow one, and there was a fairly extended period in which judges were not bound by a jury's verdict.
	www.maxwell.syr.edu /maxpages/classes/his381/JuryTrial.html (76 words)

	dure - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "dure" is defined.
		Dure : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		Phrases that include dure: peine forte et dure, dure mère, en dehors de la dure mère, pate dure
	www.onelook.com /?w=dure (119 words)

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