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Topic: Pelagic zone

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	Pelagic - Palaeos
		The pelagic zone is the part of the open sea or ocean comprising the water column, i.e., all of the sea other than that near the coast or the sea floor.
		In contrast, the demersal zone comprises the water that is near to (and is significantly affected by) the coast or the sea floor.
		The bathypelagic, abyssopelagic, and hadopelagic zones are very similar in character, and some marine biologists elide them into a single zone or consider the latter two to be the same.
	www.palaeos.org /Pelagic (455 words)

	Pelagic zone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The pelagic zone is the part of the open sea or ocean comprising the water column, i.e.
		In contrast, the demersal zone comprises the water that is near to (and thus is significantly affected by) the coast or the sea floor.
		The bathypelagic, abyssopelagic, and hadopelagic zones are very similar in character, and some marine biologists elide them into a single zone or consider the latter two to be the same.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pelagic (426 words)

	Photic zone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The photic zone is the depth of the water, whether in a lake or an ocean, that is exposed to sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis to occur.
		Since the photic zone is the only zone of water where primary productivity occurs, an exception being the productivity connected with abyssal hydrothermal vents along mid-oceanic ridges, the depth of the photic zone is generally proportional to the level of primary productivity that occurs in that area of the ocean,.
		The transparency of water, which affects the photic zone, is simply measured with a Secchi disk.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Photic_zone (189 words)

	Pelagic zone -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The pelagic zone is the part of the open (A division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land) sea or (A large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere) ocean comprising the water column, i.e.
		Epipelagic (from the surface down to around 200 metres) - the illuminated surface zone where there is enough light for (Synthesis of compounds with the aid of radiant energy (especially in plants)) photosynthesis, and thus plants and animals are largely concentrated in this zone.
		The bathypelagic, abyssopelagic, and hadopelagic zones are very similar in character, and some (Click link for more info and facts about marine biologists) marine biologists elide them into a single zone or consider the latter two to be the same.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/P/Pe/Pelagic_zone.htm (566 words)

	pelagic zone â“ FREE pelagic zone Information \| Encyclopedia.com: Facts, Pictures, Information!
		NITROGEN BIOGEOCHEMISTRY IN THE OLIGOHALINE ZONE OF A NEW ENGLAND ESTUARY.
		Distribution and abundance of pelagic shrimps from the deep scattering layer of the eastern Arabian Sea.
		Marine birds in the marginal ice zone of the Barents Sea in late winter and spring.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-X-pelagicz.html (1161 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The bottom of the ocean is known as the benthic zone, while the pelagic zone extends from the ocean floor to the surface.
		The neritic zone is that part of the pelagic zone which extends from the high tide line to the ocean bottom less than 200 m deep while water deeper than 200 m feet is referred to as the oceanic zone.
		The upper band is known as the intertidal zone, encompassing the region from the wave splash zone to the low tide mark.
	www.aquatic.uoguelph.ca /oceans/Introduction/Zonation/zonation.htm (285 words)

	Pelagic zone - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is a scale diagram of the layers of the pelagic zone.
		The pelagic zone is the part of the open sea or ocean that is not near the coast or sea floor.
		The bathypelagic, abyssopelagic, and hadopelagic zones are very similar in character, and some marine biologists count them as a single zone or consider the latter two to be the one zone.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pelagic_zone (436 words)

	Ocean Zonation
		The ocean bottom is the benthic zone and the water itself (or the water column) is the pelagic zone.
		The neritic zone is that part of the pelagic zone that extends from the high tide line to an ocean bottom less than 600 feet deep.
		Water deeper than 600 feet is called the oceanic zone, which itself is divided on the basis of water depth into the epipelagic, mesopelagic, and bathypelagic zones.
	mbgnet.mobot.org /salt/oceans/zones.htm (151 words)

	Species Information: Silver Hake
		By convention, a birthdate of 1 January is used; the hyaline zone evident on the edge of the otolith is interpreted as an annulus whether or not it is complete.
		It should be noted, however, that accurate differentiation of the pelagic zone from the first annulus is difficult and remains a significant source of error.
		It may be difficult to distinguish from the pelagic zone, spring check, and second annulus because the growth increment between the first and second annulus in the Gulf of Maine is generally smaller than further south, and because more of these fish are hatched later in the year.
	www.nefsc.noaa.gov /fbi/age-man/slhk/slhktext.htm (2795 words)

	Marine Biomes
		On rocky coasts, the zone is stratified vertically.
		The intertidal zone on sandier shores is not as stratified as in the rocky areas.
		The pelagic zone is generally cold though it is hard to give a general temperature range since, just like ponds and lakes, there is thermal stratification with a constant mixing of warm and cold ocean currents.
	www.rbcarlton.com /marine.htm (705 words)

	SEIZE Workshop Report
		2) is one manifestation of the diversity of subduction zones.
		A fundamental measure of slip on the seismogenic zone is the deformation of the surface of the overriding plate from the trench to the backarc.
		The Nicoya gap is flanked on the north by the Nicaragua slow earthquake zone of 1992 and to the south by the 1990 south Nicoya earthquake.
	www.soest.hawaii.edu /moore/seize/report.html (12190 words)

	PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE SYMPOSIUM ON BIOLOGY, STOCK ASSESSMENT AND EXPLOITATION OF SMALL PELAGIC FISH SPECIES IN THE ...
		However, an exceptional increase in abundance of the species in the pelagic zone was observed between 1977 and 1982, accounting for 0.5% to 11.6% of the total industrial landings and coinciding with a drastic decline in abundance of Stolothrissa tanganicae, its competitor.
		The only available data for September through December 1979 coincides with a period of high fish abundance in the pelagic zone and therefore it is not representative of the actual situation during the rest of the year.
		A synchronous peak in abundance of the two species in the pelagic zone is observed between october and November.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/005/V2648E/V2648E11.htm (3559 words)

	Pelagic And Unknown Pelagic Species Pictures And The Pelagic Zone!
		Flower Pelagic fish in Market Lane next to Chinatown is often regarded as Melbourne's finest restaurant by The Age Vaso pelagic Food Large pelagic, as well as been in the what lives in the pelagic zone Pelagic longline bycatch best restaurants in the world by Restaurant Magazine.
		Letters pelagic zone pictures can be used for the granting of city status or coats of arms, for the creation of corporations, or by a monarch to transport pelagic larvae fish an office.
		These benthic sampler pelagic littoral ontario professionals need to think about what type of bank they want to work for, what type of the pelagic zone they wish to pelagic gear, and their federal pelagic species charter permit pelagic sea creatures vaso pelagic goals.
	pelagic.eternalsolitude.com (1459 words)

	Cephalopod Ocean Habitats (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pelagic realm - The realm of the ocean that is above the ocean floor.
		Bathyal zone - The benthic region along the upper continental slope between the edge of the continental shelf and the abyssal benthic region.
		Epipelagic zone- The upper pelagic zone of the ocean.
	tolweb.org /accessory/Cephalopod_Ocean_Habitats?acc_id=1998 (429 words)

	Pelagic Fish Research Group
		The Pelagic Fish Research Group (PFRG) is a collaborative group of researchers from the U.S. and Mexico committed to the study of seamount ecosystems in the southern Gulf of California.
		The “pelagic zone” refers to the open waters of the ocean.
		Fish that live in pelagic zones are typically mobile and migratory species that are not closely associated with permanent structures such as coral reefs.
	pelagicfish.ucdavis.edu (1212 words)

	Marine Ecology
		Another division in the pelagic zone is related to light penetration..the photic and aphotic zones.
		Tides uncover parts of this zone and the area uncovered is the intertidal zone, above is the supratidal zone, affected by salt spray but not covered by sea water and below the intertidal zone is the subtidal zone..submerged and extending seaward.
		The open ocean is divided into zones depending on the amount of light it receives...from the epipelagic layer to the mesopelagic zone 200-1000m in which daytime inhabitants migrate upwards during the night, bringing back nutrients and some exhibit bioluminescence (light producing organs called photophores).
	darter.ocps.net /classroom/klenk/ms/Ecology.htm (2131 words)

	Vocabulary / Background (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The pelagic zone is further divided into the littoral, neritic, and oceanic zones (Figure 1).
		The oceanic zone, by far the most extensive, is all the rest of the ocean beyond the continental shelf.
		The benthic zone extends from the intertidal, to the continental shelf, to the continental slope, to the deep ocean floor.
	www.usc.edu /org/seagrant/TextOnly/IELessons/Unit3/Lesson3/U3L3VB.html (703 words)

	Pelagic communities -
		The oceanic pelagic zone is dominated by the activity of plankton in the euphotic surface waters, Plankton are by definition drifting or weakly swimming organisms, comprising a wide range of small to microscopic animals, protoctists and bacteria.
		With few exceptions, the only food source for creatures in the aphotic zone is the 'rain' of organic matter (faeces, moulted crustacean exoskeletons, corpses) derived from the plankton and nekton.
		It has generally been assumed that biomass in the pelagic zone everywhere below the euphotic zone is low, however, recent studies have indicated that biomass of tropical mesopelagic animals may be surprisingly high.
	www.oceansatlas.org /cds_static/en/pelagic_communities__en_18560_all_1.html (311 words)

	Research Loch Ness - David Martin, Adrian Shine - Food and Feeding Relationship of Pelagic Fish in Loch Ness
		R.B. Greer, have conducted a pelagic zone programme, mainly from fixed stations positioned mid-loch in the deepest water.
		Thirdly, incidental pelagic fish have been captured on the descent phase of gill nets, which have to pass through the surface waters en route to the profundal zone.
		As far as possible, fish were collected throughout the year, but winter pelagic fish were difficult to sample, since many disperse inshore to the side walls of the loch, or exist in a state of lethargy and so do not get caught in gill nets.
	www.lochnessproject.org /ADRIAN_SHINE_ARCHIVEROOM/papershtml/LOCH_NESS_pelagic_fish.htm (3345 words)

	Background: Coastal Pelagic Species
		“Pelagic” means these fish live in the water column as opposed to living near the sea floor.
		Coastal pelagic species are harvested directly and as bycatch in other fisheries.
		Amendment 10 establishes a maximum fleet capacity for the coastal pelagic species fishery, allows the transfer of limited entry permits to vessels and/or individuals as long as the second vessel is of comparable capacity, and establishes criteria for issuing new permits if economic or resource conditions indicate that such permits would be beneficial.
	www.pcouncil.org /cps/cpsback.html (2229 words)

	Pelagic zone Summary and Analysis
		Because plant growth is confined to the shallow depths of the pelagic zone...
		The pelagic zone (from Greek πέλαγος pélagos) is also known as the open-ocean zone.
		The pelagic zone is further divided into sections creating a number of sub-zones based on their different ecological characteristics.
	www.bookrags.com /Pelagic_zone (122 words)

	Marine Disturbance in Parts of the Australian Exclusive Economic Zone - Indicator 3 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Group 8 Pelagic Zone was classified as having a high intensity of fishing relative to other zones, but again only relatively low intensities were recorded at the 15' grid level (Figures ALL 1 and 2).
		Both these zones are relatively small and show fishing operations over most of their area, giving them relatively high fishing intensity classifications when calculated by pelagic zone.
		Fishing intensity in Pelagic Zone Group 17 fluctuated substantially between years but peaked in 1998 and was 20 times greater in 1998 than in 1989.
	www.ea.gov.au /soe/techpapers/marine-disturbance/indicator3.html (6853 words)

	page1 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The fishery is generally confined to water within 100 miles of the shore and consists of fishing with bottom and pelagic gillnets, longlines, trawls, and with hook-and-line [62, 255].
		Pelagic prey consisted of 80% of their diet and they consumed twice as much food in the summer as in the winter [148, 260].
		Pelagic kelp greenling larvae and juveniles feed on copepods and copepod nauplii, amphipods, brachyuran larvae, euphausiids and larval fish [97, 114].
	www.nwr.noaa.gov /1sustfsh/efhappendix/page1.html (9302 words)

	Pelagic Zone-Section IV
		Zooplankton are the major trophic link to pelagic vertebrates, and their abundant populations draw many birds, fish and whales to the area.
		However, in the epi- and mesopelagic zones these are complicated by daily vertical migrations of many species.
		(Illuminated by the faint blue-greenish light that penetrates deepest, red and dark colored objects are non-reflective and invisible.) This is the zone whose fauna is poorly known, because of fragility of individuals (resulting in unrecognizable specimens from net tows) and low abundance.
	bonita.mbnms.nos.noaa.gov /sitechar/pelagic4.html (1508 words)

	Eutrophication -- 8.7 Variability of vertical export in the pelagic zone (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In this fl box, the twilight zone, we face a lack of basic understanding on how vertical export of biogenic matter in general is regulated, let alone in eutrophic regions.
		In order to guide future investigations of vertical flux attenuation in eutrophicated regions we present an idealised, conceptual model of vertical carbon export and focus upon the `pelagic mill' and vertical flux regulation in the upper 200 m (Figures 3 and Figure 9).
		Figure: Schematic presentation of the `pelagic mill' in the upper part of the ocean and its regulation of biogenic vertical flux.
	lepo.it.da.ut.ee /~olli/eutr/html/htmlBook_67.html (429 words)

	Search Results for pelagic - Encyclopædia Britannica
		Among the migrating seabirds, a distinction must be made between the coastal and the pelagic, or open-sea, species.
		Considering the pelagic and benthic environments in isolation from each other should be done cautiously because the two are interlinked in many ways.
		pelagic (deep-sea) sediment of which at least 30 percent is composed of the skeletal remains of microscopic floating organisms.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=pelagic&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (569 words)

	[No title]
		Horizontal layers of the pelagic region: Neritic province: the region that overlies the continental shelf.
		Littoral fringe: This zone extends higher than the highest tide where there is great exposure with spray from the various waves causing the organisms to extend higher into the littoral zone; lichens and algae enclosed in a gelatinous sheath form the vegetation; snails feed on these vegetation.
		Littoral zone: it is covered and uncovered by daily tides; Upper subzone: barnacles on the upper limit, Midlittoral subzone: oyster, mussels and limpet; brown algae Lower subzone: blue mussels, young starfish, sea urchins, brittle stars and bryozoans; red algae and Irish moss.
	www.cbu.edu /~esalgado/BIOL412/Ch31.doc (9142 words)

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