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	Pele Towers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The pele tower was a strongly built tower, less grand than a tower keep, used for a place of refuge and look-out.
		Pele towers were especially common in the border country between Scotland and England.
		Some pele towers were constructed quickly, and some were made of wood due to the lack of funding or wages.
	www.castles-of-britain.com /castle29.htm (206 words)

	Fairlambs of Allendale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Small fortifications, called peles and bastles, are scattered throughout the Northumberland countryside and stand as romantic and often eerie reminders of the county's border past.
		Found on both sides of the border, the pele towers were virtually impregnable against raiders and marauders and were lived in by the rich and poor alike.
		Border pele towers can date from as early as the thirteenth to as late as the seventeenth century, but were all built to very much the same pattern.
	www.fairlamb.org /bishopside.htm (906 words)

	Tower Houses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Z-plan was a rectangular or square tower house with towers or buildings/wings at the two diagonally opposite corners.
		Some tower houses have a barmkin, which is a walled courtyard, often of a small size and with thin walls.
		Tower houses differ from pele towers, in that the pele towers are plain rectangular or square structures and most often have curtain walls.
	www.castles-of-britain.com /castless.htm (270 words)

	RADCLIFFE TOWER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Tower internally measured 12.2 metres thick from north to south by 5.5 metres from east to west, with the walls 1.5 metres thick.
		As was often the case in pele towers, the ground floor was vaulted, with a single span of stonework knows as 'tunnel vaulting'.
		The ground floor of most pele towers were unheated, but, at Radcliffe, the ground floor contained three substantial fireplaces, one set in the east wall facing the entrance, the others set towards the west and of the north and south walls.
	www.geocities.com /radcliffeuk/tower/RadcliffeTower.html (1459 words)

	BBC - Cumbria Features
		One of the main differences between a pele tower and a bastle, is that a bastle is usually 'more barn shaped' and lacks the crennilations of a pele tower.
		Brackenhill Tower is a pele tower (English)/tower house (Scottish).
		The tower's walls are five feet thick and rise to forty feet in height.
	www.bbc.co.uk /cumbria/features/2003/07/restoration/brackenhill_2.shtml (759 words)

	Roy of the Rovers.com - The Official Roy of the Rovers Website
		Pele appeared in the Roy of the Rovers "Sign Please" pages in the 3rd July 1982 issue.
		Pele played for local side Noroeste but was soon transferred to Santos and was a Brazilian International by the age of 16.
		In the 1966 Finals Pele was the victim of brutal fouls by players from Bulgaria and Portugal and Pele vowed never to play in the World Cup again.
	www.royoftherovers.com /halloffame/pele.htm (702 words)

	Classification schemes
		Tower House is a term used to mean a high status manorial building in the form of a tower of three or more storeys.
		The term originated as a reference to timber defences, probably specifically a timber palisade and was used with this sense in contemporary 13th century documents but it was, at least occasionally, in use for stone buildings of some form by the 16th century.
		Their builders called them 'towers' or 'hall-houses' or, occasionally, 'peles' or 'peels', and they are now normally called 'towerhouses'.
	homepage.mac.com /philipdavis/name.html (1043 words)

	Arnside Tower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It is a fortified building known as a Pele Tower.
		Pele Towers are peculiar to the Border region between England and Scotland and were built as a defence against raids.
		Most of these towers were built in the 14th and 15th centuries.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /pm.blewitt/arnsidetower.html (53 words)

	Medieval Manors
		In other instances, it was a mark of rank, as this was one of the distinct privileges of the nobility, although in towns wealthy citizens were sometimes allowed to have towers to their houses, and the use of the tower and belfry was one of the privileges of a corporate town.
		In the border countries, these towers, commonly called Pele towers, are very usual, serving as the strongest point for the last desperate defense.
		The tower appears sometimes to have been the whole of the house, which was afterwards enlarged by the addition of other buildings.
	www.medieval-spell.com /Medieval-Manors.html (847 words)

	Visit Carlisle (Cumbria, England): tourist information & sightseeing guide
		The Prior's Tower is an example of a "pele tower", originally built in the 14th century and rebuilt in the 15th century.
		Pele towers are small square or rectangular stone buildings which were designed to withstand short attacks by the Scots.
		The towers have three floors: the ground floor was built with no windows (for safety) and was used to store animals, the first floor had a hall and kitchen, and the second floor was an area for living and sleeping and was also used as a lookout.
	www.ukstudentlife.com /Travel/Tours/England/Carlisle.htm (1433 words)

	Cumbria - Pele Towers
		There is a seperate list of the fortified houses and towers in South Cumbria, together with a detailed article on the history of these structures.
		Farmhouse, formerly a tower house, probably C14; converted to a house in 1676 by William Thackeray for John Aglionby.
		2½ storey tower farmhouse with a two-storey extension, and adjoining mid C19 farmhouse, probably built for Thomas Henry Graham of nearby Edmond Castle.
	www.visitcumbria.com /pele2.htm (708 words)

	History of English and Welsh Castles and Forts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		As the next stage towers were added to provide a concentric structure where a breach in the outer wall could still be defended from an inner defensive structure e.g.
		These were the last of the massive residential castles to be built by the monarchs and most are still in good condition, due mainly to the strength of their construction.
		Pele towers were very numerous near the Scottish borders.
	www.ecastles.co.uk /history.html (1392 words)

	SI.com - Soccer - It's all over for Wembley's famous towers - Friday February 07, 2003 01:05 PM
		Wembley's famous twin towers began to be dismantled Friday -- seven years after the stadium was first chosen to be the site of England's new national stadium.
		"The towers were a beacon for English football recognized all over the world," said George Cohen, a member of the England team that won the 1966 World Cup at Wembley.
		The tops of the two domes are being removed from the towers and will be displayed in a Wembley museum.
	sportsillustrated.cnn.com /soccer/news/2003/02/07/wembley_towers_ap (549 words)

	Cumbria - Pele Towers
		The Scots resisted these actions, and several marches were made with armies of 30000-40000 men, leaving death and destruction - farms and churches in the Lake District were destroyed, abbeys plundered and burned, people and cattle slaughtered.
		Determined to resist further invasion, the people of Cumberland and Westmorland built defensive structures known as pele towers, quite unique to the north of England.
		Some towers were built onto churches to act as both pele tower, and bell tower.
	www.visitcumbria.com /pele.htm (431 words)

	English Gothic Architecture - Decorated Gothic
		The fortified houses known in the border counties of Wales and Scotland as Pele Towers were in many cases merely the original Keep round which the later buildings were grouped.
		The ground floor of the Pele Towers was usually vaulted, the upper stories having wooden floors and roofs with the staircase in the thickness of the wall.
		A characteristic Manor house of the period was built round either three or four sides of a quadrangle, and the entire space thus occupied by the court and buildings was surrounded by a moat.
	www.furniturestyles.net /european/english/homes/005-decorated.htm (1234 words)

	Glossary of Siege Warfare terms - part 2
		Early type of castle with a tower on a raised mound surrounded by a wooden stockade.
		Fortified tower residences found along the England/Scotland border dating form the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.
		A stone replacement for the wooden walls of a bailey (of a motte-and-bailey structure) usually restricted by the size of the original mound.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/wargaming/75043/1 (486 words)

	WebSite
		The strongholds, nowadays called Peles are scattered over Northumberland, and present a similarity of type in construction and arrangement.
		The tower has battlements, and the angles are sometimes finished with turrets, which are machicolated.
		Freeman, English Towns and Districts, 1883, p.317 - "The Peel - towers of the Borderland are essentially castles.
	www.peletower.freeuk.com /page7.html (541 words)

	North East England
		The real fortifications were the pele towers, stark utilitarian structures with walls seven to ten feet thick.
		These towers were all built further north, close to the border with Scotland.
		Examples of pele towers can be found at Preston, Corbridge and Dilston in Northumbria, and on Farne Island.
	www.infobritain.co.uk /North_East_England.htm (1013 words)

	CENTRE OF BRITAIN HOTEL& RESTAURANT, HALTWHISTLE - History
		The oldest part of the Centre of Britain is in fact a Pele Tower which we believe was built around 1417.
		The Pele Tower was the base for the Warden of the Middle Marches.
		All vestiges of the medieval Pele tower were built over – most of them not to be rediscovered until 1996.
	www.centre-of-britain.org.uk /history.htm (1913 words)

	Large Text Reiver Attractions Northumberland Northumbria England UK GB (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		There is an interesting website on the history of the tower and the plans which are being made for its conservation.
		Typical of the Border Reiver era, this early 17th century bastle house is located on a hillside with panoramic views across the Rede valley.
		Restored tower house and chapel which belonged to the Earl of Derwentwater.
	www.northumberland.gov.uk /vg/large_text_rattractions.htm (817 words)

	Reiver Attractions Northumberland Northumbria England UK GB (page 238) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A small, ruined tower in the heart of the historic village of Ponteland.
		14th century Pele Tower with 7ft thick walls and tunnel vaulted rooms built by Robert Harbottle in 1392.
		An exceptional well-preserved Pele Tower at the heart of the historic village of Corbridge.
	www.northumberland.gov.uk /vg/rattractions.htm (874 words)

	Guided Tours for Fell Walkers and Lakeside Ramblers - FOOTPRINT VACATIONS
		There are a lot of early fortified towers known locally as pele towers.
		The earliest pele towers date from Norman times – after the absorption of Cumberland into England after 1092.
		The ground floors of the towers were often tunnel vaulted and this can be seen in one of our featured farmhouses below.
	www.footprint-vacations.com (770 words)

	Restalrig & Craigentinney Castles
		The original structure has been described as a crenelated Pele tower and was mostly destroyed around 1600-1603, apparently by William Little, then Provost of Edinburgh.
		The ?th Laird of Restalrig was recorded as seeking permission to rebuild/repair the structure.
		Peel towers (spelt Pele towers in England) are small fortified keeps, built along the English and Scottish Borders, intended as watch towers where signal fires could be lit to warn of approaching danger.
	mysite.verizon.net /loganfalls/Restalrig.htm (2081 words)

	Beadnell - A Visitors Guide
		Originating in the 16th century, Beadnell Tower is a three storey stone pele tower, with 18th century alterations.
		Situated nearby in the village of Chathill is another fine example of a pele tower.
		The tower was built in 1392 and is one of 78 pele towers in Northumberland that were listed in 1415.
	www.northumberland-coast.co.uk /beadnell.php (779 words)

	Tosson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		As with many areas in Northumberland its links to the past are extensive with remains of ancient camps with defensive ramparts and ditches at Tosson Burgh and the remains of a pele tower, relic of border turmoil.
		Tosson Tower is one of the many pele towers built as a line of defence against the Scots.
		The massive walls of the pele tower still stands about thirty or forty feet in height and at a thickness of some nine feet.
	rothbury.com /roth/around/tosson.htm (230 words)

	The Border reivers, both English and Scottish, and the story of Kinmont Willie
		Whatever your opinion their legacy remains in the fortified dwellings called pele towers, their ballads and their words now common in the English language such as “bereave” and “flmail” : greenmail was the proper rent you paid, flmail was “protection money”!
		For a holiday with a difference, this wonderfully atmospheric 14th century Pele Tower provides a magnificent setting for a large family or group, perfectly placed for exploring the Lake District and Solway Coast.
		Newbiggin Hall was built originally as a Pele Tower in 1304; a place of refuge from Scottish raiders and feuding border families, providing shelter for both humans and animals.
	www.historic-uk.com /HistoryUK/Scotland-History/BorderReivers.htm (1382 words)

	castles - Castle Quest
		The exception to this is rule is in the north of England and in Scotland where fairly large bands of cattle robbers still roamed the countryside.
		Moderately wealthy landowners continued to build large tower houses (Pele towers) and smaller farmers fortified their farms by building strong houses of two or three rooms called Bastles.
		A fine example of a major pele tower built during the period of Elizabeth would be Claypotts (Not strictly an Elizabethian castle since it is in Scotland where James VI was the monarchy at this time) see http://www.castles.org/Chatelaine/CLAYPOTT.HTM
	www.castlesontheweb.com /quest/Forum9/HTML/000053.html (303 words)

	Hethersgill
		The area is packed with the remains of pele towers in varying states of preservation.
		Originally built as a fortified house in the 15th century, pele towers were later added.
		The castle saw extensive action during the Reiver period and was the home of Belted Will, the infamous Warden of the Marches.
	www.reivers-guide.co.uk /hethersgill.htm (468 words)

	Ponteland
		There are some remaining sections that date from the Norman period, including part of the tower.
		It is popularly held that the opposing forces of England and Scotland negotiated a peace here in 1244.
		This 14th century fortified tower is a remnant of the Border Reiver period.
	www.reivers-guide.co.uk /ponteland.htm (474 words)

	The Croglin vampire Contemporary Review - Find Articles
		The Cumbrian heights of the sullen Pennine range--the knobbly backbone of England as J.B. Priestley called it--are to this day haunted by the atmospheric echoes, the ghostly battle-cries, of long-past warring violence between feudal Englishman and marauding Scot.
		Here were the march fortresses, impregnable stone 'pele' towers to which northern communities were summoned by the peal of bells for safety during raids.
		The wild border country of the marcher lords is a timeless, ancient stretch of the roof of England, beaten by stunting gales, lashed by fierce rains that come and go as fast and fitful as the scudding clouds that bring them.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1673_286/ai_n14817147 (876 words)

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