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Topic: Pelobatidae

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	Pelobatidae
		As generally used, Pelobatidae (for megophryines and pelobatines) is not demonstrably monophyletic, because of the ambiguous relationships of Pelodytes.
		The name Pelobatidae was defined by Ford and Cannatella (1993) as the node that is the most recent common ancestor of living Pelobates, Scaphiopus, and Spea, and all of its descendants.
		Synapomorphies of Pelobatidae include fusion of the joint between the sacrum and coccyx, exostosed frontoparietals, and the presence of a metatarsal spade supported by a well-ossified prehallux.
	www.tolweb.org /tree?group=Pelobatidae&contgroup=Salientia (590 words)

	Pelobatidae
		As generally used, Pelobatidae (for megophryines and pelobatines) is not demonstrably monophyletic, because of the ambiguous relationships of Pelodytes.
		The name Pelobatidae was defined by Ford and Cannatella (1993) as the node that is the most recent common ancestor of living Pelobates, Scaphiopus, and Spea, and all of its descendants.
		Synapomorphies of Pelobatidae include fusion of the joint between the sacrum and coccyx, exostosed frontoparietals, and the presence of a metatarsal spade supported by a well-ossified prehallux.
	www.zo.utexas.edu /research/salientia/pelobatidae/pelobatidae.html (438 words)

	Pelobatidae (Bonaparte, 1850) European Spadefoot Toads
		The family Pelobatidae was formerly comprised of three genera, Pelobates from Europe, and Scaphioupus and Spea from North America.
		Recently, the two American genera have been placed into their own family, Scaphiopodidae, leaving only Pelobates in the family Pelobatidae.
		Synapomorphies of Pelobatids include a fused joint between the coccyx and the sacrum, exostosed frontoparietals, and the presences of the metatarsal spade.
	www.livingunderworld.org /anura/database/pelobatidae (272 words)

	Amphibian Species of the World - Pelobatidae Bonaparte, 1850 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Soc., 38: 273, considered the Sooglossidae to be included in the Pelobatidae (in the sense of including the Megophryidae of this list).
		Almost all workers regarded the Scaphiopodidae as in the Pelobatidae prior to the study of García-París, Buchholz, and Parra-Olea, 2003, Mol.
		Sinica, 8: 356-370, considered the Megophryidae to be a subfamily of the Pelobatidae and discussed the history of taxonomy of the group.
	research.amnh.org /herpetology/amphibia/references.php?f_id=135 (312 words)

	Salientia
		A derived character that refutes the monophyly of Mesobatrachia is the fusion of the third distal carpal to other carpals, which Pelodytes shares with Neobatrachia (Cannatella, 1985).
		Pelobatoidea (Node G) The name was applied to the node that is the common ancestor of living Megophryidae, Pelobatidae, and Pelodytes.
		Relationships among the living pelobatoids are an unresolved trichotomy of Megophryidae, Pelobatidae, and Pelodytes.
	www.zo.utexas.edu /research/salientia/salientia.html (2810 words)

	A Day In The Marl Bog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		On August 13, 1999 two colleagues and I set out on an expedition to tag and track two species of pelobatidae (frogs).
		These frogs were indigenous to a marl bog in South Carolina where the nutrient levels are higher to that of the muskeg in canada where they are also found.
		It was then when we noticed that there was a large discrepancy between the number of females as opposed to males.
	www.miracosta.cc.ca.us /home/jihara/majors02/species/magnoliopsida.html (437 words)

	Spadefoot Toads (Pelobatidae) - MavicaNET (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This file contains a systematic overview of Pelobatidae, featuring links to books, other pages on the web about Pelobatidae, pictures etc. Common names in different languages may be also available as well as a short dutch description to the taxon.
		Merkmale der Pelobatidae - Froschkroeten (Bestimmungsuebungen an Voegeln and Saeugern).
		Ñåìåéñòâî ×åñíî÷íèöû - Pelobatidae - ñîñòîèò èç 10 ðîäîâ è 109 âèäîâ.
	www.mavicanet.com /directory/gle/31204.html (380 words)

	Herpbreeder.dk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		.::::: Salientia of the World - Pelobatidae :::::.
		The family Pelobatidae contains three genera, some authers consider Spea a synonym of Scaphiopus.
		Megophryidae was previously considered a subfamily in Pelobatidae
	herpbreeder.com /worldspecies/Salientia/pelobatidae/pelobatidmain.htm (30 words)

	Definition of pelobatidae - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Click here to search for another word in the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
		Learn more about "pelobatidae " and related topics at Britannica.com
		See a map of "pelobatidae " in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.merriamwebster.com /dictionary/pelobatidae (41 words)

	Herpbreeder.dk
		Rivero, J.A. A New Race of Otophryne robusta Boulenger (Amphibia, Salientia) from the Chimanta - Tepui of Venezuela.
		Rocek, Z. Cranial anatomy of frogs of the family Pelobatidae Stannius, 1856, with outlines of their phylogeny and systematics.
		The effects of feeding on blood gases, acid-base parameters and selected metabolites in the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana.
	www.herpbreeder.com /pdf/pdfanura.htm (2115 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The sacrum possesses a combination of characters present in sacra of neobatrachian frogs from southern continents, and the atlas resembles those found among the Pelobatidae.
		These fossils document the existence of multiple anuran taxa on Madagascar during the Late Cretaceous.
		The tentative referral of the atlas to the Pelobatidae implies that this taxon, best known from northern continents, previously had a more cosmopolitan distribution.
	www.vertpaleo.org /jvp/18-696-699.html (184 words)

	Comprehensive Report Species - Spea hammondii (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		(2003) used mtDNA to examine the phylogentic relationships of Pelobatoidea and found that the family Pelobatidae, as previously defined, is not monophyletic (Pelobates is sister to Megophryidae, not to Spea/Scaphiopus).
		They split the Pelobatidae into two families: Eurasian spadefoot toads (Pelobates), which retain the name Pelobatidae, and North American spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus, Spea), which make up the revived family Scaphiopodidae.
		Nearly endemic to central and southwestern California, also occurs in northwestern Baja California; extirpated from many sites in the Central Valley and coastal southern California; declining due to impacts of urbanization and agricultural development; some populations may be threatened by habitat fragmentation or exotic species (mosquitofish stocked for mosquito abatement, bullfrogs).
	natureserve.org /explorer/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Spea+hammondii (2017 words)

	Frog diversity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Rhinophrynidae, Megophrynidae, Pelodytidae and Pelobatidae) and the suborder
		In this lab we will cover only the anuran families distributed in the New World,
		- Pipidae and Pelobatidae for the pipoid frogs
	www.fiu.edu /~acaten01/frodiv2.html (1520 words)

	Discovery Channel¿ Book Club - Edited by Tim Halliday: FIREFLY ENCYCLOPEDIA OF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Special extended essays throughout the book shed light on phenomena ranging from vocal communication in frogs to the evolution of snake venom.
		Another valuable feature of the book is the specific coverage with which you can learn more about individual families of reptiles and amphibians, such as the Spadefoot toads (Family Pelobatidae), which owe their interesting name to a sharp-edged "spade" on their hind feet.
		This site is a book service of the Professional Book Clubs® which is owned and operated by Doubleday Canada Limited - © 2005.
	www.discoverychannelbookclub.ca /join/book_detail_kw.asp?inv=3024346&c... (193 words)

	IngentaConnect Cryptic Speciation in Pelobates fuscus(Amphibia, Pelobatidae): Cy... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		IngentaConnect Cryptic Speciation in Pelobates fuscus(Amphibia, Pelobatidae): Cy...
		Cryptic Speciation in Pelobates fuscus(Amphibia, Pelobatidae): Cytometric and Biochemical Evidence
		You will be able to remove this item from your shopping cart at any time before you have completed check-out.
	ingentaconnect.com /content/maik/dobs/2001/00000376/F0060001/00301494 (114 words)

	San Diego Zoo's Animal Bytes: Frog & Toad
		They can hop 14 feet (4.2 meters) in a single bound!
		• Spadefoot toads (family Pelobatidae) can act as amphibian weather forecasters.
		Before a rainstorm they come out by the hundreds to croak something that sounds like, "Rain-today, rain-today." Then people who live nearby know to expect a storm.
	www.sandiegozoo.org /animalbytes/t-frog_toad.html (1247 words)

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