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	Pelvic Pain
		Pelvic pain is a common complaint among women.
		Pelvic pain can be categorized as either acute, meaning the pain is sudden and severe, or chronic, lasting over a period of months or longer.
		Pelvic pain may originate in genital or extragenital organs in and around the pelvis, or it may be psychological, which can make pain feel worse or actually cause a sensation of pain, when no physical problem is present.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /uvahealth/adult_women/pelvic.cfm (673 words)

	Pelvic Myoneuropathy
		Pelvic floor muscle spasm may be the main cause of symptoms in over 90% of CPPS patients.
		When they palpated their patients' pelvic floor muscles, they found that 88% of these patients had "myofascial tenderness" in the rectal area which was associated with the inability to relax the pelvic floor efficiently.
		We have identified a group of chronic pelvic pain syndromes caused by overuse of the human instinct to protect the genitals, rectum and contents of the pelvis from injury or pain by contracting the pelvic muscles.
	www.chronicprostatitis.com /myoneuropathy.html (3758 words)

	PELVIC FLOOR EXERCISES FOR WOMEN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The pelvic floor is a large sling (or hammock) of muscles stretching from side to side across the floor of the pelvis.
		Pelvic floor exercises should give optimum results with regular exercise within 3 to 6 months, but you should continue them for life to safeguard against problems recurring.
		This is usually used as an adjunct to pelvic floor exercises for symptoms of stress and /or urge incontinence.
	www.continence-foundation.org.uk /docs/pelvwom.htm (1192 words)

	Pelvic fracture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Pelvic fractures are classified as stable or unstable, and as open or closed.
		A stable fracture is one in which the pelvis remains stable and involves one break-point in the pelvic ring with minimal hemorrhage.
		A pelvic fracture is typically diagnosed by an emergency physician looking for bone tenderness, limitations of movement, difficulty walking, and any loss of nerve function in the lower part of the body.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/pelvic_fracture.jsp (1145 words)

	HSS - Pelvic Fractures/Fractures of the Acetabulum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Pelvic fractures may occur at any location on the bones depending on the nature of the accident and the areas of impact.
		Treatment for patients with pelvic fractures is based on a number of factors including the type of fracture, the stability of the pelvis, and the degree of displacement of the bones.
		The outcome of surgery for a pelvic or acetabular fracture is dependent on a variety of factors including: the extent of injury including injuries to the head and other organs, the health of the patient prior to the injury, and whether this is the patient's first surgery for the condition.
	www.hss.edu /Conditions/Pelvis/Acetabulum---Pelvic-Fractures (4187 words)

	Pelvic Ultrasound
		For women, pelvic ultrasound is most often used to examine the uterus and ovaries and, during pregnancy, to monitor the health and development of the embryo or fetus.
		There are three methods of performing pelvic ultrasound: abdominal (transabdominal) and vaginal (transvaginal, endovaginal) in women and rectal (transrectal) in men.
		Pelvic ultrasound can help to identify and evaluate a variety of urinary and reproductive system disorders in both sexes without even the minimal risks associated with x-ray exposure.
	www.radiologyinfo.org /en/info.cfm?pg=pelvus (2094 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 18, Ch. 237, Pelvic Pain
		Pelvic pain may be due to a surgical emergency (eg, ovarian cyst torsion, ectopic pregnancy, ruptured tubo-ovarian abscess, appendicitis, bowel perforation).
		Cyclic pelvic pain occurs in 30 to 50% of reproductive-aged women; it is severe enough to interfere with normal activity in 10 to 15%.
		Because the bowel and pelvic organs share visceral innervation, lower abdominal pain of GI origin is often confused with that of pelvic origin.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmanual/section18/chapter237/237a.jsp (2099 words)

	Causes of chronic pelvic pain
		Endometriosis is one of the most common problems in women with chronic pelvic pain.
		In particular, the uterus, tubes, ovaries and nearby intestines may be stuck together by adhesions in women with chronic pelvic pain, and in some cases the adhesions cover these organs completely.
		One of the pelvic muscles often affected is the piriformis muscle (sometimes called piriformis syndrome).
	www.stronghealth.com /services/womenshealth/gynecology/cppcauses.cfm (654 words)

	Medem: Medical Library: Pelvic Support Problems
		The parts of the body affected by pelvic support problems include the urethra and bladder, the small intestine, the rectum, the uterus and the vagina.
		When the tissues that support the pelvic organs are stretched and damaged, the organ that they support may drop down and press against the wall of the vagina.
		Exercises called Kegel exercises, or pelvic muscle exercises, are used to strengthen the muscles that surround the openings of the urethra, vagina and rectum.
	www.medem.com /MedLB/article_detaillb.cfm?article_ID=ZZZ68BWD27C&sub_cat=9 (840 words)

	Pelvic floor disorders, incontinence, pelvic pain
		Although men can suffer from pelvic floor disorders, the obvious differences in anatomy and function of the pelvic organs and their support that exist between men and women, make this set of disorders much more common in women.
		The “pelvic floor” refers to the pelvic diaphragm, the sphincter mechanism of the lower urinary tract, the upper and lower vaginal supports, and the internal and external anal sphincters.
		Women with pelvic floor disorders may suffer from the rectum protruding through the back wall of the vagina (rectocele), the bladder protruding out through the anterior vaginal wall (cystocele) or the entire vagina (vaginal vault prolapse) or uterus (uterine prolapse) prolapsing through the vaginal opening.
	www.surgery.usc.edu /divisions/cr/pelvicfloordisorders.html (1630 words)

	Pelvic Floor Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Pelvic floor (pelvic support) disorders involve a dropping down (prolapse) of the bladder, rectum, or uterus caused by weakness of or injury to the ligaments, connective tissue, and muscles of the pelvis.
		The pelvic floor is a network of muscles, ligaments, and tissues that act like a hammock to support the organs of the pelvis: the uterus, bladder, and rectum.
		Pelvic floor disorders are more common among women who have had several vaginal deliveries, and the risk may increase with each delivery.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec22/ch249/ch249a.html (1538 words)

	Vanguard Online Edition : Chronic pelvic pain: How to cope
		It is difficult to assess the economic cost of chronic pelvic pain, but in the United Kingdom about E160 million a year is spent on medical investigations alone, and of course women with this condition may lose several days of work every month.
		Most women with undiagnosed chronic pelvic pain are referred to a gynaecologist, but even so women often feel dismissed and find that their symptoms are not taken seriously.
		Chronic pelvic pain is usually defined as pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis that has lasted for at least six months and is not associated with menstruation or sexual intercourse.
	www.vanguardngr.com /articles/2002/features/fe510032004.html (1016 words)

	TheFetus.net - Kidney, pelvic -Eric H. Dellinger, MD
		Of great clinical importance is the fact that pelvic kidneys may represent the patient"s sole kidney, and the diagnosis must be considered in the evaluation of any unusual pelvic masses to prevent an unintended nephrectomy.
		The prognosis for children born with a pelvic kidney is excellent in the absence of coexisting anomalies or chromosomal disorders.
		In the otherwise healthy newborn, pelvic kidneys are associated with an increased risk of hydronephrosis secondary to alterations in the course of the ureter.
	www.thefetus.net /page.php?id=549 (858 words)

	Vulvodynia - Functional Rehabilitation of Pelvic Floor Muscles
		In this population hypertonicity and instability of pelvic floor muscles are believed to play a significant role in sympathetically maintained stimulation of nociceptive fibers.
		Effective stabilization of pelvic floor muscles could be achieved, however, by fatiguing the muscle group through augmented voluntary pelvic floor contraction with accessory muscle groups.
		In those patients trained with the AAPFC method, we found that the augmented contractile amplitude of pelvic floor was 185% (50 uv compared with 27 uv) of the "pure" pelvic floor contraction.
	www.vulvodynia.com /fropfm.htm (1099 words)

	Pelvic Relaxation \| AHealthyMe.com
		Pelvic relaxation is a weakening of the supportive muscles and ligaments of the pelvic floor.
		This condition, which affects women and is usually caused by childbirth, aging, and problems with support, causes the pelvic floor to sag and press into the wall of the vagina.
		To limit stress on the pelvic support system, women are advised to maintain a normal body weight, limit heavy lifting, and avoid unnecessary straining to have bowel movements.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/topic103548924 (536 words)

	pelvic floor muscle rehab
		The actual effects of pelvic muscle exercises (PME's) on the bladder and pelvic muscles are not completely understood but there may be a relationship between changes in various measures of pelvic floor strength, such as anal or rectal sphincter strength or increased urethral closure pressure, and resistance, all of which prevent urine leakage.
		These exercises have become known as pelvic muscle exercises (PMEs) or pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT.) Research starting in the 1980s and continuing in the present has shown them to decrease urine leakage in women and men with stress and urge UI and with overactive bladder symptoms of urinary urgency and frequency.
		Pelvic floor re-education has proven to be effective in women with sphincter deficiency and detrusor instability.
	www.seekwellness.com /incontinence/pelvic_floor_muscle_rehab.htm (2188 words)

	pelvic pain & vulvodynia
		The area of pelvic health in women is a growing area of concern for health care providers as well as women with disorders that involve the pelvic area (bladder, pelvic floor muscle, rectum and uterus.) Chronic pelvic pain and vulvodynia, two frustrating pelvic disorders seen in young adult women, are not well understood.
		Pelvic floor muscle relaxation training, or reverse "Kegel"exercises, is useful in reducing this muscle tension prior to a stretching or exercise routine.
		A biofeedback-assisted exercise program that stabilizes the pelvic floor muscles can reduce and eliminate symptoms of CPP and vulvodynia (Glazer, Rodke, et al, 2000.) The biofeedback program is usually combined with a home routine of pelvic floor exercises and rectal massage to stretch scar tissue in the pelvic floor muscles and reduce trigger points.
	www.seekwellness.com /incontinence/pelvic_health.htm (3950 words)

	Pelvic Exam and Pap Smear
		The pelvic examination is a "check-up" of your vagina (inside and outside), cervix (opening of the uterus) and uterus (womb).
		During the pelvic exam, drops of discharge from the vagina may be looked at under the microscope to check for yeast, Trichomonas, bacterial vaginosis and irritation or infection of the cervix.
		The second part of a pelvic examination is when the doctor puts two fingers inside the vagina and checks the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries for normal development, infection (such as PID), tubal pregnancy or ovarian cysts.
	www.dph.sf.ca.us /HealthInfo/std_pelvic.htm (730 words)

	MedlinePlus: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
		Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)
		Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
		The primary NIH organization for research on Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/pelvicinflammatorydisease.html (148 words)

	OBGYN.net "If You Have Pelvic Pain" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Pelvic pain that lasts 6 or more months, and is not associated with the menstrual period, is called chronic pelvic pain (menstrual pain is discussed in chapter 3).
		Furthermore the bladder, the intestines and the pelvic organs share similar nerves, and your brain may not be able to differentiate pain in one area from that of another area.
		Lastly, the bladder, the intestines and the pelvic organs are close together in the abdominal area, and it may be difficult for you to tell exactly where a pain originates.
	www.obgyn.net /cpp/cpp.asp?page=/cpp/articles/parker_pelvic_pain (1199 words)

	Triple Pelvic Osteotomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) is a surgery that preserves the natural hip joint, eliminates subluxation (laxity), and prevents the progression of arthritis.
		Triple pelvic osteotomy is a surgical procedure which rotates the shallow acetabulum to provide improved coverage of the femoral head.
		The object of triple pelvic osteotomy is to allow joint congruency between the ball (femoral head) and socket (acetabulum) so that appropriate joint development will proceed without further damage.
	www.petsurgery.com /triplepelvicosteotomy.html (580 words)

	Pelvic Fractures Menu - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		Pelvic and Lower Extremity Trauma--Symposium: The Role of Standard Roentgenograms in the Evaluation of Instability of Pelvic Ring Disruption.
		Pelvic fracture from major blunt trauma.Outcome is determined by associated injuries.
		Pelvic fracture in multiple trauma: classification by mechanism is key to pattern of organ injury, resuscitative requirements, and outcome.
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/pelvic_fractures (473 words)

	Pelvic Floor Muscle Tension (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The pelvic floor is composed of a group of muscles, which span the inferior, or underlying surface of the bony pelvis.
		The excessive tension may be a learned reaction to stress or pain or, it may occur with trauma to the pelvic structures, which leads to subtle, unrecognized injury to the nerves or muscles, which contribute to the development of "spasm" like activity in the muscles.
		An important distinction was made between the voluntary control characteristic of pelvic floor muscle, in contrast to the involuntary nature of the muscle of the rectum, colon and bladder.
	www.aboutincontinence.org /PelvicFloor.html (2237 words)

	Pelvic Pain Diagnosis
		Pelvic pain must be diagnosed accurately if the pelvic pain is to appropriately treated.
		In order to determine the cause of pelvic pain obtain the history of the pelvic pain.
		When someone is having pelvic pain, I try to do the exam a gently as possible.
	www.gynalternatives.com /paindx.htm (868 words)

	Women report chronic pelvic pain not taken seriously, survey shows
		The survey found that 40 percent of women who suffer from chronic pelvic pain due to endometriosis or the formation of post-surgical scar tissue have been told they exaggerate their pain.
		Two of the leading causes of chronic pelvic pain are endometriosis and the formation of post surgical scar tissue, also called adhesions.
		Ironically, women who undergo pelvic surgery to correct endometriosis or to remove adhesions (a procedure called adhesiolysis) are at risk for developing pelvic pain from new formations of pelvic adhesions.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-10/opr-wrc101402.php (980 words)

	eMedicine - Ultrasonography, Pelvic : Article by Verena T Valley, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Pelvic ultrasonography can be used to determine the etiology of a pelvic mass.
		Pelvic inflammatory disease can be identified at ultrasonography.
		Brown DL: Pelvic ultrasound in the postabortion and postpartum patient.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic622.htm (1562 words)

	Pelvic Dysfunction Physiotherapy
		Pelvic dysfunction physiotherapy is the assessment and treatment of problems involving the pelvic region of the body by a physiotherapist who has specialized training in pelvic conditions.
		CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN - It is pelvic pain alone or in combination, in the abdomen, hip, pelvis, vagina, thighs, buttocks and rectum that has persisted for 6 months or more.
		Examples are: general chronic pelvic pain, vulvodynia, vulvar vestibulitis, pelvic floor tension myalgia, levator ani syndrome, dyspareunia, vaginismus, anismus, proctalgia fugax, coccygodynia, chronic prostatitis, pudendal neuralgia and endometriosis.
	www.pelvicdysfunction.ca (328 words)

	Pelvic Pain
		Many times pelvic pain is just the normal functioning of the reproductive or other organs.
		Examples of this type of pelvic pain would be a ruptured tubal pregnancy or appendicitis.
		Pelvic pain that is caused something that is part of the normal functioning of the reproductive organs, and will probably resolve without treatment.
	www.gynalternatives.com /painmain.htm (335 words)

	Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
		Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, or PID for short, is actually a spectrum of diseases that affect women only.
		Pelvic pain and fever with symptoms of gonorrhea or chlamydia are common symptoms as well.
		On the bimanual pelvic exam (a part of a woman's physical examination where two hands are used to feel the anatomy of the pelvis), the doctor may find pain when examining the cervix (known as cervical motion tenderness or the "chandelier sign").
	www.afraidtoask.com /STD/pid.html (398 words)

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