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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Penal Laws
		The first repeal of the Penal Code was effected by the Act for the relief of Scottish Catholics, which received the royal assent in May, 1793, and practically complete liberty was granted to them under the provisions of the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829.
		Although the penal laws of Ireland were passed by a Protestant Parliament and aimed at depriving Catholics of their faith, such laws were not the outcome of religious motives only.
		Lord Baltimore, refusing as a Catholic to acknowledge the ecclesiastical supremacy of the king, in 1628 was denied temporary residence in the colony.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11611c.htm (6037 words)

	AUSTRALIAN PENAL COLONIES
		Convicts sent to penal settlements suffered the same abuse that slaves were exposed to.
		It was interesting to note that in the beginning of all penal settlements, people had a hard time determining a name for the country.
		It is obvious that Dickens was attempting to prove the theory of rehabilitation in the Australian penal colonies.
	www.umd.umich.edu /casl/hum/eng/classes/434/geweb/AUSTRALI.htm (2619 words)

	Penal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Penal (originally Peñal) is a town in southern Trinidad.
		Penal is largely considered to be dominated by the East Indian descendants, more commonly referred to as Indians.
		Penal is administered by the Penal-Debe Regional Corporation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Penal (190 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for penal
		Penal Laws in English and Irish history, term generally applied to the body of discriminatory and oppressive legislation directed chiefly against Roman Catholics but also against Protestant nonconformists.
		A penal colony founded in 1852, it was used largely for political prisoners, the most celebrated of whom was Alfred Dreyfus.
		As minister of justice (1881-83, 1887-91) he prepared a new penal code, which was approved in 1890 and remained in force until 1931.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=penal (709 words)

	Penal law
		Generally speaking, penal or criminal law refers to the body of criminal law, laws that are enforced by the State in its own name and impose penalties for their violation, as opposed to civil law that seeks to redress private wrongs.
		In English history, penal law refers to a specific series of laws that sought to uphold the establishment of the Church of England against Protestant nonconformists and Roman Catholics, by imposing various forfeitures, civil penalties, and civil disabilities upon these dissenters.
		The Penal Laws were gradually repealed at the end of the eighteenth century and beginning of the nineteenth century.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pe/Penal_law.html (221 words)

	penal - definition by dict.die.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		penal adj 1: of or relating to punishment; "penal reform"; "penal code" 2: serving as or designed to impose punishment; "penal servitude"; "a penal colony" 3: subject to punishment by law; "a penal offense" [syn: punishable]
		Penal code (Law), a code of laws concerning crimes and offenses and their punishment.
		Penal servitude, imprisonment with hard labor, in a prison, in lieu of transportation.
	dict.die.net /penal (148 words)

	Penal Legion
		Penal Troops are a 'cheap' alternative to properly-trained guardsmen, but they are notoriously unreliable, and not often employed.
		Penal Troops cannot be assigned heavy or special weapons - not only would that require training, but it would be more dangerous for their commander.
		If, at the start of a turn, the Penal Troops find that their Commander is deceased, or that they are within 6" of one of the short sides of the table (ie, not the side/corner on which they started, and not the enemy's territory), they may "make a break for it".
	members.tripod.com /rooksnest/40Kretro/ImperialGuard/PenalLegion.htm (363 words)

	penal - Resultados de la búsqueda - MSN Encarta
		Derecho penal, ámbito del ordenamiento jurídico que se ocupa de la determinación de los delitos y faltas, de las penas que procede imponer a los...
		Tribunal Penal Internacional para la antigua Yugoslavia, tribunal internacional dependiente de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU),...
		Tribunal Penal Internacional de Naciones Unidas, tribunal de jurisdicción internacional, de carácter permanente y dependiente de la...
	es.encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=penal (89 words)

	Capital Defender Office - NY Penal
		When such a sentence is imposed, the court shall impose a maximum term in accordance with the provisions of subdivision two of this section and the minimum period of imprisonment shall be as provided in subdivision three of this section.
		A defendant may be sentenced to life imprisonment without parole only upon conviction for the crime of murder in the first degree as defined in section 125.27 of this chapter and in accordance with the procedures provided by law for imposing a sentence for such crime.
		When a sentence of life imprisonment without parole is imposed, the court shall commit the defendant to the custody of the state department of correctional services for the remainder of the life of the defendant.
	www.nycdo.org /statute_penal.html (694 words)

	Penal colony - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Ecuador, the Island of San Cristobál (in the Galapagos archipelago) was used as a penal colony 1869 - 1904.
		Both Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union used Siberia as a penal colony for criminals and dissidents.
		In several episodes the TV series Stargate SG-1, whole planets are used as penal colonies, generally by the goa'uld, e.g.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Penal_colony (783 words)

	Penal substitution theory of the atonement - Theopedia
		The principle of penal substitution is held, by many of its proponents, to be the control through which all other views of the accomplishments of Christ on the cross are to be seen and the mechanic by which all other accomplishments work.
		Penal Substitution is based on the concept of a criminal justice system which demands punishment for transgression.
		J.I. Packer argues that Penal Substitution was formulated during a period when "Protestant exegesis of Scripture was colored by an uncriticized and indeed unrecognized natural theology of law.
	www.theopedia.com /Penal_substitution_theory_of_the_atonement (2239 words)

	Derecho penal
		Ley penal: La palabra ley penal proviene del latín “ Lex “, que según la opinión mas generalizada se deriva del vocablo “ legere “ (que se lee), algunos autores lo relacionan con el carácter obligatorio de las leyes.
		En este aspecto la validez de la ley penal atiende a la persona que va dirigida, por su supuesto principio de igualdad ante la ley penal.
		Hechos conocidos para conocer lo que se desconocen o bien en otras palabras y entorno a lo que estable la ley adjetiva Penal son los hechos conocidos de los que se refiere lógicamente, la existencia de los hechos que se pretenden (Articulo 107).
	html.rincondelvago.com /derecho-penal_9.html (6701 words)

	Template
		In Ireland, the "Penal Laws" is the name given to the code of laws passed by the Protestant Parliament of Ireland which regulated the status of Roman Catholics through most of the eighteenth century.
		The declared purpose of the Irish Penal Laws, like that of the apartheid laws of recent South African history, was to disenfranchise the native majority from all power, both political and economic.
		Unlike apartheid, the disabilities created by the Penal Laws were aimed not at a particular race or ethnic group, but at the adherents of a particular religion.
	www.law.umn.edu /irishlaw/intro.html (1665 words)

	DIREITO PROCESSUAL PENAL
		O processo penal serve para a apuração das infrações penais e a aplicação das respectivas penas.
		Em 1984 a execucao penal passou a ser regulada pela Lei de Execucao Penal (LEP), Lei 7.210, de 11.7.84.
		Aplicam-se ao processo penal as regras usuais de interpretacao da lei.
	www.angelfire.com /ar/rosa01/direito33.html (420 words)

	PENAL CODE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Penal Code shall also apply to foreign citizens who have committed crimes of general nature abroad, whereby the interests of the Republic of Bulgaria or of Bulgarian citizens have been affected.
		The sentence of a foreign court for a crime to which the Bulgarian Penal Code is applicable shall be taken into consideration in the cases specified in an international agreement to which the Republic of Bulgaria is a party.
		(1) Penally responsible shall not be a person, who has acted in a state of insanity - where due to retarded mentality or derangement of his consciousness of prolonged or short duration, the person has not been able to understand the nature and meaning of the act or to manage his actions.
	www2.umt.edu /lawinsider/library/lawbyjur/bulgarpc.htm (13685 words)

	Lecciones de Derecho Penal - Parte general (Perú) - Monografias.com
		Así, la familia, la escuela, la iglesia, el Derecho Penal, el Derecho Administrativo, etc., son medios de control social que, de uno u otro modo, influyen en la conducta del hombre en pro de la paz social.
		Así como el Derecho Penal es aplicable a conductas altamente gravosas, las sanciones son también altamente graves, que incluso llegan a privar un derecho tan elemental como es la libertad.
		Así, nuestro Código Penal le dedica una sección a cada uno de ellos.
	www.monografias.com /trabajos40/derecho-penal-peru/derecho-penal-peru.shtml (1350 words)

	CD Baby: PENAL COLONY: Unfinished Business
		After several months of performing around Hollywood and the Inland Empire, PENAL COLONY piqued the interest of some record industry types during a show at The Roxy in Hollywood, and after a minor bidding skirmish, was picked up by Cleopatra Records in 1993.
		Sadly, PENAL COLONY quickly disintegrated at the end of the tour, plans for a new lineup that would have included Shinkus, Hubbard, Madden, and members of the touring band were scrapped.
		Where once there were an abundance of live instruments interspersed with samples, there is now a heart and body of sequencing, strong electronica-style drum programming, and cutting guitar lines, with the same familiar vocal style of the previous incarnation, possibly more frenetic and obscure, but with more hooks and catchy choruses than ever.
	www.cdbaby.com /cd/penalcolony (1327 words)

	In the Penal Colony Summary & Essays - Franz Kafka
		The story of an explorer's tour of an island known for its unusual capital punishment machine, "In the Penal Colony'' took just two weeks to complete, although Kafka was dissatisfied with the ending and rewrote it several times in later years.
		Kafka's detached narrative style—in which character description is minimal and the author's presence unobtrusive—is one of the admired qualities of this story, and it is a strong factor in its haunting effect.
		"In the Penal Colony" is considered by many critics to be an allegory comparing the Old and New Testaments of the Bible, with the officer's willing sacrifice serving as an analogy to Jesus Christ's suffering and death.
	www.enotes.com /penal-colony (371 words)

	Evolución historica del derecho penal - Monografias.com
		Aquí se establece el carácter público del Derecho Penal, la existencia de personas inimputables; la distinción entre hechos culposos y dolosos y la existencia de una categoría de hechos justificados Ej.
		Cuenta con 219 artículos, 70 son sobre derecho penal; prodiga la pena de muerte y establece como cumplirla; acepta la interpretación y aplicación analógica de la leyes penales; es de carácter subjetivo pues admite la tentativa y distingue entre dolo y culpa.
		Utiliza el método deductivo, va de lo general (la norma penal) a lo particular (al individuo que se le va a aplicar la pena).
	www.monografias.com /trabajos6/evde/evde.shtml (2603 words)

	Penal Legions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Penal Legions ranks are swelled with the undevout.
		The Penal Legion is not an army in its own right, but is useful where greater numbers are necessary to win the day.
		The Penal Legions are part of a regular fighting force of the Imperial Guard, and a commander who regards Penal troops merely as cannon-fodder and uses them wastefully is liable to end up in a Penal Legion himself.
	www.inisfail.com /archives/penal-legions.html (625 words)

	Paulo de Sousa - La responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas...
		Con relación a muchos comportamientos cualificados como crímenes, integrantes del llamado derecho penal de justicia, valen en su integridad los argumentos suprarreferidos para justificar la punición penal de las personas jurídicas en el derecho penal secundario.
		En la lógica de la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas (que no en la mía), sería entonces más acertada – de jure condendo– la creación de un delito de "persona jurídica con actividad de hecho de asociación ilícita", como conminación de la pena de disolución (a la manera del delito de "asociación ilícita", art.
		La relación de la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas como responsabilidad individual constituye un problema complejo que carece aún de una solución ex profeso, y resulta evidente que la doctrina portuguesa es plenamente consciente de ello [cf.
	www.uoc.edu /in3/dt/20078/index.html (6557 words)

	LEY DE JUSTICIA PENAL JUVENIL
		ARTICULO 68.- Acción penal juvenil La acción penal juvenil corresponderá al Ministerio Público, sin perjuicio de la participación que esta ley y el Código Procesal Penal concedan al ofendido, tratándose de delitos de acción privada y de acción pública a instancia privada.
		ARTICULO 109.- Prescripción de la acción La acción penal prescribirá a los cinco años en el caso de delitos contra la vida, delitos sexuales y delitos contra la integridad física; en tres años, cuando se trate de cualquier otro tipo de delito de acción pública.
		Se ubicará a los menores con edades comprendidas entre los quince y los dieciocho años en lugar diferente del destinado a los menores con edades comprendidas entre los doce y los quince años; igualmente, se separarán los que se encuentren en internamiento provisional y los de internamiento definitivo.
	www.oas.org /Juridico/mla/sp/cri/sp_cri-int-text-juv.html (9936 words)

	Nuevo Código Penal de Puerto Rico 2004
		Hasta tanto se proceda a enmendar las leyes penales especiales de conformidad con el sistema de sentencia determinada, los delitos graves estatuidos en éstas aparejarán pena de reclusión por un término fijo igual a tres quintas partes de la pena máxima establecida para estos delitos.
		No se instará acción penal contra persona alguna por un hecho que no esté expresamente definido por la ley como delito, ni se impondrán penas o medidas de seguridad que la ley no hubiere previamente establecido.
		No incurre en responsabilidad penal quien obre con la convicción errada e invencible de que no concurre en su acción u omisión alguna de las exigencias necesarias para que el hecho corresponda a su descripción legal.
	www.lexjuris.com /penal/lexpenal.htm (4684 words)

	The Penal Code - Moviefone
		The Penal Code Movie - DVD Information on the The Penal Code Movie from Bestprices.com is available here.
		Penal Code DVD movie at Video Universe Great prices on Penal Code DVD movie and review at Video Universe, Great service secure ordering and fast shipping at everyday discount prices.
		The Model Penal Code II: Might Film Schools be in Need of a Remake Gerard E. Lynch, Revising the Model Penal Code: Keeping It Real, 1 O...
	movies.aol.com /movie/the-penal-code/1070723/main (185 words)

	Howard League: home: The Howard League for Penal Reform
		The Howard League for Penal Reform has announced that the Home Office has granted us a public inquiry into the case of a young girl sent to prison where she attempted suicide repeatedly.
		The Howard League for Penal Reform legal team took judicial review proceedings on behalf of SP to get her moved into a hospital to support her mental health needs and subsequently to get a public inquiry into her treatment.
		Lord Carlile, President of the Howard League for Penal Reform, is to hold a debate in the Lords to question the use of physical restraint, seclusion and strip searching on children in penal custody, exactly one year after the publication of the report of his inquiry into the treatment of children in custody.
	www.howardleague.org (718 words)

	CA Penal Codes
		Penal Code Section 69 - Obstructing or Resisting Executive Officer in Performance
		Penal Code Section 136.1 - Intimidation of Witnesses and Victims
		Penal Code Section 139 - Threat to use Force or Violence Upon Witnesses
	www.stalkingalert.com /capenalcodes.htm (5474 words)

	Código PENAL
		Los últimos Códigos Penales Ecuatorianos, que no pueden ser calificados como nuevos en estricto senti-do doctrinario, pero que tampoco pueden ser conside-rados como antiguos en forma totalmente peyorativa, como alguna vez se afirmara tal vez pueden ser teni-dos, en cierta manera, como humanos...
		Y falta también una sustancial modificación de todo el sistema jurídico penal: el dogma, la incriminación y el procedimiento para juzgar al sujeto activo del delito reclaman una urgente revisión y en gran escala; el De-recho Ejecutivo Penal debe ser incorporado al Dere-cho Positivo Ecuatoriano sobre sólidos y nuevos crite-rios científicos.
		Ojalá pronto el Derecho Penal Ecuatoriano, inestable como todos los de Iberoamérica, encuentre su ruta y su des-tino bajo la égida de las tesis contemporáneas, para perfec-ción del Estado y norma de civilizado convivir de los aso-ciados.
	www.dlh.lahora.com.ec /paginas/judicial/PAGINAS/Codpenal.html (555 words)

	International Association of Penal Law - www.penal.org
		The Association is the successor of the International Union of Penal Law (I.U.P.L./U.I.D.P.) which had been founded in 1889 in
		This association was dissolved as a result of World War I. The I.A.P.L. is worldwide the oldest association of specialists in penal law and one of the oldest scientific associations.
		These scientific activities are furthered by the Scientific Committee whose task culminates in the organization of the quinquennial congresses which are prepared by preparatory colloquia covering the four topics of the congress (Substantial criminal law, Special criminal Law, procedural penal law and international criminal law).
	www.penal.org /new/generale.php?Doc_zone=QUI&langage=gb&ID_doc=225 (520 words)

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