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	Convicts and the British colonies in Australia - Australia's Culture Portal
		From 1788 to 1823, the Colony of New South Wales was officially a penal colony comprised mainly of convicts, marines and the wives of the marines.
		Convicts formed the majority of the colony's population for the first few decades, and by 1821 there was a growing number of freed convicts who were appointed to positions of trust and responsibility as well as being granted land.
		In 1824, the penal colony at Redcliffe was established by Lieutenant John Oxley.
	www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au /articles/convicts (2004 words)

	Philip Glass: In The Penal Colony
		Glass' new "opera theatre work" In The Penal Colony is a pretty faithful translation of Kafka's long short story of the same name which was written in 1914 and published 5 years later.
		In The Penal Colony is written for 2 singers -- tenor and baritone -- 1 speaking actor, 2 non-speaking ones and an unamplified string quintet, and it lasts 80 minutes, and adding anything else would have blunted its power.
		In The Penal Colony has been variously interpreted as an indictment of capital punishment, a parable of social responsibility and a study in obsession.
	www.classical-music-review.org /reviews/GlassCon.html (659 words)

	Franz Kafka: In the Penal Colony (e-text)
		We, his friends, already knew at the time of his death that the administration of the colony was so self-contained that even if his successor had a thousand new plans in mind, he would not be able to alter anything of the old plan, at least not for several years.
		However, he had to tell himself that here it was a matter of a penal colony, that in this place special regulations were necessary, and that one had to give precedence to military measures right down to the last detail.
		He was neither a citizen of the penal colony nor a citizen of the state to which it belonged.
	www.mala.bc.ca /~johnstoi/kafka/inthepenalcolony.htm (10660 words)

	The Iles du Salut (Salvation Islands)
		These three islands were first known to European navigators as the Triangle Islands and owe their current name and sinister reputation to two tragic episodes from the colonisation of French Guiana: the expedition to Kourou in 1763 and the inauguration of the Penal Colony in 1854.
		The Penal Colony was finally abolished in 1939, and the islands were given a new destiny in the ‘60s when CNES came to Kourou.
		After the abolition of the Penal Colony, the Iles du Salut were abandoned and soon overgrown by the naturally luxuriant vegetation until 1964, when General de Gaulle decided to install a Space Centre in French Guiana.
	www.cnes.fr /web/print-4878-the-iles-du-salut-salvation-islands.php? (661 words)

	In the Penal Colony
		Never the most brutal of the secondary penal settlements, its harsh and unremitting regime was nevertheless designed to break the spirits of its inmates in one of the most isolated places on earth.
		The instrument of his execution is an elaborate apparatus invented by the former Commandant of the colony, of whose regime the officer is a fanatical but isolated partisan, and the officer explains the workings of the apparatus to the explorer in some detail.
		There is no outside of such systems, and in this the penal colony resembles rather closely the hierarchy of surveillance envisaged in Bentham's panopticon, in which it is not only the prisoners in their cells but the warders at every level of the apparatus of inspection who are held under constant scrutiny.
	www.lib.latrobe.edu.au /AHR/archive/Issue-April-1999/frow3.html (1844 words)

	Penal colony - Memory Alpha, the Star Trek Wiki
		Penal colonies are remote prison facilities with characteristics that vary in accordance with the needs and philosophies of their governing cultures.
		Typically, a sentence to a penal colony differs from normal incarceration by charging the inmate to perform a service or labor, or to help facilitate their own rehabilitation.
		During the mid-19th century, a penal colony was established on the moon orbiting Mab-Bu VI that included hundreds of prisoners from the Ux-Mal system.
	www.memory-alpha.org /en/wiki/Penal_colony (478 words)

	Kafka’s Critique of Colonialism: “In the Penal Colony” as Dialectical Fairytale
		Kafka’s Critique of Colonialism: “In the Penal Colony” as Dialectical Fairytale
		Most previous commentators have overlooked the colonial context, insisting that the characters in Kafka’s legal narratives are symbols determined by their subordinate position in relation to the dominant legal apparatus and noting that Kafka tended to de-emphasize distinguishing features such as race, religion, or gender.
		Penal colonies also existed in remote domestic areas and were not always part of a more general system of foreign domination.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/kohn/kafkacolonialism.htm (7331 words)

	CD Baby: PENAL COLONY: Unfinished Business
		A national tour was launched in support of "5 MAN JOB", with PENAL COLONY as the opening act in a package that included then-labelmates Electric Hellfire Club.
		Sadly, PENAL COLONY quickly disintegrated at the end of the tour, plans for a new lineup that would have included Shinkus, Hubbard, Madden, and members of the touring band were scrapped.
		Where once there were an abundance of live instruments interspersed with samples, there is now a heart and body of sequencing, strong electronica-style drum programming, and cutting guitar lines, with the same familiar vocal style of the previous incarnation, possibly more frenetic and obscure, but with more hooks and catchy choruses than ever.
	www.cdbaby.com /cd/penalcolony (1327 words)

	www.myspace.com/penalcolony
		After several months of performing around Hollywood and the Inland Empire, PENAL COLONY piqued the interest of some record industry types during a show at The Roxy in Hollywood, and after a minor bidding skirmish, was picked up by Cleopatra Records in 1993.
		A national tour was launched in support of "5 MAN JOB", with PENAL COLONY as the opening act in a package that included then-labelmates Electric Hellfire Club.
		The release will include rare and previously unreleased Penal Colony material, as well as new, digitally remixed and re-mastered versions of classic Penal Colony material.
	www.myspace.com /penalcolony (1597 words)

	penal colony interview in the Feb 95 Mean Street
		Colony are thrilled with the results, but have some concerns.
		Colony itself was a shock for the Goth fans of the members' previous bands: Ex-Voto and the Texas Vamps.
		Penal Colony is obviously where the future lies.
	members.tripod.com /~penance_net/penal/ms95.html (695 words)

	Isle of the Dead, Australia colony in penal in port of port Arthur Tasmania
		The ruins of this former penal colony stand in a row peaceful landscaped park, an eerie and somewhat ironic reminder of the hardship, suffering and misery that once took place here.
		Despite the loneliness, bleakness and severity of life at the penal colony, the inscriptions on many of the headstones reflect a sense of hope, faith and encouragement as people looked forward to a better world.
		Much of the colony's population, prisoners and free alike, knew their resurrection would take place and they hoped for a new and better life, an eternal life.
	www.towards-success.com /dejnarde_files/colony_in_penal.htm (1199 words)

	[No title]
		The New Caledonian penal colony was set up in 1864 to overcome the problems associated with the Cayenne penal colony, these being the excessively humid climate, sickness and dangerous animals.
		It is important to highlight several aspects of the deportation to the penal colony in New Caledonia : For most of the prisoners, being sent to the penal colony was offered to them as a means of making amends and they were chosen according to their professional or artistic abilities.
		When the penal colony closed, a law was passed in New Caledonia stipulating that all buildings relating to the penal colony had to be destroyed.
	www.newcaledoniatourism-south.com /pressroom/account/docs/The_Penal_Colony.doc (1139 words)

	PhilipGlass.com: Compositions: In the Penal Colony
		In the Penal Colony is based on Kafka's short story of the same title.
		The material itself is allegorical, and though at first the story appears to address the question of capital punishment, in fact Kafka uses it as a platform to explore, extensively and poetically, issues of humanism, idealism, and transfiguration.
		The two protagonists, the commander of the colony and the visitor, are written for a baritone and a tenor or bass and tenor respectively.
	www.philipglass.com /html/compositions/in-the-penal-colony.html (178 words)

	ArtScope.net: In The Penal Colony (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Court Theatre is the second touring stop for the chamber opera IN THE PENAL COLONY, which premiered on August 31, 200 at A Contemporary Theatre (ACT) in Seattle, Washington.
		IN THE PENAL COLONY is a study of Kafka, not a dramatic rendering of Kafka's study of humanity.
		The story itself centers around the horrific premise that in an African penal colony at the turn of the century, a tortuous capital punishment is meted out by a death machine, the Harrow, which inscribes the broken law onto the skin of the offender with pulsing needles.
	www.artscope.net /PAREVIEWS/penalcolony1100.shtml (824 words)

	[No title]
		During its existence as a penal colony (1884-1946), more than 56,000 prisoners were transported to French Guiana from France.
		Kourou was opened every time the number of convicts in the colony passed the normal total that the penal colony was prepared to take care of.
		The work they were sent to do on the road was a sham; from 1907 until the colony shut down in 1946, the length of the road never passed beyond the 25-kilometer mark.
	www.lycos.com /info/colony--penal-colony.html (254 words)

	In the Penal Colony Summary & Essays - Franz Kafka
		Franz Kafka wrote the novella-length story ''In the Penal Colony" while he was writing his novel The Trial in 1914, and it was first published in 1919.
		The story of an explorer's tour of an island known for its unusual capital punishment machine, "In the Penal Colony'' took just two weeks to complete, although Kafka was dissatisfied with the ending and rewrote it several times in later years.
		"In the Penal Colony" is considered by many critics to be an allegory comparing the Old and New Testaments of the Bible, with the officer's willing sacrifice serving as an analogy to Jesus Christ's suffering and death.
	www.enotes.com /penal-colony (352 words)

	CD Baby: PENAL COLONY: Unfinished Business
		Shaw parted ways with the band shortly after the release of "5 MAN JOB"; Shinkus and Hubbard were unable to be part of the tour, so the audiences for the "5 MAN JOB" tour witnessed an alternate lineup that featured Madden and keyboardist Paris from Roz William's Shadow Project.
		Sadly, PENAL COLONY quickly disintegrated at the end of the tour, plans for a new lineup that would have included Shinkus, Hubbard, Madden, and members of the touring band were scrapped.
		Where once there were an abundance of live instruments interspersed with samples, there is now a heart and body of sequencing, strong electronica-style drum programming, and cutting guitar lines, with the same familiar vocal style of the previous incarnation, possibly more frenetic and obscure, but with more hooks and catchy choruses than ever.
	cdbaby.com /cd/penalcolony (1327 words)

	Kafka's In The Penal Colony (Site not responding. Last check: )
		All the same, he had to tell himself that this was, after all, a penal colony, that special regulations were required here, and that a military code had to be followed, even to extreme limits.
		He was neither a citizen of the penal colony nor a citizen of the country it belonged to.
		Although the teahouse was not much different from the rest of the houses in the colony, which, except for the governor's palace complex, were all very rundown, it still gave the explorer the impression of a historic survival; and he felt the impact of earlier times.
	www.tragleart.com /colony.htm (9109 words)

	classical music - andante - in the penal colony
		The incoming (and unseen) commander of an island penal colony off the coast of Africa sends a friend of his, a diplomat known only as the Visitor, to view the colony's method of executing condemned prisoners and report back on whether or not it should be discontinued.
		That method turns out to be a particularly horrifying case of letting the punishment fit the crime: a machine with hundreds of needles which inscribe onto the prisoner's body the law he has broken.
		(Spare parts are hard to come by in the colony.) The Visitor tells the resident Officer, who is fiercely devoted to both the machine and the previous Commander, that he will nevertheless recommend against continuing such executions; the Officer then places himself into his machine and dies.
	www.andante.com /article/article.cfm?id=10551 (581 words)

	Review of Kafka’s In The Penal Colony
		The explorer is to witness the execution of a prisoner that has disobeyed one of the stipulations of the Colony.
		The task of carrying out this execution has fallen to a zealous disciple of the method whom served under the previous Commandant.
		The explorer and officer are speaking French, which is not spoken in the Colony.
	www.geocities.com /robleh.geo/penal_colony.htm (1155 words)

	The Penal Colony
		It is certainly doubtful whether the innocent spectator would deduce from a single viewing that the basic industry of the Latin American island of Captiva is the manufacture of news on behalf of international press agencies.
		The general strategy of The Penal Colony is in fact common to all of Ruiz’s Chilean films: deceptively casual reportage of the fantastic seen in everyday terms.
		Here the starting point was Kafka’s parable about a famous explorer called upon to witness a model execution in a remote settlement, which ends with the condemned man escaping and the officer in charge destroyed by his own execution machine.
	www.rouge.com.au /2/penal.html (396 words)

	In the Penal Colony Summary
		"In the Penal Colony" (original title In der Strafkolonie) is a short story in German by Franz Kafka.
		It is set in an unnamed penal colony.
		In the Penal Colony is a story about the last use of an elabor...
	www.bookrags.com /In_the_Penal_Colony (283 words)

	Penal Colony - AOL Music
		A penal colony is a colony used to detain prisoners and generally use them for penal labor in an economically underdeveloped part of the state's (usually...
		Of course, interest in the execution was not very high even in the penal colony itself.
		Download, listen and watch Penal Colony music, mp3's, song lyrics, music videos, Internet radio, live performances, concerts, and more on AOL Music.
	music.aol.com /artist/penal-colony/45215/main (166 words)

	IN THE PENAL COLONY
		He has been invited by the New Commander of the Penal Colony, who has begun to question the method of punishment still in place from the former Commander's regime.
		The literary antecedents of In the Penal Colony have been persuasively traced to Le Jandin des Supplices, a rather lurid 1899 novel by the French playwright Octave Mirbeau that combines a sado-anarchist assault on bourgeois morals with explicit sexual imagery.
		KG This is the third adaptation of "In the Penal Colony" for the stage.
	www.courttheatre.org /home/plays/0001/penal/PNpenal.shtml (8757 words)

	thepenalcolony.com: thee official penal colony website
		I got a chance to hang out with him and the rest of the band when they came into town, and it was awesome.
		Speck has written a review of the record, and it's looking like there is about a 95% percent chance it's going to be turning up in the Summer issue of IN, along with reviews of some other DSBP stuff, so once again, keep your eyes peeled for it.
		Sad as it may or may not seem, this is the first official Penal Colony site ever created.
	www.thepenalcolony.com (2542 words)

	The Kafka Project
		A short article by Michael Segedy about In the Penal Colony: «Paradigm Shift in Kafka's In the Penal Colony»
		The presentation of a new movie from «In the Penal Colony» by Sibel Guvenc.
		A new translation into Italian of «In the Penal Colony» («Nella colonia penale»);
	www.kafka.org (807 words)

	Medical Center in Federal Penal Service Prison Colony No.1
		Convicts from several different colonies were taken to this hospital including those from penal institutions for minors.
		First of all, says the foundation’s director, the colony made an unexpectedly good impression on her with its cleanness and order.
		However, the colony officials were “happy to see their patient walk out of the gates and head home taking his mother by the hand,” Sergei Alexandrovich told us by phone.
	en.pomogi.org /success/koloniya_ik1 (357 words)

	Lyrics - penal colony All songs, words of songs FREE, At lyrics and songs - : Lyrics And Songs
		Info: penal colony Lyrics (found 23 penal colony song Lyrics in 1 Albums).
		We still have a copy of the alphabetically ordered penal colony lyrics page for you.
		Lyrics of the songs from the album UNKNOWN By penal colony
	www.lyricsandsongs.com /lyrics/PENAL_COLONY.html (163 words)

	penal - Definitions from Dictionary.com
		used as a place of confinement and punishment: a penal colony.
		payable or forfeitable as a penalty: a penal sum.
		Serving as or constituting a means or place of punishment: penal servitude; a penal colony.
	dictionary.reference.com /browse/penal (275 words)

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