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Topic: Pencil lead

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	Mechanical pencil with lead-feeding device operable by forward shake of pencil - Patent 4205924
		This invention relates generally to mechanical pencils and more particularly to a mechanical pencil which operates, each time it is subjected to a forward shake in the axial direction of the barrel or holder, to feed or project a pencil lead by a specific distance out through the writing end of the pencil.
		In a known mechanical pencil, furthermore, the wedge-shaped part of a chuck for clamping the lead is pressed into a tightening ring by the elastic force of a front spring and is thereby forced by the wedge action to clamp and hold a piece of lead.
		A chuck 15 for releasably holding the pencil lead L comprises a tubular part 15A and a wedge-shaped head part 15B for chucking the lead L. The rear end of the tubular part 15A is fixedly secured to the connector 12.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4205924.html (4074 words)

	Straight Dope Staff Report: How come you see #2 pencils but no #1 pencils?
		At first all graphite pencil leads were made from native graphite (graphite as it comes out of the ground), cut into long thin pieces.
		These pencils weren't cheap, so sometimes substitutes were made with low-quality graphite from other regions, ground into a powder, mixed with a binder such as molten sulfur or glue, and allowed to harden.
		Lead and alloys of lead with tin, bismuth, antimony or other metals were used for writing in earlier eras, and graphite can be seen as a modern substitute, though much superior to the original.
	www.straightdope.com /mailbag/mpencillead.html (1364 words)

	C&EN: WHAT'S THAT STUFF? - PENCILS & PENCIL LEAD
		Pencils are made by cutting blocks of wood into slats that are machined to form a groove (two to nine per slat) to place the leads.
		The pencils are next painted with five to eight coats of paint, and a recess is cut for the ferrule--the metal ring that holds the eraser.
		The hardness of the lead is indicated by a number (1 to 4) stamped on the side of most pencils--the higher the number, the harder the lead.
	www.pubs.acs.org /cen/whatstuff/stuff/7942sci4.html (1103 words)

	PenHero.com - PenGallery - Parker Liquid Lead Pencil
		The Liquid Lead Pencil concept was as simple as combining ballpoint technology that Parker had mastered with the Jotter with a new "liquid lead-pencil graphite" paste in the refill.
		The "pencil", as with the ballpoints in the line, was capless, and made in the design of a standard wooden pencil.
		These "pencils" are often found in Waterman sets from the mid 1950s, and all of the ones I've personally seen have been ballpoint and "pencil" sets, and most of those in a "gentleman's" set with cufflinks and other accessories.
	www.penhero.com /PenGallery/Parker/ParkerLiquidLeadPencil.htm (2014 words)

	History of the Pencil
		Pencils may also have an eraser or "rubber" attached to one end.
		Many pencils, particularly those used by artists, are labelled on the European system using a scale from "H" (for hardness) to "B" (for flness), as well as "F" (for fine point).
		This led to the old-wife's tale that the lead bits could be passed through the blood vessels into the brain, causing retardation in those with such a wound.
	www.edinformatics.com /inventions_inventors/pencil.htm (1061 words)

	Pencils
		Before a market for mechanical pencil sharpeners could be developed, it was necessary not only that a substantial number of pencils were is use but also that these pencils could be sharpened by a machine.
		The easiest pencil to sharpen with a machine is one with a round or hexagonal wood case that has a round lead that is centered in the case.
		The pencils made by Benjamin Ball in the mid-19th century had square leads that were typically off-center and the wood cases were somewhat out-of-round, as the photo to the right reveals.
	www.officemuseum.com /pencil_history.htm (1911 words)

	Lead (graphite) from a pencil
		Pencil lead is not lead but graphite (carbon), which is less worrisome.
		Lead that is in a fleshy area, such as the buttocks, may be left in place.
		Pencil lead in the hand may need to be removed by a health professional.
	www.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/not46460.asp (121 words)

	Polymer clay pencils
		These pencils are made entirely of polymer clay apart from the pencil lead and can be sharpened like any ordinary pencil.
		Pencil lead for a clutch pencil - these are available from art supply shops.
		Lay this on your work surface and pierce it with the pencil lead, straight down the centre, as though it was a large bead.
	www.bpcg.org.uk /tutorials/pencils.htm (438 words)

	Kubert's World Forums - Pencil Lead
		Like Billy T said, an HB is like your regular no.2 pencil An H is a little lighter and the bigger the number next to the H the harder the pencil and the lighter the lines, to Hard and to much pressure on the pencil can result in indentations.
		The H lead allows their lines to be very tight and makes it easier for the inker since ink seems to only settle on the surface with a B lead and can accidental be earaced off with the pencil lines.
		A fine arts graphite artist is more likely to use an HB for the outline/contour of a drawing, a 2b for shading, and then a 6b for dark shading since, because B pencils tend to smudge,, they use it to their advantage to blend in extremely realistic shadows.
	www.kubertsworld.com /Forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=1294 (453 words)

	Pencil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pencils are distinct from pens, which use a liquid marking material, ink.
		Pencils graded with different schemes were used to expand the range of grades, such as 'BB' and 'BBB' for successively softer leads, and 'HH' and 'HHH' for successively harder leads between the early 19th century and beginning of the 20th century.
		Due to this common usage, the pencil is a common cause of minor puncture injuries in young children.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pencil_lead (1988 words)

	Everything you Ever Wanted to Know About Pencil Lead (well, almost) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The center of the pencil -- known as the writing core -- is made of a nontoxic mineral called graphite.
		With this high-quality material for its writing cores, the Thoreau pencil company came to be known as the maker of the finest pencils in America.
		Pencils using Asian graphite were painted yellow as an indication of the source of the superior material in the writing core.
	www.pencils.com /unlead.html (468 words)

	Howstuffworks "How do they get lead in a wooden pencil?"
		This might lead you to believe that pencil-makers bore a hole straight down the middle of the wood and then slide in a rod of lead.
		Before discussing how the lead is put into the wood casing, let's clear up what the actual lead is. Pencil lead is not lead at all; it's a combination of finely ground graphite and clay, mixed with water and pressed together at high temperatures into thin rods.
		According to the Cumberland Pencil Museum, in the mid-16th century, a violent storm knocked over several trees in Borrowdale, England, uncovering a large deposit of a fl substance that was first thought to be lead.
	science.howstuffworks.com /question465.htm (656 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The pencil was first documented in 1565 by Conrad Gesner, and its invention is sometimes attributed to him, though this is unlikely.
		The 'lead' in lead pencils is actually graphite, which is a form of carbon and is non-poisonous.
		A carpenter pencil is usually a large, flattened pencil used by carpenters.
	www.pencilpages.com /misc/faq.htm (385 words)

	What's in a Lead Pencil?
		But lead ceased to be a writing implement in 1564, when pure graphite was discovered at Borrowdale in the North of England and the modern pencil was born.
		The `lead’ is made by mixing together fine graphite and clay and then firing it in sticks in a kiln.
		The mix is fed into a cylinder and forced through a hole at one end, emerging as a continuous length the diameter of pencil lead.
	www.lead.org.au /lanv4n3/lanv4n3-11.html (499 words)

	Pencil Leads
		Leads come in a variety of different degrees, also known as hardness which determines how dark or light they write.
		Faber Castell pencil leads, 0.9mm, 2.75 inches long, B soft in a translucent dark green plastic tube.
		Most mechanical pencils made before the late 1960s and some even after that are refilled by feeding lead in from the Point End.
	www.pendemonium.com /ink_leads.htm (1317 words)

	Halfbakery: Screw Pencil
		During the manufacturing process the pencil lead is threaded, as is the bore of the wooden pencil casing.
		The replacement lead is slightly longer than the pencil casing and is manually screwed into the opposite end of the pencil as the twistable tip.
		The threading of the lead means that the line it draws will be horribly inconsistent and quite uncomfortable to use, and also dependent upon the way you happen to pick the pencil up to use it.
	www.halfbakery.com /idea/Screw_20Pencil (709 words)

	Read, I, Pencil: Library of Economics and Liberty
		Once in the pencil factory—$4,000,000 in machinery and building, all capital accumulated by thrifty and saving parents of mine—each slat is given eight grooves by a complex machine, after which another machine lays leads in every other slat, applies glue, and places another slat atop—a lead sandwich, so to speak.
		To increase their strength and smoothness the leads are then treated with a hot mixture which includes candelilla wax from Mexico, paraffin wax, and hydrogenated natural fats.
		I, Pencil, seemingly simple though I am, offer the miracle of my creation as testimony that this is a practical faith, as practical as the sun, the rain, a cedar tree, the good earth.
	www.econlib.org /library/Essays/rdPncl1.html (2794 words)

	Pencil Grades
		Today pencils are numbered and/or lettered to tell us how hard the lead is. The higher the number, the harder the lead, and the lighter the markings.
		The earliest pencils were made simply from filling a wood shaft with raw graphite.
		The No. 2 / HB grade pencil is the middle grade and is the most commonly used pencil for generic use.
	www.thealmightyguru.com /Pointless/PencilGrades.html (467 words)

	Invention of the Pencil - EnchantedLearning.com
		They were called lead pencils by mistake - at the time, the newly-discovered graphite was called fl lead or "plumbago," from the Latin word for lead ore - it looked and acted like lead, and it was not known at the time that graphite consisted of carbon and not lead.
		Before themid-1500s, "pencils" consisted of a thin rod composed of soft lead, and were used mostly by artists.
		The word pencil comes from the Latin word "penicillus," which means "little tail" - the name of the tiny brush that ancient Romans used as a writing instrument.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /inventors/page/p/pencil.shtml (341 words)

	C&EN: WHAT'S THAT STUFF? - PENCILS & PENCIL LEAD
		Most adults probably realize that there isn't any elemental lead in a pencil.
		Both graphite and lead leave a gray mark on paper, although graphite is a bit darker.
		Because graphite is softer and more brittle than lead, it requires a holder when carved into pencil-shaped sticks for writing.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/whatstuff/stuff/7942sci4.html (1103 words)

	History of the pencil 1
		This all began with a simple question in drawing class about pencil lead: "If "H" means "hard," what does "B" mean?" Fortunately we have at least one curious student (I'm sure there are several more who were working on it) who found the answer.
		First, let's start with the initial question: "If 'H' means 'hard," then what does 'B' mean?" Typing "H and B pencil lead" into the Google search box results in several sources; we'll choose the one that looks most promising, http://pubs.acs.org/cen/whatstuff/stuff/7942sci4.html.
		Pencils have clay in them--colored pencils have white clay in them--kaolin (see http://www.crazycolour.com/os/writing_12.shtml).
	www.spsu.edu /htc/bseabolt/3903/pencillateral.html (565 words)

	Re: Pencil lead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Pencil lead comes from graphite, a carbon-based compound similar to charcoal.
		Elemental lead is toxic to humans and is no longer used as the 'lead' in pencils.
		Granite is a kind of rock, very hard, far too hard to be used as pencil lead.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/dec96/841327967.Ch.r.html (104 words)

	Leadholder.com: Drawing Lead: Venus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This is VENUS lead, the same lead that is used in VENUS Pencils.
		They're smoother because leads are homogenized by the patented Colloidol process* — crisp drawings for the artist — non-smear tracings for the draftsman.
		My favorite example of this is the Berol Turquoise 10 which was renamed the Sanford Turquoise 02022 when the latter company aquired the former.
	www.leadholder.com /lead_venus.html (240 words)

	Pencil Lead
		Pentel Ain Hi-Polymer B Pencil Lead - 0.3mm
		Pentel Ain Hi-Polymer B Pencil Lead - 0.5mm
		Pentel Ain Hi-Polymer B Pencil Lead - 0.7mm
	www.jetpens.com /index.php/cPath/99 (170 words)

	Bic Mechanical Pencil Lead Refills - Shoplet.com
		Bic Mechanical Pencil Lead Refills in Mechanical Pencils (73)
		Bic Mechanical Pencil Lead Refills in Papermate Mechanical Pencils (1)
		Bic Mechanical Pencil Lead Refills in Pentel Mechanical Pencils (5)
	www.shoplet.com /bic-mechanical-pencil-lead-refills/search.html (930 words)

	Pencil Revolution
		Generator brushes are made from highly pure graphite (over 97 percent), and are crushed to form graphite particles.
		Generator brushes transmit electricity to rotating shafts and must be replaced on a regular basis because they get worn out from friction with the rotating shafts.
		Discarded brushes used to be disposed of as industrial waste in landfill.Having examined the cost and effectiveness of recycling generator brushes, TEPCO decided to recycle the brushes into mechanical pencil leads in collaboration with Tombow.
	www.pencilrevolution.com /2005/10/pencil-lead-from-generator-brushes (246 words)

	3D max pencil pen lead
		I modelled it after an old chewed on pencil I found in my desk.
		It has visible teeth marks, scratches, even crayon on it ;) There is great detail on the eraser end of the pencil, and the lead appears used.
		All of the materials and maps are included in the zip file.
	www.turbosquid.com /FullPreview/Index.cfm/ID/141353 (176 words)

	Pencil Lead - Products for Pencil Lead - Manufacturers,Exporters,Suppliers,Traders,Companies,Factories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		We are supplying fl pencil lead of hb, b-8b, H-6b and color pe
		We can offer wood lead pencils and color pencils in different siz
		Features: 1) Retractable mechanical pencils 2) Lead size: 0.5, 0.
	www.alibaba.com /productsearch/Pencil_Lead.html (604 words)

	Pencil Lead Sculptor \| MetaFilter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		November 15, 2002 1:25 PM Amazing Pencil Lead Sculptor Dante Ghetti carves intricate, tiny sculptures out of the lead of draftsman's pencils, using the pencil stub as the mount for the finished piece; amazing.
		I've been carving tiny sculptures onto the ends of pencils for nearly thirty years now, but I only carve ice cream cones and teepees, so no one's ever noticed.
		It's something that I never would have found on my own unless I googled for miniature carvings in the lead of draftsmen's pencils.
	www.metafilter.com /comments.mefi/21646 (715 words)

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