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Topic: Penda of Mercia

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	Penda of Mercia - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Penda was the son of Pybba and, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, became king in 626.
		Whatever the case, Penda and Cadwallon were certainly allied and fought against the Northumbrians, and on October 12, 632 (or 633), they defeated the Northumbrians at Hatfield Chase and killed their king, Edwin, along with his son Osfrith.
		The pagan Penda had the Christian Oswald's body mutilated, and Oswald was thereafter revered as a martyr; the site of the battle became known as Oswestry, or "Oswald's Tree", because Penda had hung his remains from a tree.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Penda (928 words)

	Penda of Mercia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Penda was a son of Pybba and said to be a descendant of Icel, with a lineage purportedly extending back to Woden.
		Penda was Pybba's offspring, Pybba was Cryda's offspring, Cryda Cynewald's offspring, Cynewald Cnebba's offspring, Cnebba Icel's offspring, Icel Eomer's offspring, Eomer Angeltheow's offspring, Angeltheow Offa's offspring, Offa Wermund's offspring, Wermund Wihtlaeg's offspring, Wihtlaeg Woden's offspring.
		Penda's early, successful participation in the war against the Northumbrians may have elevated his status among the Mercians and enabled him to become king, and he may have withdrawn from the war prior to Heavenfield in order to secure or consolidate his position in Mercia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Penda_of_Mercia (4505 words)

	Penda of Mercia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle he was eighty years old at his death, but the energy of his administration and the evidence with regard to the ages of his children and relatives render it almost impossible.
		In 633 Penda and Ceadwalla overthrew Edwin at Hatfield Chase; but after the defeat of the Welsh king at Oswald at "Hefenfeith" in 644, Mercia seems to have been for a time subject to Northumbria.
		In the reign of Penda the districts corresponding to Cheshire, Shropshire and Herefordshire were probably acquired, and he established his son Peada as a dependent prince in Middle Anglia.
	www.theezine.net /p/penda-of-mercia.html (293 words)

	Penda, King of Mercia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Penda succeeded his father to the Mercian throne.
		In 633, Penda and Cadwalla defeated and killed King Edwin of Northumbria on Hatfield moor, and Penda went on to ravage Northumbria.
		In 655, Penda was slain and was succeeded by his son Peada.
	www.ghg.net /shetler/oldimp/291.html (75 words)

	Bambooweb: Penda
		Penda was the son of Pybba and probably came to the throne in 626.
		His age at this time is a matter of some dispute: according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, he was 80 years old at the time of his death (and therefore about 50 upon coming to power), but the evidence with regard to the ages of his children and relatives makes this seem implausible.
		Finally, in 655, Penda invaded Northumbria with a huge army, reported to have been thirty legions strong, which included several of his client kings and allies, such as Cadfael ap Cynfeddw of Gwynedd and Aethelhere of East Anglia.
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/p/e/Penda.html (750 words)

	Mercia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Mercia''', sometimes spelled '''Mierce, was one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-SaxonsAnglo-Saxon heptarchy, in what is now England, in the region of the Midlands, with its heart in the valley of the River Trent and its tributary streams.
		Penda was succeeded first by his son Peada, but in the spring of 656 Oswiu assumed control of the whole of Mercia after Peada's murder.
		The Danes drove Burgred, the last king of Mercia from his kingdom in 874 and in 886, the eastern part of the kingdom became part of the Danelaw, while the western portion was occupied by Wessex.
	www.infothis.com /find/Mercia (1252 words)

	All words on Penda of Mercia
		Penda was the son of the earlier king Pybba, and thus said to be a descendant of Icel, with a lineage purportedly extending back to Woden.
		Penda's brother Eowa was also said by the Historia Brittonum and the Annales Cambriae to have been a king of the Mercians at the time of Maserfield.
		According to Bede, Penda had Oswald's body dismembered, with his head, hands and arms being placed onto stakes; Oswald was thereafter popularly revered as a saint, with his death in battle as a Christian king against pagans leading him to be regarded as a martyr.
	www.allwords.org /pe/penda-of-mercia.html (3669 words)

	Mercia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Mercia was one of the kingdoms of the Heptarchy, in what is now England, in the region of the Midlands.
		Penda was succeeded first by his son Peada, but in the spring of 656 Oswiu king of Northumbria assumed control of the whole of Mercia.
		A revolt in 657 resulted with the appearance of another son of Penda, Wulfhere[?], who ruled Mercia until he was defeated and killed in an invasion of Northumbria in 674.
	www.websign.sk /me/Mercia.html (464 words)

	Battle of Maserfield (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The battle of Maserfield (or Maserfeld) was fought August 5, 642, between the Anglo-Saxon kings Oswald of Bernicia and Penda of Mercia, ending in Oswald's defeat, death, and dismemberment.
		Since the death of Oswald's uncle Edwin of Northumbria at Hatfield Chase in 633, Mercia under Penda had been dominant in the north of England.
		Penda being pagan and Oswald Christian, this made Oswald a martyr, and Bede reports many miracles attributed to the various body parts revered as relics.
	1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/b/ba/battle_of_maserfield.html (195 words)

	Penda of Mercia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Penda was a son of Pybba of MerciaPybba and said to be a descendant of Icel, with a lineage purportedly extending back to OdinWoden.
		:Penda was Pybba's offspring, Pybba was Creoda of MerciaCryda's offspring, Cryda Cynewald's offspring, Cynewald Cnebba/'s offspring, Cnebba Icel's offspring, Icel Eomer's offspring, Eomer Angeltheow's offspring, Angeltheow Offa's offspring, Offa Wermund's offspring, Wermund Wihtaeg's offspring, Wihtlaeg Woden's offspring.
		Penda also enjoyed the support of Aethelwald of DeiraAethelwald/, the king of Deira and the successor of Oswine, who had been murdered on Oswiu's orders in 651; Bede says Aethelwald acted as Penda's guide during his invasion.
	www.infothis.com /find/Penda_of_Mercia (2149 words)

	EBK: Penda, King of Mercia
		Mercia was peaceful for the next seven years, but, in AD 642, the storm clouds gathered once more.
		Penda took the cash but distributed it amongst his Welsh allies who considered it restitution of their own property since it had been taken from the British of Gododdin in the first place.
		Penda remained a Pagan throughout his life but, by his wife, Cunewise, he fathered a large family who all became Christian: Peada, King of Middle Anglia; Wulfhere and Aethelred, eventually Kings of Mercia; Merewalh, King of Magonset; St.
	www.earlybritishkingdoms.com /adversaries/bios/penda.html (977 words)

	PENDA - LoveToKnow Article on PENDA
		In 633 Penda and Ceadwalla oveithrew Edwin at Hatfield Chase; but after the defeat of the Welsh king at Oswald at Hefenfeith in 6~l4, Mercia seems to have been for a time subject to Northumbria.
		In 654 or 655 he invaded Northumbria in spite of the attempts of Oswio to buy him off, and was defeated and slain on the banks of the Winwaed.
		Although a pagan, he allowed his daughter Cyneburg to marry Alchfrith, the son of Oswio, and it was in his reign that Christianity was introduced into Middle Anglia by his son Peada.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PE/PENDA.htm (280 words)

	History of King Penda of Mercia
		Penda was raised a pagan Saxon chieftain, who ruled from Tamworth, about 20 miles north of Birmingham in middle of England.
		642~Oswald of Northumbria is slain by Penda of Mercia at Maserfield/ Maes Cocboy/ Bellum Cocboy (Oswestry) and was buried at Bardney.
		Penda had been betrayed when the Gwynedd Welsh under Cadafael ap Cynfedw withdraw on the eve of the battle.
	www.pendamoot.co.uk /penda.html (591 words)

	Penda of Mercia - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The possibility certainly exists that Penda and Eowa ruled jointly during the 630s and early 640s, and joint kingships were not uncommon among Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of the period.
		Penda defeated the Northumbrians at the battle of Maserfield, which was fought near the lands of the Welsh, and Oswald was killed.
		Mercia thus enjoyed a greatly enhanced position of strength relative to the surrounding kingdoms, and Frank Stenton wrote that the battle left Penda as "the most formidable king in England".
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Penda_of_Mercia (4377 words)

	penda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 642 Penda slew Oswald at a place called Maserfeld.
		He was continually raiding Northumbria and once almost succeeded in reducing Bamborough.
		He drove Cenwalh of Wessex, who had divorced Penda's sister, from his throne.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Penda.html (323 words)

	Cearl of Mercia . Mercia . 7th century . Bede . Northumbria . Penda of Mercia . Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum ...
		Mercia: The Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Central England 2001.
		: Main article: Battle of Maserfield On August 5, 642, Penda defeated the Northumbrians at the battle of Maserfield, which was fought near the lands of the Welsh, and Oswald was killed.
		Surviving Welsh poetry suggests that Penda fought in alliance with the men of Kingdom of Powys Powys—apparently he was consistently allied with some of the Welsh—perhaps including Cynddylan ap Cyndrwyn.
	www.uk.knowledge-info.org /Cearl_of_Mercia-UK-0848008-em (697 words)

	Battle of the Winwaed - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Battle of the Winwaed was fought on November 15, 655 (or perhaps in 654, according to one interpretation of the chronology), between King Penda of Mercia and Oswiu of Bernicia, ending in the Mercians' defeat and Penda's death.
		According to the Historia Brittonum, Penda's ally Cadfael ap Cynfeddw of Gwynedd (thereafter remembered as "battle-shirker") abandoned him, along with his army, and Bede says that Aethelwald of Deira withdrew from the battle to await the outcome from a place of safety.
		Penda was soundly defeated, and both he and the East Anglian king Aethelhere were killed.
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Battle_of_Winwaed (448 words)

	List of monarchs of Mercia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first dynasty of the Mercians was called Iclingas after Icel, father of Cynewald, grandfather of Cnebba, and great-grandfather of Creoda of Mercia.
		As ealdorman of Anglo-Saxon West Mercia under the King of Wessex
		Claimed throne in 2005, not recognised by UN King of Mercia
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Mercia (261 words)

	A History of Mercia
		Mercia was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom founded by some of the Germanic tribe of the Angles (in their own tongue Engles) based in the Midlands of what is now England sometime in the 6th century.
		Penda's victory at Cirencester in 628 CE documented in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the earliest recorded action of one who may have been the greatest Mercian king ever.
		Penda's next appearance in history is at the battle of Maserfield on August 5, 642 CE against Oswald according to both the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and Bede.
	www.ealdriht.org /mercianhistory.html (7451 words)

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