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Topic: Penicillium notatum

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Camembert cheese

	Penicillium Species (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Penicillium marneffei is a pathogenic fungus and specifically infects patients with AIDS who live at or visit Southeast Asia (Thailand and adjacent countries, Taiwan, and India) where the fungus is endemic [564, 2113, 2199].
		Penicillium marneffei infection, so called penicilliosis marneffei, is acquired via inhalation and results in initial pulmonary infection, followed by fungemia and dissemination of the infection [430, 802, 1925, 2113].
		Penicillium marneffei is easily induced to produce the arthroconidial yeast-like state by subculturing the organism to an enriched medium like BHI and incubating at 35°C, in which after a week, yeast-like structures dividing by fission and hyphae with arthroconidia are formed [530, 1294, 2143, 2201].
	www.doctorfungus.org.cob-web.org:8888 /thefungi/Penicillium.htm (1168 words)

	Building Specs
		Penicillium is reported to be allergenic (skin) and it may cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis and allergic alveolitis in susceptible individuals.
		Penicillium chrysogenum - This species, formerly known as Penicillium notatum, was one of the first known producers of penicillin.
		Penicillium chrysogenum is often found growing as a dark green colony and can produce the mycotoxins roquefortine C, chrysogine, and meleagrin.
	www.buildingspecs.com /articles_penicillium.asp (302 words)

	Penicillium notatum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Penicillium notatum, also known as Penicillium chrysogenum, is a mold commonly found in most homes and a basis of Beta-lactam antibiotics.
		Penicillium is known as the blue-green mold on bread, fruits, and nuts.
		Penicillium grows at its peak during the spring and winter, but the mold has no seasonal variation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Penicillium_notatum (114 words)

	Penicillium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Penicillium, commonly known as "bread mold", is a genus of fungus that includes:
		Penicillium candida, which is used in making Brie and Camembert cheese, also see Candida.
		Penicillium marneffei, a thermally dimorphic species endemic in Southeast Asia, which presents a threat of systemic infection to AIDS patients.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Penicillium (116 words)

	Penicillium
		Penicillium is a fungus, and is the most abundant mold source in soil.
		Penicillium that is more than two-weeks old is bluish in color.
		Penicillium is a cryophilic fungi, which means it likes the cold, growing best at 34 degrees (the temperature of a refrigerator).
	www.cmsynergy.com /Mold/penicillium.htm (224 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Cheese Course
		Penicillium (not penicillin) is the genus name of the mold that produces it.
		The Penicillium molds used in cheese making do not generate penicillin, so they pose no problem for anyone who is allergic to the drug.
		The Molds Several different Penicillium species are used in making cheese, either by injecting the mold culture into the cheese (interior mold-ripened cheese) or by coating the cheese rounds with the mold (surface-ripened cheeses).
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A8353-2004Aug17?language=printer (866 words)

	LabSpec - Moulds and Yeasts
		Penicillium notatum is very widely distributed in soils, occurring in the temperate zones in forests, grasslands and arable soils with comparable frequencies.
		Indoors, Penicillium is the blue-green mold found on stale bread, fruits and nuts and used for production of green and blue mold cheese.
		Penicillium has long been recognized as one of the molds most often producing positive skin test reactions in allergic individuals (Howard in 3) but it has not been characterized and little is known about the allergen composition.
	www.labspec.co.za /l_mould.htm (3115 words)

	Conidiation in Penicillium cyclopium Is Induced by Conidiogenone, an Endogenous Diterpene -- Roncal et al. 1 (5): 823 ...
		Conidiation in Penicillium cyclopium Is Induced by Conidiogenone, an Endogenous Diterpene
		The filamentous fungus Penicillium cyclopium conidiates in the
		Morton, A. The induction of sporulation in mould fungi.
	ec.asm.org /cgi/content/full/1/5/823 (3898 words)

	Penicillium chrysogenum (aka P. notatum), the natural source for the wonder drug penicillin, the first antibiotic. Tom ...
		Penicillium chrysogenum (aka P. notatum), the natural source for the wonder drug penicillin, the first antibiotic.
		Penicillium chrysogenum (also known as Penicillium notatum) is the source for penicillin, the first antibiotic.
		Penicillium is a member of the deuteromycetes, fungi with no known sexual state.
	botit.botany.wisc.edu /toms_fungi/nov2003.html (2338 words)

	Penicillium - Wikipédia (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		O Penicillium é um género de fungos, o comum bolor do pão, que cresce em matéria orgânica morta, como queijo, cereais ou fruta.
		Penicillium candida usado para fazer queijos Brie e Camembert
		Penicillium camemberti usado para fazer queijos Brie e Camembert
	pt.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Penicillium (286 words)

	JAIC 1992, Volume 31, Number 2, Article 1 (pp. 147 to 160) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Unfortunately, it is not possible to examine the effects of humidity (probably the single most important factor affecting fungal growth) using our growth procedure; fungi are grown in covered Petri dishes, containing agar, where the humidity is expected to be very high (nearly 100% RH while the agar is wet).
		Penicillium notatum produces a yellow-green stain on paper under our growth conditions consistent with the yellow compounds secreted by this species (Rothe 1950; Wolf and Wolf 1947).
		notatum, which are probably responsible for some of staining by this fungus (Rothe 1950; Wolf and Wolf 1947).
	aic.stanford.edu /jaic/articles/jaic31-02-001.html (4376 words)

	Penicillin and other antibiotics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Fleming had devoted much of his career to finding methods for treating wound infections, and immediately recognised the importance of a fungal metabolite that might be used to control bacteria.
		This shows an 'overlay plate', in which a central colony of the fungus Penicillium notatum was allowed to grow on agar for 5-6 days, then the plate was overlaid with a thin film of molten agar containing cells of the yellow bacterium, Micrococcus luteus.
		Apart from penicillin, the most important antibiotics from fungi are the cephalosporins (beta-lactams with similar mode of action to penicillin, but with less allergenicity) and griseofulvin (from Penicillium griseofulvum and related species) which is used to treat althlete's foot and related fungal infections of the skin.
	helios.bto.ed.ac.uk /bto/microbes/penicill.htm (2125 words)

	Penicillium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The name Penicillium comes from penicillus = brush, and this is based on the brush-like appearance of the fruiting structures (click here) under the microscope.
		Penicillium is a versatile, opportunistic fungus with an arsenal of useful enzymes
		While it is growing in the feed, the fungus can produce dangerous toxins (mycotoxins) in the cereal residues than can cause serious deleterious effects in animals consuming contaminated feed.
	www.uoguelph.ca /~gbarron/MISCELLANEOUS/penicill.htm (433 words)

	Types of Penicillium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		There are over 200 species of Penicillium widely distributed over a variety of environments.
		A Penicillium marneffei infection is acquired via inhalation and results in initial pulmonary infection, followed by fungemia and dissemination of the infection.
		A species of native soil fungus which can be used as a plant growth promoting organism because the organic acids which are excreted can solubilize soil bound phosphate.
	www.humboldt.edu /~jmy3/Portfolio/types.htm (168 words)

	Specialty Laboratories ::: we help doctors help patients
		A completely automated method for the direct identification of pure Penicillium species solely by means of digital image analysis of colonies as seen after growth on a standard medium is described.
		Yuen K-Y, Wong SS-Y, Tsang DN-C, Chau P-Y. Serodiagnosis of Penicillium marneffei infection.
		The prevalence of IgE antibody reactivity against the alkaline serine protease major allergen of Penicillium chrysogenum increases with the age of asthmatic patients.
	www.specialtylabs.com /books/display.asp?id=417 (919 words)

	WHAT IS FUNGI? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Fungi are even used for medical purposes, such as species within the penicillium genus which provide antibiotics, e.g.
		Penicillium notatum is a species of fungus that was used as the original source of the antibiotic penicillin.
		Species within the genus Penicillium produce flavours for blue and white cheeses, such as Gorgonzola.
	www.geocities.com /rainforest/andes/8046/whatis.html (127 words)

	Notes from Underground - Summer 2000, David Rose, COMA
		Developing a practical method of growing Penicillium in a “submerged culture” was thus a second approach to the overall problem.
		The Fleming strain of P. notatum worked, but it was the only one known at the time, and it simply didn’t produce the vast quantity of antibiotic needed.
		The mold from this piece of fruit, identified by the lab as “NRRL 1951,” was a strain of Penicillium chrysogenum, which, when later subjected to x-ray and ultraviolet radiation tests, produced mutant strains that dramatically increased yields of penicillin.
	www.mushroomthejournal.com /coma/nfusum00.html (1209 words)

	Alexander Fleming presented in Medicine section
		Penicillin is one of the earliest discovered and widely used antibiotic agents, derived from the Penicillium mold.
		In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming observed that colonies of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus could be destroyed by the mold Penicillium notatum.
		In a scientific tour de force, Florey, Chain and their colleagues rapidly purified penicillin in sufficient quantity to perform the experiment that Fleming could not: successfully treating mice that had been given lethal doses of bacteria.
	www.newsfinder.org /comments.php?id=745_0_1_0_M (1244 words)

	What did corn and cantaloupe have to do with penicillin? - Plants that Changed History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Penicillium notatum is not an efficient penicillin producer.
		Of all the testing done on all the samples, the Penicillium they needed was found on a rotten cantaloupe from a market in Peoria.
		Penicillium chrysogenum has been mutated to a more efficient variety; the penicillin molecule is altered to cause fewer allergic reactions and side-effects.
	www.killerplants.com /plants-that-changed-history/20030729.asp (890 words)

	MicrobeLibrary
		Identification was done through visual inspection of morphology and confirmed by partial DNA sequence analysis of the ribosomal RNA gene.
		The figure can be used to illustrate the fine structure of the asexual cycle of Penicillium and to aid in the identification of unknown isolates.
		Fleming, A. On the antibacterial action of cultures of a Penicillium, with special reference to their use in the isolation of B.
	www.microbelibrary.org /ASMOnly/details.asp?id=1981 (302 words)

	BioForum 5 - Girard 10
		All these dark areas are where those spores are produced because the reproductive bodies (spores) extend off the agar surface where there is increased oxygen tension.
		This Penicillium, by the way, is a relative to Penicillium notatum that produces penicillin, the active antibiotic.
		When you grow Penicillium to produce penicillin, our major cost is pumping in sterile air.
	www.accessexcellence.org /bioforum/bf05/girard/bf05c10.html (253 words)

	The door to the world of antibiotics was first opened in 1929 when Alexander Fleming came across penicillin
		With World War II came an increased desire to discover how the fuzzy mold, Penicillium spp.
		Penicillium notatum produced a substance that prevented bacterial growth, now the question remained how to make enough of it and how to utilize these properties to effectively control infectious diseases.
		Penicillium genus have been modified in different ways to produce other penicillin derivative antibiotics.
	www.arches.uga.edu /~mayres6/royspen.htm (422 words)

	Microbe of the Month
		Alexander Fleming observed that a mold called Penicillium notatum produced a substance, later known as penicillin, that killed bacteria in its presence.
		This antibiotic was the first of many to be found and used to treat infections.
		Other varieties of Penicillium fungus give Blue cheese and Roquefort cheeses their characteristic tastes and blue color.
	commtechlab.msu.edu /sites/dlc-me/zoo/microbes/penicillium.html (136 words)

	BioResource Inc. - How Isopathic Remedies Work Article
		New groundbreaking research conducted in German laboratories strongly indicates that at least one type of fungal remedy made from Penicillium notatum has no direct effect on bacteria, nor does it work like an antibiotic.
		Instead, biochemists have postulated that the isopathic remedy Penicillium notatum interacts with immune system cells to help eliminate invading microorganisms.
		Two methods were used to test the hypothesis that the isopathic remedies Pencillium notatum, Mucor racemosus, Penicillium frequentans and Aspergillus niger might inhibit bacterial growth or even lead to bacterial death (or bacterial cell downgrade processes according to the antiquated Enderlein theory).
	www.bioresourceinc.com /articles/fungal.html (939 words)

	Doctor Fungus: Valid Species, Synonyms, & Teleomorph-Anamorph Relationships for Penicillium spp.
		Doctor Fungus: Valid Species, Synonyms, and Teleomorph-Anamorph Relationships for Penicillium spp.
		See also the detailed description page for this genus.
		notatum is an obsolete synonym of this species.
	www.doctorfungus.org /imageban/synonyms/penicillium.htm (203 words)

	Penicillin: the first miracle drug
		Antibiotics are chemicals, effective at very low concentrations, created as part of the life process of one organism, which can kill or stop the growth of a disease-causing microbe--a germ.
		In 1929, Alexander Fleming, a doctor and researcher at St. Mary's Hospital in London, England, published a paper on a chemical he called "penicillin", which he had isolated from from a mold, Penicillium notatum.
		Scientists were also determined to find another strain of Penicillium that might grow better in the huge deep fermentation tanks.
	herbarium.usu.edu /fungi/FunFacts/penicillin.htm (1309 words)

	Antibiotics
		This drug blocks the final step in the conversion of PABA to folic acid, therefore prohibiting nucleic and protein synthesis.
		Penicillin (from Penicillium chyrysogenum or Penicillium notatum) was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1929.
		By accident, he contaminated a petri dish of Staphylococcus aureus with the fungus Penicillium notatum.
	www.arches.uga.edu /~caleb/heidi.html (707 words)

	Penicillin definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Penicillin: The most famous of all antibiotics, named for the fungal mold Penicillium notatum from which it is derived.
		The name "penicillium" was taken from the Latin "penicillum" meaning "a painter's brush" because the fronds of the fungus were thought to look like a painter's brush.
		For information about the pharmacology of penicillin, see Penicillin V, See also: Penicillin history.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=15277 (203 words)

	cDNA Cloning, Biological and Immunological Characterization of the Alkaline Serine Protease Major Allergen from ...
		cDNA Cloning, Biological and Immunological Characterization of the Alkaline Serine Protease Major Allergen from Penicillium chrysogenum - Karger Publishers
		cDNA Cloning, Biological and Immunological Characterization of the Alkaline Serine Protease Major Allergen from Penicillium chrysogenum
		Background:Penicillium chrysogenum (Penicillium notatum) is a prevalent airborne Penicillium species.
	content.karger.com /ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Doi=48165 (488 words)

	EPIDEMIC \| It's a Small World: Microbes and Others
		While some fungi cause diseases, others help save lives.
		Penicillium notatum, grown on a laboratory culture dish, contaminated one of Alexander Fleming's bacterial culture plates in 1928.
		This led to the production of penicillin, an
	www.amnh.org /exhibitions/epidemic/section_04/secfour_pg_11.html (174 words)

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