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	Penn Central Transportation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The driving force behind the creation of the Penn Central was the perilous financial situations of all three railroads in the late 1960s.
		In only two years, the Penn Central declared bankruptcy on June 21, 1970 in what was then the largest corporate bankruptcy in American history.
		The Penn Central Transportation Company was incorporated April 1, 1969, and its stock was assigned to the new Penn Central Holding Company.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Penn_Central (678 words)

	Penn Central
		As in the Penn Central case, the attorney for Euclid argued that zoning was needed to preserve the character of the village.
		Penn Central attorneys made this point, saying that Euclid turned on protecting "health, safety, morals, and general welfare," while the Penn Central case was based solely on aesthetics, which are in the eyes of the beholders.
		Penn Central opened the door for downzoning such as that found in rural Oregon, where no one is allowed to build a house on their own land unless they own 160 acres and, if it is farm land, actually earn (depending on soil productivity) $40,000 to $80,000 a year farming it.
	www.ti.org /vaupdate38.html (1121 words)

	Pennsylvania Station - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pennsylvania Station (normally abbreviated Penn Station) is a label first applied by the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) to several of its grand passenger terminals.
		The station lies along the Northeast Corridor, and is served by Amtrak and New Jersey Transit, as well as PATH and the Newark City Subway (both realigned or extended to the station June 20, 1937, leading to the closure of Manhattan Transfer).
		With the 1968 merger of the PRR into Penn Central, several of the Pennsylvania Stations were renamed on June 6 to Penn Central Station.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pennsylvania_Station (543 words)

	Educate Yourself - The Collapse of Penn Central
		By 1965, the merger of the two creating Penn Central was approved by the ICC; however, it wasn't until January 15, 1968 that the move was formally approved by the U.S. Supreme Court.
		He proposed a new Penn Central Co., a holding company that was to be formed through the acquisition of Penn Central Transportation, on a one-to-one share basis, as a way of recognizing a new company.
		Penn Central wasn't the only railroad having problems, of course, and an agreement was reached for $750 million in aid, of which $300 million would go to PC.
	www.buyandhold.com /bh/en/education/history/2001/the_collapse_of_penn_central.html (1539 words)

	Penn Central Bankrupt
		The emergency actions by the directors of the Penn Central Transportation Co. followed the reversal of a promise by the Nixon administration, in the face of growing congressional opposition, for an immediate government guaranteed loan of $200 million.
		Penn Central operates 35 per cent of the nations railroad passenger service and nearly two-third in the east.
		The directors said that the court order, reportedly signed by Kraft at his home, permist Penn Central "to retain possession and continue operation of the railroad system and to conduct other normal buisness pending the appointment of trustees by the court." The trustees must be approved by the interstate commerce commission.
	www.trainweb.org /pt/pc.html (635 words)

	Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Immediately upon this designation, Penn Central, like all [p141] owners of a landmark site, was placed under an affirmative duty, backed by criminal fines and penalties, to keep "exterior portions" of the landmark "in good repair." Even more burdensome, however, were the strict limitations that were thereupon imposed on Penn Central's use of its property.
		Penn Central is prevented from further developing its property basically because too good a job was done in designing and building it.
		While Penn Central may continue to use the Terminal as it is presently designed, appellees otherwise "exercise complete dominion and control over the surface of the land," United States v.
	straylight.law.cornell.edu /supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0438_0104_ZD.html (4376 words)

	Penn Central v. City of New York
		Penn Central brought suit in state court claiming the Landmarks Law had “taken” their property without just compensation in violation of the 5
		Penn Central argues that any substantial restriction imposed by the Landmark Law must be accompanied by just compensation.
		Penn Central believes the air space above the terminal is valuable and the Landmark Law has deprived them of their “air rights”.
	home.columbus.rr.com /rstein/crp761/PennCentral.htm (414 words)

	[No title]
		Penn Central, the resultant conglomerate of a merger between the New York Central and Pennsylvania Railroads, leased Grand Central Terminal to developer UGP Properties, Inc. in 1968.
		Penn Central filed an $8 million lawsuit against the City of New York, essentially challenging the validity of the Cityâs landmarks law.
		More importantly, the Penn Central lawsuit went all the way to the United States Supreme Court, which on June 26, 1978, upheld New Yorkâs landmark law in a decision written by Justice William J. Brennan for a six-three majority.
	www.grandcentralterminal.com /pages/print.aspx?id=6FEF53B5-9F03-479D-9CEC-3BA2925C5316 (311 words)

	Getting Here by Train
		Penn Station serves Long Island Railroad (LIRR), a commuter railroad serving New York's Long Island; Amtrak, the U.S. national passenger railroad, serving many points throughout the U.S.; New Jersey Transit, a commuter line serving points in New Jersey; and PATH (Port Authority Trans Hudson), a subway line serving Manhattan and New Jersey.
		Grand Central is on New York's East Side; subway lines here include the 4, 5, 6, 7, and S (shuttle between Times Square and Grand Central).
		The Penn Station Redevelopment Project began planning in May 2001 to purchase the Parthenon-like U.S. Post Office across the street on 8th Avenue and transform it into a "new" classic station; the project is currently on hold.
	www.nycvisit.com /content/index.cfm?pagePkey=269 (828 words)

	Penn Central :: F.A.Q.
		Penn Central's logo may not be used for any commercial purpose without written permission and approval from Penn Central Corporate Communications.
		The logo may not be scanned or reproduced from any PC material not expressly supplied by Penn Central Corporate Communications for that specific purpose.
		This is based on the N scale "Penn Central Sterling Heights Subdivision" model railroad.
	www.chescweb.com /pennco/pctco/faq.html (315 words)

	FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code
		Under the Landmarks Law, the Grand Central Terminal (Terminal), which is owned by the Penn Central Transportation Co. and its affiliates (Penn Central) was designated a "landmark" and the block it occupies a "landmark site." Appellant Penn Central, though opposing the designation before the Commission, did not seek judicial review of the final designation decision.
		15 The Terminal itself is an eight-story structure which Penn Central uses as a railroad station and in which it rents space not needed for railroad purposes to a variety of commercial interests.
		Sebastian, 239 U.S. (1915), upheld a law prohibiting the claimant from continuing his otherwise lawful business of operating a brickyard in a particular physical community on the ground that the legislature had reasonably concluded that the presence of the brickyard was inconsistent with neighboring uses.
	caselaw.lp.findlaw.com /scripts/getcase.pl?navby=case&court=us&vol=438&page=104 (13388 words)

	Penn Central Railroad - Dunkirk, NY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Penn Central Railroad - Dunkirk, NY Penn Central Railroad - Dunkirk, NY The Penn Central Railroad was formed by the merger of the New York Central System with the Pennsylvania Railroad on March 1, 1968.
		At the time of the merger, the Penn Central was among the largest, if not the largest, railroad operating company in the world.
		After the merger, this was considered excess capacity, and abandoned by the Penn Central.
	www.s363.com /dkny/pc.html (317 words)

	Grand Central Terminal
		When the New York Central moved to the new Grand Central Depot in 1871, the old station at 27th Street was bought by P.T. Barnum and converted into the first Madison Square Garden.
		Grand Central Depot was inadequate from the day it was completed in 1871 until it was replaced by Grand Central Terminal in 1913.
		Penn Central withdrew their plans and Grand Central was saved and designated as a historic site.
	www.cipriani.com /cipriani/Locs/CiprianiDolci/Station/station.htm (783 words)

	Penn Central Conference The United Church of Christ, PCCUCC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Penn Central Conference The United Church of Christ, PCCUCC
		Welcome to the Penn Central Conference of the United Church of Christ.
		Penn Central Conference is made up of 229 churches in the central part of Pennsylvania from the New York border to the Maryland border.
	www.pccucc.org (402 words)

	PENN CENTRAL TRANSPORTATION CO
		Sebastian, 239 U.S. 394 (1915), upheld a law prohibiting the claimant from continuing his otherwise lawful business of operating a brickyard in a particular physical community on the ground that the legislature had reasonably concluded that the presence of the brickyard was inconsistent with neighboring uses.
		Although appellants suggest in their reply brief that the factual conclusions of the New York courts cannot be sustained unless we accept the rationale of the New York Court of Appeals, see Reply Brief for Appellants 12 n.
		The question in this case is whether the cost associated with the city of New York's desire to preserve a limited number of "landmarks" within its borders must be borne by all of its taxpayers or whether it can instead be imposed entirely on the owners of the individual properties.
	plaza.ufl.edu /edale/PENN%20CENTRAL%20TRANSPORTATION%20CO.htm (9042 words)

	PENN CENTRAL v. CITY OF NEW YORK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The landmark preservation provisions of the Administrative Code of the City of New York, as applied to Grand Central Terminal to prohibit the building of an office tower over the existing building, do not violate the due process clause of the Constitution since the plaintiff property owners are not deprived of all reasonable return.
		Plaintiffs, Penn Central Transportation Company and its affiliates, who have a fee interest in Grand Central Terminal, and UGP Properties, Inc., lessee of the development rights over the terminal, seek a declaration that the landmark preservation provisions of the Administrative Code of the City of New York, as applied to the terminal property, are unconstitutional.
		Moreover, in this case, the challenged regulation provides Penn Central with transferable above-the-surface development rights which, because they may be attached to specific parcels of property, some already owned by Penn Central or its affiliates, may be considered as part of the owner's return on the terminal property.
	hellskitchen.net /develop/penn.html (4813 words)

	Vic Penn and Central Florida Stats, Statistics, Player News, Fantasy NCAA Football News - RotoWire.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Penn was tackled on Central Florida's second play of the third quarter and separated his non-throwing shoulder.
		Central Florida is excited about the development of Penn, who threw for 3,000+ yards last year, as their quarterback.
		Penn exploited the Middle Tennessee defense by completing 20 of 35 passes for 208 yards and two touchdowns, while rushing for 122 yards and a touchdown on 11 carries.
	www.rotowire.com /cfootball/player.htm?ID=670 (209 words)

	The Wreck of the Penn Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The engrossing story of the giant Penn Central Railroad formed from the merger between the Pennsylvania and New York Central Railroads, and its short course to bankruptcy.
		On June 21, 1970 the Penn Central Transportation Company filed for bankruptcy reorganization under Section 77 of the Bankruptcy Act, a mere 872 days after the largest railroad in United States history was formed with the merger of the Pennsylvania and New York Central Railroads.
		The bankruptcy of Penn Central was the biggest business failure in United States history and led to the 1976 creation of Conrail.
	www.beardbooks.com /the_wreck_of_the_penn_central.html (1930 words)

	Penn Center St. Helena Island, South Carolina
		Penn School Trustee Board allowed the classes to remain on campus until the public school was built.
		Penn Center was the only facility in South Carolina where bi-racial groups could meet during the 50's and early 60's without being harassed.
		Penn School closed as an independent school in 1948 when the state of South Carolina began to take an active role in providing a public education for African Americans of the sea islands, incorporating Penn School's curriculum and utilizing it's facility until 1953.
	www.angelfire.com /sc/jhstevens/penncenter.html (2692 words)

	Penn Central Hauls Coal
		Much of the coal from Centre and Clearfield county strip mines was carried by the Penn Central Railroad to Eastern power plants and export piers.
		Clearfield, a former New York Central stronghold, was the home base for most of Penn Central’s motive power, operating crews, dispatching, and maintenance.
		The former Pennsylvania Railroad yard at Osceola Mills was closed in favor of Clearfield shortly after the 1968 Penn Central merger.
	www.personal.psu.edu /staff/m/x/mxb13/RRS/PennCentral.html (328 words)

	Books: The Architecture of Additions: Design and Regulation by Paul Spencer Byard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The case eventually was decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in favor of the civic groups and the city in upholding a rejection of the specific proposal, a case widely heralded as strengthening the right of cities to designate and control landmark properties.
		Had Penn Central not been bankrupt, the question of a "taking" might be the subject of a different ruling.
		The proposal was found appropriate to the district; the animated and complex tower seemed acceptable in the context of the neighborhood and of its comparably decorated towers...but not to the old building.
	www.thecityreview.com /byard.html (3418 words)

	Penn Central Railroad Online
		After the Pennsy merged with the New York Central in 1968 and changed its name to the Penn Central, the railroad, like many of its competitors, became mired in bankruptcy and financial woe.
		The station's design and the railroad’s spotty train service soon resulted in numerous headaches for commuters and neighbors as the Penn Central was transformed into Conrail in 1976 and the state reluctantly began investing dollars in passenger rail travel.
		Both New York Penn Station and Trenton are only 35 minutes away by train from Rahway, and with the growth in passenger rail in New Jersey and throughout the nation, Rahway station may return as an important regional transportation hub.
	pc.smellycat.com /docs/passenger/rahway.html (560 words)

	LexisNexis - Penn Central v. City of New York
		So the law does not interfere with what must be regarded as Penn Central's primary expectation concerning the use of the parcel.
		But he may well discover, as appellant Penn Central Transportation Co. did here, that the landmark designation imposes upon him [**2667] a substantial cost, with little or no offsetting benefit except for the honor of the designation.
		If the cost of preserving Grand Central Terminal were spread evenly across the entire population of the city of New York, the burden per person would be in cents per year -- a minor cost appellees would [*149] surely concede for the benefit accrued.
	home.columbus.rr.com /rstein/crp761/LexisNexis/PennCentral.htm (15142 words)

	Penn Central - Biocrawler definition:Penn Central - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Penn Central Transportation Company, normally called Penn Central, was an American railroad company, headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and formed by the merger on February 1, 1968 of the Pennsylvania Railroad and the New York Central Railroad; the New Haven was added to the merger at the insistence of the ICC on January 1, 1969.
		The Penn Central Corporation was a holding company for the railroad.
		Though it retained ownership of some rights of way and station properties connected with the railroads, it continued to liquidate these and eventually concentrated on the insurance business to the point that it changed its name to American Premier Underwriters, and is today controlled by Carl Lindner and his American Financial Group.
	www.biocrawler.com /biowiki/Penn_Central (612 words)

	Farm Bureau Applauds Judge's Order in Right-of-Way Case (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Much has been written about earlier developments in the Penn Central case, which was filed in 1992 on behalf of the owners of land in areas where Penn Central operated railroads that are now abandoned.
		According to the land owners' complaint in the Penn Central case, the defendants had no legal rights to much of the former railroad right-of-way land after abandonment, yet they engaged in a pattern of fraud and slander by demanding money from the land's true owners.
		The Penn Central case was mired in procedural difficulties for most of the past six years, until the landowners eventually prevailed in appeals to the Indiana Supreme Court in 1997.
	www.fb.org /news/nr/nr99/nr0203.html (755 words)

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