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Topic: Pennacook

	Who were the Pennacook Indians?
		The Pennacook were a confederation of native American peoples living on the Merrimac River Valley in south and central New Hampshire at the time of first European contact in the early Seventeenth Century.
		The Pennacook were, however, devastated by a smallpox epidemic in 1620 which dramatically reduced their numbers.
		In 1627 the Pennacook allied themselves with the Abenaki and the Mahicans against the Mohawk.
	okok.essortment.com /pennacookindian_rmrq.htm (677 words)

	Pennacook/Merrimac/St. Francois Indians
		Most of the Pennacook remained neutral in King Philip's war (1675), but when 200 of them were treacherously seized (1676), the remainder fled to Canada and to the West; the survivors of the western group settled with the Mahican.
		By far the largest was the Pennacook, the name given both to the tribe centered in the Merrimack River Valley near the present site of Concord and to a larger association consisting of the central tribe and several smaller bands stretching north and south in the Merrimack Valley.
		Pennacook (Penicoke, Penikook) comes from the Abenaki word "penakuk" meaning " at the bottom of the hill." They were also called Merrimac (Merrimack) from the name of the river along which most of their villages were located.
	www.angelfire.com /realm/shades/nativeamericans/pennacook.htm (1030 words)

	altribes
		Pennacook means "at the bottom of the hill." They spoke Algonquin.
		Kancamungus was the Sachem of the Pennacooks, and son of Passaconaway's son.
		The last of the "hostile" Pennacooks are believed to have eventually retreated to St. Francis in Quebec, Canada.
	www.govwentworth.k12.nh.us /goals2000-4WebSite/history/Native%20Americans/altribes.html (251 words)

	Pennacook
		For this reason, some classifications consider the Pennacook to be the southernmost group of the Abenaki, but in 1620 the Pennacook were a large, independent confederacy which tended to view their Abenaki relatives to the north as enemies.
		Forty years after the Pilgrims arrived at Plymouth, the Pennacook on the lower Merrimack were no longer in a position to share or sell their lands but had been reduced to asking the English to leave them enough land on which to live.
		From the standpoint of the Pennacook, Sokoki, and Abenaki, it was bad enough that the English had become allies with the Iroquois, but even worse was when the Boston traders had abandoned them to move west to Albany and trade with their enemies.
	www.dickshovel.com /penna.html (3473 words)

	Pennacook - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Pennacook or Pawtucket are a Native American group who once had villages in the Merrimack River valley in southern and central New Hampshire, northeastern Massachusetts, and southern Maine.
		They were defeated in 1676 at the end of King Philip's War and those remaining moved to Canada, where they united with the Abenakis at St Francis, Quebec and with the Sokokis at Saint-François-du-Lac.
		A large number of the Abenaki Native Americans living in Vermont and New Hampshire undoubtedly have Pennacook ancestry.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pennacook (207 words)

	The Merrimac Valley Group / Meri Mac Village
		The Gibraltar of the Pennacooks was a strongly built fort on the crest of Sugar Ball Hill in what is now Concord, N. According to their custom, upon nearing the enemy's country, the Mohawks separated into bands of from less than a dozen to more than twenty men each.
		Pennacook, now Concord, meaning "at the bottom of the hill," was the rendezvous of all the Natives of that name.
		At Pennacook, in 1662, Passaconaway became the "humble petitioner" to the "Great and Honred Court." He prayed that the rulers might, in reality, be generous enough to return to him, out of his own lands, enough to pitch a wigwam on.
	www.merrimacvalleygroup.org /passaconaway.shtml (7614 words)

	'Firewoman,' clan mother of Pennacook Abenakis; at 76 - The Boston Globe
		Firewoman, 76, a Native American crafts store owner and clan mother of the Pennacook band of the Abenakis, or "People of the Dawn," died Sunday at her home in Gloucester.
		As leader of the Pennacooks, a matriarchal society, Firewoman could link up with the clan mothers of a dozen Native American bands, and organized powwows throughout the region.
		In her younger days she was a prominent dancer at gatherings throughout the Northeast, dressed in a deerskin dress and tunic, bearing her trademark turtle-shell rattle.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/obituaries/articles/2004/03/26/firewoman_clan_mother_of_pennacook_abenakis_at_76 (607 words)

	Culture
		Pennacook people are one of the tribes of this nation.
		One of the achievements of this powerful Shaman was to organize the loose Pennacook Confederacy, which was more or less successful in keeping the peace between local tribes and the English as well as helping to resist the powerful Mohawks in what is now New York state.
		The Pennacooks were the most powerful, and occupied the region about Concord; and it was their Chief Passaconaway, who held sway over all these related tribes, with the title of Bashaba, meaning the chief Sachem, Sagamore or Sagamon, a sort of emperor on a small scale.
	www.kunnaway.com /custom.html (1016 words)

	A Town at last (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		During the 1780's and the 1790's, when the early settlers were first arriving in New Pennacook there was not enough people to make up a real town.
		Because of the minimal amount of people living in New Pennacook it was known as a "plantation," rather than a town.
		Life in New Pennacook became very difficult; some people from the plantation had even sent a letter to the Massachusetts Legislature in 1794 asking that they be relieved from paying taxes.
	valnet.mtvalleyhs.sad43.k12.me.us /MVHS/Community/Amanda/a_town_at_last.htm (573 words)

	Abenaki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The southern boundaries of the Abenaki homeland were near the present northern border of Massachusetts excluding the Pennacook country along the Merrimack River of southern New Hampshire.
		The Pennacook extended well-inland along the Merrimack River to a point where their boundaries with the Sokoki (western Abenaki) blurred.
		The alliance between the Pennacook and English made the Abenaki uneasy, but the colonists were also concerned about their own safety after the near destruction of Jamestown (Virginia) by the Powhatan in 1622.
	www.edzeppy.com /abenaki.htm (9083 words)

	Lowell National Historical Park - Lowell History Prologue
		Neighboring tribes regularly met at the falls in the spring to reap the bounty of the annual runs of salmon and sturgeon.
		With the incorporation of Chelmsford in 1655, a permanent English presence was established near the Pennacook villages.
		The remaining Pennacooks moved on to New Hampshire or Canada, and their former lands were absorbed into Chelmsford.
	www.nps.gov /lowe/loweweb/Lowell_History/prologue.htm (2073 words)

	AAA Native Arts - The Pennacook Indians
		The Pennacook are often identified so closely with the Abenaki that they are sometimes classified as the southernmost group of that tribe.
		This splintering and forced abandonment turned the Pennacook decidedly anti-English, and they became staunch French allies.By the advent of King William's war in the 1690's the Pennacook were sending war parties to defend Quebec.
		After his family was taken hostage, a new leader of Pennacook war raids finally made peace with the English, though battles between the Abenaki and the colonists continued until 1699.
	www.aaanativearts.com /printout28.html (996 words)

	Girl Scouts of Spar & Spindle Council: Employment Opportunities:Year Round Employment
		Rowley, MA Camp Pennacook is a six-week day camp for girls run by the Girl Scouts of Spar and Spindle Council.
		Camp Pennacook is known for the maturity, quality and the caring attitude of its counselors.
		A bond that binds the entire Pennacook staff is an unrelenting commitment to help each girl enjoy every day of her summer at camp.
	www.ssgsc.org /employment/employment_summer_camp_pennacook.html (506 words)

	pennacook
		The early poems of John Greenleaf Whittier,: Comprising Mogg Megone, The bridal of Pennacook, Legendary poems, Voices of freedom, miscellaneous poems, and Songs of labor
		Grandparents: Robert and Patricia Hewins, Pennacook, N.H., Hal Hopkins and Denise Hopkins, Taylor, N.Y., Brian and Joni King, Houlton.
		The Pennacook Indians, who had once been given deed to the area, were on...
	www.hallamericanhistory.com /top/sites/10/1/pennacook.html (559 words)

	Wolfs Retreat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Francois (Sokoki, Pennacook, and New England Algonquin), Becancour (Eastern Abenaki), Oswegatchie (Onondaga and Oneida), Lorette (Huron), and St. Regis (Mohawk).
		The Pennacook extended well-inland along the Merrimack River to a point where their boundaries with the Sokoki (western Abenaki) blurred.
		The alliance between the Pennacook and English made the Abenaki uneasy, but the colonists were also concerned about their own safety after the near destruction of Jamestown (Virginia) by the Powhatan in 1622.
	www.realduesouth.net /WolfsRetreat/Abenaki-Info.htm (9626 words)

	Abenaki
		The southern boundaries of the Abenaki homeland were near the present northern border of Massachusetts excluding the Pennacook country along the Merrimack River of southern New Hampshire.
		The Pennacook extended well-inland along the Merrimack River to a point where their boundaries with the Sokoki (western Abenaki) blurred.
		The alliance between the Pennacook and English made the Abenaki uneasy, but the colonists were also concerned about their own safety after the near destruction of Jamestown (Virginia) by the Powhatan in 1622.
	www.tolatsga.org /aben.html (9202 words)

	Pennacook Indian History
		Pentucket village also belonged to the Pennacook confederacy, although the Indians there do not seem to have been designated as a distinct tribe.
		The Pennacook were reduced by smallpox and other causes to about 2,500 in 1630, and in 1674 had decreased to about 1,250.
		On the outbreak of King Philip's war the next year the Nashua and Wachuset joined the hostile tribes, but the greater part of the Pennacook, under the chief Wannalancet, kept on friendly terms with the whites until the treacherous seizure of about 200 of their number by Waldron in 1676.
	www.accessgenealogy.com /native/tribes/algonquian/pennacookhist.htm (548 words)

	Passaconaway in the White Mountains
		At this time the Pennacooks, around Manchester and Concord, were the strongest and most highly developed of the New England Indians, and their tribe was the best organized one.
		The Pennacooks raised corn, melons, squashes, gourds, pumpkins, and beans.
		From Englishmen who mingled with the Pennacooks and who were witnesses of several of his sleight-of-hand tricks, we learn that the powwow swam across the Merrimac under water at a place where it was far too wide to cross in one breath.
	www.sidis.net /PASSChap1.htm (8689 words)

	Swtext New Hampshire Tribes 1d
		The Pennacook belonged to the Algonquian linguistic stock, their nearest relatives being the Abnaki, with whom they were frequently classed, and the Penobscot, Passamaquoddy.
		The early history of the Pennacook was like that of the Abnaki except that they were earlier affected by the English settlements on Massachusetts Bay.
		The number of Pennacook is estimated by Mooney (1928) at 2,000 in 1600 and 1,250 in 1676.
	www.hiddenhistory.com /PAGE3/swsts/nuhamp1.HTM (528 words)

	FDI - Pennacook
		Wanalancet, son of Passaconnaway, was held as a hostage by English for two years and released in only after the Pennacook signed a treaty of submission to Massachusetts
		Pennacook forced to surrender lands to the English for protection against Mohawk
		Pennacook suffered severely from attacks by Mohawk while allies were attacking Mohawk villages
	www.fourdir.com /pennacook.htm (253 words)

	SeacoastNH.com - Tracking Passaconaway
		Born as early as 1555 (or as late as 1580), it was Passaconaway who consolidated at least a dozen local tribes under the Pennacook leadership.
		The great leader was then reduced to begging the governor of Massachusetts for a small piece of land as a home for the Pennacook people.
		As emperor of the Pennacook tribes during the "Contact Period", he very actively prevented racial warfare.
	www.seacoastnh.com /History/As_I_Please/Tracking_Passaconaway (1880 words)

	History of Manchester, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire
		The feelings of the Pennacooks were thus exasperated, when the emissaries of the French went among them to induce them to take up the hatchet in the war, known as "King William's War." They probably needed very little urging.
		The confederated warriors had their rendezvous at the Fort at Pennacook, where it was determined in a council holden about the middle of June 1689, to make an attack upon the Garrison of Cocheco.
		Kancamagus doubtless, stipulated for Pennacook, Winnepesaukee, Ossipee and Pequauquauke.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/nh/county/hillsborough/manchester/book/chap5_1.html (6340 words)

	Amazon.com: Pennacook: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A seventeenth-century Pennacook quilled pouch by Ernest Stanley Dodge (Unknown Binding - 1959)
		The bridal of Pennacook;: Entertainment in tableaux and pantomime, illustrating an Indian legend, by John Greenleaf Whittier (Unknown Binding - 1913)
		The Pennacook myths, which were the most consistent and picturesque, taught that...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Pennacook&tag=webshopmarket-20&index=books&link_code=qs&page=1 (1079 words)

	Pennacook indian children (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Visit www.encounter-india.com, and find latest lore about not only pennacook indian children, but also Churches and Convents of Goa and Bannerghatta National Park.
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	www.encounter-india.com /Tour-India-Expedition/pennacook-indian-children.html (130 words)

	Lakes Region of Maine, USA
		Of all the Wabanaki peoples, the Pennacooks (also called the Central Abenakis) were the first to suffer the most from English colonial land-grabbing, because of their closest-to-Boston location.
		By 1662 so much Pennacook territory had been lost to the English that Passaconaway had to petition the Colony for a tract of land to live upon.
		Pennacook history is only now being rediscovered, and the possibility of their future is not precluded
	www.lakesregionofmaine.gen.me.us /sebago_anthro/faq_nq/sakamoseries/sakamoseries_2.html (3020 words)

	Pennacook local poker game (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
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	www.find-local-poker.com /Pennacook-local-poker-game (241 words)

	[No title]
		Planned Parenthood’s attempts to consolidate their Bedford and South Willow Street offices to Pennacook Street are controversial because they are not ruling out the possibility of offering abortion services.
		The New Hampshire Right to Life trustee and point-woman for the group’s attempt to block use of the Pennacook site wants the case to start over again, this time she says with the full disclosure early on that the building would be housing Planned Parenthood.
		Back in January 2000, Anagnost says that he began the process of seeking a variance for the Pennacook building even before he knew who might be the tenant.
	www.hippopress.com /stuff/020801_planned.html (1903 words)

	Fall 2004 MaineArts Mag - Discovery Research project... - Maine Arts Commission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Pennacook Art Center opened on Rumford's Main Street in June, 2004.
		He found an unused storefront on Rumford's main street and opened the Pennacook Art Center in June of 2004.
		Betsy Bell at the Pennacook Art Center is working to make that happen.
	mainearts.maine.gov /news/newsletter/2004-3/rumford.shtml (997 words)

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