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Topic: Penny Postage

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	Penny postage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The campaign for cheap postage was actually initiated by Robert Wallace, who in 1835 argued before a governmental Commission set up to investigate the problems, that greater use of the mailing system would lead to increased revenue for the government.
		Previously, postage had depended on distance and the number of sheets of paper; now one penny could assure delivery of an envelope and the letter it enclosed anywhere in the country provided together they satisfied the weight condition.
		The uniform penny postage service was inaugurated with a postage-prepaid envelope (on the face of which was a printed elaborately pictorial illustration to discourage counterfeiting) on 10 January 1840, four months before stamps were issued on 6 May 1840.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Penny_postage (458 words)

	Penny Black - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Penny Black was the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, issued in the city of Bath by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on May 1, 1840, for use from May 6.
		Cole's sketch was in turn based on the head by William Wyon, that had been done for a medal used to commemorate the visit of Queen Victoria to the City of London in the year she ascended the throne, 1837.
		Following the acceptance by the general public of the postage stamps and the ridicule of the Mulready letter sheets, which were produced at the same time, vast supplies of the latter were given to government departments, such as the tax office, for official use.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Penny_Black (1007 words)

	Dakshina Kannada Philatelic Association - The first postage stamp Penny Black (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Until Rowland Hill introduced his reform the postage on a letter was usually paid by the person who received it, not by the person who posted it.The postman had the task of collecting the postage when he delivered the mail.
		First reform was the introduction of uniform Penny Postage on 5th December 1839, which was reduced to one Penny on 9th January 1840.
		The Penny Black, the first ever adhesive postage stamp was issued on 1st May 1840 though it became valid for postage on 6th may 1840.
	www.geocities.com /dakshina_kan_pa/art11/penny.htm (1022 words)

	TALLAN Enterprises
		He was an advocate of postal reform and had helped to establish the Imperial Penny Postage scheme which covered Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
		In real terms the Anglo-American Penny Postage ended in June 1918 when the British inland postage rate was increased to 1½ pence.
		Fuji was the first country to use the portrait on the one penny value issued in June 1956.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /encyclopedia/encyclopdia9.html (1073 words)

	PHILATELIC DICTIONARY
		Imprimatur - In philately, usually a postage stamp cut from one of the first sheets to be printed of a new design or new plate, often on ungummed paper and usually imperf; frequently the issued stamps were perforated and of a different shade of ink.
		Modern postage stamps may be printed with colourless inks containing a phosphor, either in the form of bands (visible when viewed at an acute angle) or as 'all-over phosphor', or the phosphor may be coated on the paper before stamp printing begins.
		Tied - A postage stamp is tied to its cover by a cancellation clearly extending across both the stamp and the cover, thus assuring that the stamp is still on the original cover for which it paid postage.
	www.cifr.it /smallphilatelicdictionary.html (8783 words)

	Penny Blacks - information from Robert Murray Stamp Shop, Edinburgh
		The story is long and involved, but eventually The Penny Postage Bill was passed by Parliament on 17 August 1839.
		Some basic elements of the plan were the lowering of postage rates for basic letters to one penny, the removal of certain idiosyncrasies, that prepayment would become normal, and the availability of printed envelopes, lettersheets, and labels to show prepayment.
		It seems that, although Hill also presented the idea of adhesive stamps, he was probably keener on the use of standard prepaid letter folders or lettersheets or envelopes, such as were issued in 1840 using a design by William Mulready.
	www.stamp-shop.com /penny-black.html (1016 words)

	The Penny Black Project
		The introduction of the Penny Black stamp played an important role in the reform of the British Postal System during the 1830's.
		Postage had to be calculated for each letter, and was typically paid by the addressee.
		The introduction of the Penny Black shifted the cost of postage to the sender and eliminated the complexity of postage computation by requiring a uniform, low rate.
	research.microsoft.com /research/sv/PennyBlack (625 words)

	Scoutingaround :: Penny Black Postage Stamp
		Before the Penny Black was issued, the receiver of a letter was required to pay postage, however, after the issuance of the Penny Black the modern model of postage begun and pre-paid postage was implemented requiring sender to pay postage costs.
		As shown in the Penny Black to the right, red ink was used for cancellation of the stamp however as you can see the red cancellation stamp does not show very well.
		In 1841, a new stamp was issued that was exactly that same as the penny fl (many of the old plates used for the Penny fl were used for the new stamp) but used red ink for the stamp and used fl ink for the cancellation.
	scoutingaround.com /interest/penny_black.php (222 words)

	The Penny Black
		It was issued on Wednesday 6th May 1840 and the Twopenny Blue was issued on Friday 8th May 1840 early in the reign of Queen Victoria (b1819), who reigned from 1837-1901, her portrait was used on the stamp as it would be more recognisable by the public.
		As this was the first postage stamp, the country name is omitted, a tradition continued with all the stamps of Great Britain, the identifying characteristic is the monarch's head which always faces to the left on definitive stamps.
		The uniform penny postage was introduced on 10 January 1840, before stamps were issued on 6 May 1840 (example letter).
	www.imagesoftheworld.org /stamps/info.htm (1401 words)

	Rowland Hill (1795-1879)
		The uniform penny postage was introduced on 10 January 1840, four months before stamps were issued on 6 May 1840 (example letter).
		The portrait on the penny fl is based on the Wyon city medal of 1837 which William Wyon modelled in 1834 when Princess Victoria was only 15.
		As this was the first postage stamp, the country name is omitted, a tradition continued with all the stamps of Great Britain, the identifying characteristic is the monarch's head which usually faces to the left.
	www.imagesoftheworld.org /stamps/rowlandhill.htm (974 words)

	Great Britain: Line Engraved Victoria Made Easy by Wm F Blank
		The penny fl was printed from 11 plates numbered 1 to 11, many having more than one state due to repairs and re-entries.
		The first printing of the imperforate penny reds were made from the some of the same plates as the penny fls.
		Penny Red, plate 173, Alphabet II In general alphabet I letters are smaller and more delicate than alphabet II, while the latter are blockier and larger than alphabet I. Perforated Penny Reds:
	www.kernunnos.com /Philately/GBQVLE.html (1698 words)

	Great Britain philatelic literature
		POST OFFICE Account of the celebration of the Jubilee of Uniform Inland Penny Postage at the Veneitan Chamber, Holborn Restaurant at the Guidhall at the museum of science and art, South Kensington and at various towns and villages throughout the U.K. Jubilee Celebration Committee, London.
		POST OFFICE Account of the celebration of the Jubilee of Uniform Inland Penny Postage at the Venetian Chamber, Holborn Restaurant at the Guidhall at the museum of science and art, South Kensington and at various towns and villages throughout the U.K. Jubilee Celebration Committee, London.
		LOWE R. The British Postage Stamp being the history of the nineteenth century postage stamps based on the collection presented to the Nation by Reginald M. Phillips of Brighton.
	www.pennymead.com /philitgb.htm (3507 words)

	The Royal Philatelic Society London visits The Collectors Club
		The complete issue of the Penny Black through to the final Plate 11 is presented and includes the earliest known registered cover bearing a postage stamp, a number of earliest usages, a marginal corner plate with number and multiple unused and used examples.
		Comparisons with the later Penny Red printings from the Penny Black plates are made including scarce examples of unused Plates 1b and 2 together with a number of matched printings from Plates 1a, 1b and 1c.
		Issued on the 1st May 1840 and authorized for postage from 6th May 1840, Mulready letter sheets and envelopes for 1d and 2d postage were the revolutionary postal stationery items central to the introduction of Uniform Penny Postage by Rowland Hill.
	www.rpsl.org.uk /collectors_club/index.html (5281 words)

	Collecting Stamps
		Agitation for Universal Penny Postage was successful in 1840, and, within six days after the act providing for a reduced and uniform rate of postage in Great Britain was set up, an advertisement seeking a "stamp" design appeared in the London Times.
		This firm prepared an engraved die of a head of Queen Victoria, facing left, as taken from the "Guildhall" medal by William Wyon.The drawing for the head was done by Henry Corbould and the engraving of the stamp die was the work of either Charles Heath or his son, Frederick.
		Thus a "Penny Black" with E in the lower left, and G in the lower right, would be the seventh stamp in on the fifth row.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles01/article676.shtml (1008 words)

	Uniform Penny Postage Introduced (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Among the opponents of the scheme was Lord Lichfield, the Postmaster-General, who noted, "Of all the wild and visionary schemes I have ever heard or read of, it is the most extraordinary." Despite opposition the Chancellor of the Exchequer presented his Budget based on adoption of Penny Postage.
		The opposition in Parliament was led by Sir Robert Peel who argued principally that there would be a large loss in revenue and by Sir Robert Inglis who was opposed to the abolition of the franking privilege for Members of Parliament.
		On January 10, 1840, the Uniform Penny Postage was established.
	www.stampwhiz.com /pastnote397.htm (558 words)

	Royal Insight > September 2004 > Focus > Royal Stamps
		The cost of postage varied, depending on the distance the letter was sent and the number of sheets of paper used.
		The system - later known as Imperial Penny Postage - meant that until the First World War letters could be sent anywhere in the United Kingdom for only 1d and progressively to all dominions, colonies and possessions, plus the United States, for the same price.
		The Penny and Two Pence 'Post Office' Mauritius stamps were the first to be issued by a colonial administration; they were issued just seven years after the first postage stamps.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/page3402.asp (1298 words)

	Bath Postal Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Postage was charged by distance and the number of sheets in a letter.
		One cause of the expense was the governments view of postage as a tax to be raided.
		The first of these was the famous Penny Black, which officially came in to use on 6th May 1840.
	www.bathpostalmuseum.org /hop6.html (371 words)

	Stamp2.com - Articles : Cinderella
		On January 10, 1840 Rowland Hill introduced Uniform Penny Postage throughout the United Kingdom, and followed this on May 6, 1840 with the introduction of the first postage stamp, the Penny Black.
		One of the major steps towards Universal Penny Postage was the introduction of Ocean Penny Postage (or more correctly Imperial Penny Postage) on December 25, 1898 - this was commemorated by Canada producing the first 'Xrnas' stamp.
		Great Britain celebrated the advent of Ocean Penny Postage by arranging the first International Stamp Exhibition to be held in a non-capital city, Manchester 1899.
	www.stamp2.com /articles/cinderella/cinderella21.asp (316 words)

	Letters from the past - a history part 5
		In this, he proposed a uniform postage rate of 1d, - One Penny - which would lead to an increase in correspondence and the virtual abolition of attempts to evade the postage.
		However, postage was not reduced to One Penny at once, but from December 5th 1839, a General Fourpenny Rate was set up for letters up to half an ounce in weight.
		In 1840 after the introduction of the Penny Post there were 168 million and ten years later this had doubled to an incredible 347 million letters.
	homepages.ihug.co.nz /~awoodley/Letter5.html (1242 words)

	Falkland Islands Philatelic Bureau - Falkland Islands
		There had been strong pressures for postal reform in the 1830’s when postage was calculated according to the distance and the number of sheets in a letter with payment normally met by the addressee.
		Hill was at the forefront of the campaign for reform and was particularly concerned that senders of letters were unaware of the cost which acted as a deterrent and resulted in some rejection of letters at the point of delivery.
		Postage stamps were introduced in the Falkland Islands in June 1878 but the cost of writing home to friends and family remained high and was clearly a deterrent for the growing stream of immigrants from Britain.
	www.falklands.gov.fk /pb/fi/rowlandhill.htm (1008 words)

	Letters from the past - a history part 1
		The Penny Black, is without doubt the best-known stamp in the world, but it was only the end result of a campaign for cheap postage that had been gaining momentum for more than 100 years.
		This system of free postage, or Franking, as it was known, lasted until the introduction of the Penny Post in 1840, and caused enormous losses in revenue to the Post Office and so the Government.
		Despite the amendments to the various laws relating to the cost of postage, this privilege of free postage was not cancelled until 1840, when the cheap 'Penny Postage' was introduced for everybody.
	homepages.ihug.co.nz /~awoodley/Letter.html (1827 words)

	Alphabetilately: M is for Mulready Envelope
		Rowland Hill, their sponsor (and the man generally considered the inventor of the postage stamp), expected them to be the primary vehicle for letters, and issued stamps as well almost as an afterthought.
		Keep in mind that the Mulreadys and Penny Blacks were part of a major postal reform, in which the rate scale was dramatically revised, from a system based on the number of sheets of paper and the mileage, to one based simply on weight.
		It was called Island Penny Postage (also Inland Penny Postage, and Uniform Penny Post), which meant that all letters sent within the UK went for a single fixed rate of One Penny per half-ounce.
	alphabetilately.com /M.html (1176 words)

	Victorian London - Communications - Post - Postal System
		With the general penny postage for England, Scotland, Ireland, and the Channel Islands—with a regular, rapid, and frequent transmission of the mails from and to the provinces, there is, moreover, an admirable system adopted for the distribution of letters throughout the metropolis.
		The postage, of course, is the same for either district; but the difference lies in the number of deliveries.
		The penny stamp, which each copy of a political journal is required to have, franks it throughout the whole of Great Britain and Ireland—not once, but several times.
	www.victorianlondon.org /communications/postal.htm (4195 words)

	PENNY BLACK STAMPS .... harriet tubman postage stamp, love postage stamps, who invented the postage stamp, chinese ...
		PENNY BLACK STAMPS: all the plainer was the queer way in which her hair was parted to one side (it looked like the wigs which bald women contrive for themselves).
		Even her brown eyes, though expressive of good- humour, were small and dull--were, penny fl stamps fact, anything but pretty; while her hands (those most characteristic of features), were though neither large penny fl stamps ill-shaped, coarse and red.
		Her eyes were fl and very frank, her lips thin and slightly severe, her nose regular and slightly inclined to the left, and her hands ringless, large, and almost like those of a man, but with finely tapering fingers.
	www.ywcaoakridge.org /penny_black_stamps.html (503 words)

	History of Postcards ~ Postcard History ~ Postcard Museum ~ The Origins of Postcards presented by Emotions Greeting ...
		The Penny Black which was issued in England in 1840 is the world's first adhesive postage stamp.
		Before 1840 postage rates varied as they were dependent on how many sheets of paper were used and how far the distance sent.
		Postage was at that time quite expensive and many times the receivers refused the deliveries.
	www.emotionscards.com /museum/historyofpostcards.htm (2411 words)

	GBStamps.com Machin Album - Designer Machins
		The 1840 Anniversary Machins were issued in 1990 to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the introduction of uniform penny postage and the adhesive postage stamp.
		The [1840 Anniversary Machin] creates a dignified balance between the line engraving of the Penny Black and the photograph of the original bas-relief plaster cast of Her Majesty, preserving the Integrity of the two original designs and creating a miniature timeline of royal lineage.
		The Penny Black was purchased by the mailer and affixed to the envelope or letter-sheet to indicate that the postage had been paid.
	www.gbstamps.com /machins/album/designer/designer_01.html (430 words)

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