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Topic: Penteconter

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		penteconter ("50-oared"), a fast galley propelled by 50 oars-men, 25 to a side, working in a single row.
		This was a pure warship, not a merchant-man. The length of a big penteconter was probably somewhere around 38 meters, which is quite near to the maximum one can achieve with the available materials.
		The lower row worked just as in the penteconter: The rowers were sitting towards the center of the ship, and the oars fulcrum was fixed on the rail.
	mkatz.web.wesleyan.edu /thucydides_lecture/ships.htm (792 words)

	[No title]
		What we see here is actually a trireme, a later version of a penteconter, with three banks of oars, and thirty on one bank of rowers to the penteconter's twenty-five, but it gives some idea of the rowing power of the ancient ships.
		Penteconters were not clinker built with overlapping planks like the later Viking ships.
		The penteconter had similar attributes and probably semi-planed, as its descendant, the trireme, is thought to have done.
	cumulus.planetess.com /Odysseus/Ch2.htm (2345 words)

	Ancient Peiraeus and the Shipping - Page 10
		The genesis of the trireme was the old penteconter ("fifty-oar ship") which, in its prime features, was simply a long, narrow, open hull, with slightly raised prow and stern cabins, pulling twenty-five oars to a side.
		There are a few penteconters still in existence, though the great naval powers have long since scorned them.
		It was impossible to continue the simple scheme of the penteconter.
	www.ellopos.net /elpenor/greek-texts/ancient-greece/old-athens-peiraeus.asp?pg=10 (219 words)

	Detail Page (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The practical limit in length for an undecked wooden ship is about 100 feet; beyond that, the hull is liable to break apart.
		Images in vase paintings and other surviving art show penteconters as resembling Viking longboats, with the oarsmen seated along one level in the open air.
		Penteconters, cheaper and easier to build, were still being used by some Greek states as late as the Persian Wars (490–479
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=GRE0518 (1681 words)

	Ancient Greek Naval Warfare
		At first this led to the development of the Penteconter (meaning 50-oared), a sleek ram-armed and fast war galley power by fifty oars, with twenty-five to a side and manned by fifty oarsmen.
		A large Penteconter could range up to 37-38 meters, the beam would be four meters to allow room for the rowers to work the oars.
		The upper tier of oars were fitted to the outriggers and the upper oarsmen sat further outward, giving room for both tiers of oars to work.
	www.inisfail.com /~ancients/history/greek-naval.html (869 words)

	Ancient Astronautics
		A trireme, a later version of a penteconter, with three banks of oars, and thirty on one bank of rowers to the penteconter's twenty-five, gives some idea of the rowing power of the ancient ships.
		This may suggest the penteconter raised a jib, or spinnaker, or foresail forward of the mainsail when running before the wind.
		The Phaiakian ship which is to take Odysseus home, with its 52 oarsmen, sounds very like either a penteconter or a prototype of a Viking ship.
	www3.sympatico.ca /nimbus/z24j.htm (11540 words)

	Herodotus - The Histories - Page 441
		After much thought he made up his mind that it was a signet-ring which he liked to wear, an emerald set in gold, the workmanship of Theodore, son of Telecles, a Samian.
		So he determined to throw this away; and, manning a penteconter, he went on board, and bade the sailors put out into the open sea.
		When he was now a long way from the island, he took the ring from his finger, and, in the sight of all those who were on board, flung it into the deep.
	www.galileolibrary.com /ebooks/eu04/herodotus_page_441.htm (162 words)

	Herodotus - The Histories - Page 165
		Now the Phocaeans were the first of the Greeks who performed long voyages, and it was they who made the Greeks acquainted with the Adriatic and with Tyrrhenia, with Iberia, and the city of Tartessus.
		The vessel which they used in their voyages was not the round-built merchant-ship, but the long penteconter.
		On their arrival at Tartessus, the king of the country, whose name was Arganthonius, took a liking to them.
	www.galileolibrary.com /ebooks/eu04/herodotus_page_165.htm (219 words)

	dersimdestani.info: Galley (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Through a process of trial and error, the monoreme — a galley with one row of oars on each side — reached the peak of its development in the penteconter, about 38 m long, with 25 oarsmen on each side.
		The penteconter's size required that its builders stretch cables between the bow and stern to distribute the stress evenly.
		Around the 7th or 6th century BC the design of galleys changed.
	pardus.info /index.php?title=Galley (2535 words)

	HISTORION - History Online Library - A Day In Old Athens - Page 59 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Eustathius goes away towards one of the wharves, where his trireme, the "Invincible," is moored with her
		There are a few penteconters still in existence, though the
		and the penteconter was already so long in relation to its beam as to be somewhat unsafe.
	historion.net /w.s.davis-day-old-athens/page-59.html (620 words)

	[No title]
		Sailors find abundant fish in the shallows, where they can dart back to land at the first sign of a Serpant©wake, but transªborder crossing require each to head deeper into the waters, to where the deamons of the sea live.
		Each of you will start research off with the Fishing Boat, basically making better fishing boats than the Missionaries left the people with and soon you will be able to build Penteconters.
		Penteconter attacked SHIP ATTACK STRENGTH=47 Serpent a lot, lot higher, Penteconter sinks all hands lost.
	members.fortunecity.com /uncivil/U3nav.doc (2225 words)

	Fantasy Gaming: Strategic
		Sailors find abundant fish in the shallows, where they can dart back to land at the first sign of a Serpant-wake, but trans-border crossing require each to head deeper into the waters, to where the deamons of the sea live.
		Sailing boats and Penteconters take no time to load or unload.
		Trireme attacks central Bireme ramming it below the waterline, oarsmen retreat as arrows are sent in to the abandoning crew.
	members.fortunecity.com /uncivil/navy.html (2281 words)

	New "Discovery of Atlantis" Book - Atlantis Rising
		Indeed, although the earliest spoke-wheeled chariots came into existence as far back as 2300 BC (and solid(-wheeled), four-wheeled chariots possibly earlier than that), triremes did not come into existence until about 650 BC and they were not effectively used in naval warfare until around 525 BC.
		This was basically a penteconter with an additional row of 25 oars per side fitted to the outriggers.
		The beam (width) of the penteconter was 4 meters, the beam of the bireme was 3 meters, and the beam of the trireme was 3.5 meters.
	forums.atlantisrising.com /ubb/Forum1/HTML/000692-19.html (3693 words)

	[No title]
		So, for instance, he argues that the penteconter was without exception a twin-banked vessel rather than the more common view that there were both single and twin-banked versions (pp.
		This is in direct contrast to the usual view that the trireme originated in Greece and was then exported to the Near East; but though Thucydides says that triremes were built (1.13.2), it seems best, despite the objections of Morrison, to accept Wallinga's view (p.
		Wallinga's hypothesis seems far more plausible than the common view that the trireme evolved from the much smaller two-level penteconter with no intermediate stage, though it will not appeal to the Hellenocentric.
	www.und.ac.za /und/classics/r-a3kee.html (1415 words)

	Penteconter * People, Places, & Things * Greek Mythology: From the Iliad to the Fall of the Last Tyrant
		Penteconter * People, Places, and Things * Greek Mythology: From the Iliad to the Fall of the Last Tyrant
		A Greek war ship with fifty oars arranged twenty-five to a side in one tier.
		A penteconter was not an all purpose ship like the trireme; the penteconter was equipped with a ram and it was designed specifically as a warship and therefore fast and maneuverable; approximately 125 feet (38 meters) in length and 12 feet (3.7 meters) wide.
	messagenet.com /myths/ppt/Penteconter_1.html (268 words)

	Ships Galleys
		The result of this development was the penteconter ("50-oared"), a fast galley propelled by 50 oars-men, 25 to a side, working in a single row.
		The beam was approximately 4 meters, which is the minimum width for a ship with two rowers that have to work abreast and want good leverage for the oars.
		It could accelerate from standstill to half speed in 8 seconds,
	faculty.cua.edu /pennington/ChurchHistory220/ShipsGalleys.html (1497 words)

	History of Herodotus by Herodotus
		In a long discourse he besought the Spartans to come to the assistance of his countrymen, but they were not to be persuaded, and voted against sending any succour.
		The deputies accordingly went their way, while the Lacedaemonians, notwithstanding the refusal which they had given to the prayer of the deputation, despatched a penteconter to the Asiatic coast with certain Spartans on board, for the purpose, as I think, of watching Cyrus and Ionia.
		These men, on their arrival at Phocaea, sent to Sardis Lacrines, the most distinguished of their number, to prohibit Cyrus, in the name of the Lacedaemonians, from offering molestation to any city of Greece, since they would not allow it.
	www.4literature.net /Herodotus/History_of_Herodotus/22.html (1183 words)

	Rome is Born - Chapters
		They represent a value that has little to do with the worth of the metal itself.
		See how they stamped an image of a penteconter on one side?
		I think that's a bird on the other side.
	reilly2go.com /repchapt21.html (665 words)

	Pelasgians to Phaedrias * People, Places, & Things * Greek Mythology: From the Iliad to the Fall of the Last Tyrant
		A penteconter was not an all purpose ship like the trireme; the penteconter was equipped with a ram and it was designed specifically as a warship and therefore fast and maneuverable; approximately 125 feet (38 meters) in length and 12 feet (3.7 meters) wide.
		See Penteconter by itself with citation tips (best for bookmarking).
		The queen of the Amazons who was killed by Akhilleus (Achilles) during the siege of Troy.
	www.messagenet.com /myths/ppt/_p1002.html (2999 words)

	FictionPress.Com Story : Heart of a Warrior (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For she guides those who look to her, and keeps them through war.
		Sing, O Muse, and tell of Zephyr, which directed the penteconter, and the
		For one wind spirit's speaking can send many ships into battle.
	www.fictionpress.com /read.php?storyid=1352324 (218 words)

	Odyssey (Site not responding. Last check: )
		On the shield is a motif of an olive leaf pattern, which can be interpreted as the Olympic laurel wreath."
		Turkish (I believe website) with pictures of unpainted wood penteconter models.
		This is a much simplified image of Odysseus' ship, which is of a type called "
	www.englishisnotforsissies.org /Odyssey.html (468 words)

	home.html
		Briefly describe the lifestyle of each of the class systems.
		Explain how a penteconter ship is different from a trireme.
		Approximately when did he write these two famous epics?
	www.asdk12.org /schools/west/pages/Curriculum/larsen/home.html (237 words)

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