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Topic: Pentlandite

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	Probert Encyclopaedia: Rocks and Minerals (P) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Pentlandite is the most important industrial source of nikel and has the formulae (Fe,Ni)9S8 and a relative hardness of 4.
		Pentlandite was confirmed as a distinct species in 1856 and named after Joseph Pentland, the discoverer of it.
		Pentlandite forms in basic igneous rocks such as diabase and gabbro through magmatic segregation.
	www.probertencyclopaedia.com /HG.HTM (2348 words)

	[No title]
		This is further supported by the sintering of the oxides, the presence of Co-rich pentlandite in the sintered area, and the textural and chemical overprinting of the chromites.
		The primary sulphides are pyrrhotite (po), pentlandite (pn), and chalcopyrite (cp), with cubanite (cb), mackinawite (mc), pyrite (py), millerite (ml), and cobaltite (cob) occurring with these at depth in the Complex.
		In the Mhzbg, PCR and Lhzbg zones the flame pentlandite forms between 1 and 5 percent of the total pentlandite which is indicative of the lower limit of the nickel losses to be expected in beneficiation.
	www.up.ac.za /academic/geol/pers/MScabs.htm (2133 words)

	Title page for Thesis adt-WCU20020828.134228
		The endmembers of the violarite and pentlandite series were examined in detail to determine the effect of stoichiometry on the reaction mechanism.
		The oxidation of violarite and pentlandite was investigated at a heating rate of 10 degrees celsius min(subscript)-1 in an air atmosphere.
		A clear relationship was found between the stoichiometry of violarite and pentlandite and the ignition temperature, with an increase in the iron:nickel ratio causing a decrease in the ignition temperature.
	adt.curtin.edu.au /theses/available/adt-WCU20020828.134228 (991 words)

	pentlandite -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The most important nickel mineral is pentlandite, (Ni, Fe)9S8, followed by pyrrhotite, usually ranging from FeS to Fe7S8, in which some of the iron may be replaced by nickel.
		It commonly is found with pentlandite and other sulfides in silica-poor igneous rocks, as at Kongsberg, Nor.; Andreas-Berg, Ger.; Trentino, Italy; and Sudbury, Ont. The variety troilite, with a composition near that of iron...
		It is used as alloying agent to harden platinum, palladium, and electrical contact alloys and as substitute for platinum in jewelry and in pen nibs.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9059134?tocId=9059134 (460 words)

	Untitled Document
		Pentlandite may contain either iron or nickel and sulfur in a ration of nine to eight, with iron and nickel equally as common in crystals.
		Pentlandite is an isotropic mineral and is therefore opaque in hand sample and thin sections.
		Pentlandite may be found in igneous intrusions with other nickel minerals, all of which are mined as an ore of that element.
	s01.middlebury.edu /GL211A/STUDENTS/Sulfide%20Minerals/mineralpage2.htm (572 words)

	PENTLANDITE (Iron Nickel Sulfide)
		Pentlandite's formula is believed to be composed of equal amounts of nickel and iron, but does show variation in tests, probably as a result of pyrrhotite inclusions in test samples.
		The structure of pentlandite is rather complex, with a face centered cubic arrangement and the metal ions in tetrahedral and octahedral coordination with the sulfurs.
		Pentlandite lends its name and structure to a group of minerals called the Pentlandite Group.
	mineral.galleries.com /minerals/sulfides/pentland/pentland.htm (553 words)

	Nickel Mineralogy on MiningLife
		The most common ore minerals for nickel are pentlandite (sulfide orebodies) and garnierite and nickeliferous limonite (nickel laterite orebodies).
		Pentlandite is usually intimately associated with pyrrhotite and less commonly with chalcopyrite in gabbro of plutonic rocks.
		The tropical climate with high temperatures and abundant rainfall cause weathering of nickel-bearing mafic and ultramafic rocks (iron and magnesium rich) subsequently concentrating the mineral.
	www.mininglife.com /commodities/Nickel_mineralogy.htm (95 words)

	RI8084
		Pentlandite, chalcopyrite, and cubanite are all found in contact with pyrrhotite; occasionally pyrrhotite is seen as small grains within a sea of chalcopyrite and cubanite intergrowths.
		Pentlandite occurs as rounded grains in or at the edge of a pyrrhotite (or pyrrhotite-troilite) grain.
		The fact that the chalcopyrite-cubanite occurs near the bottom and is seen to: (1) follow tiny fractures between large sulfide grains, (2) replace pyrrhotite and oxides, (3) occur along plagioclase cleavage fractures, and (4) be intergrown with the late-stage biotite crystals; all strongly suggest an alternative origin for the copper mineralization.
	www.tc.umn.edu /~mboucher/mikebouchweb/pubs/ri8084.htm (10321 words)

	[No title]
		Some of the pentlandite is not stoichiometric; no systematic relation between departure from stoichiometry and metal contents or metal ratios is detectable.
		Variation of Co/Ni in pentlandite is reflected by Co/Ni in coexisting pyrrhotite and in whole-rock compositions.
		Furthermore, Ni in Co-poor pentlandite is replaced by Fe, In contrast, the composition of pyrrhotite was only found to be affected if in contact with secondary magnetite or Co-rich pentlandite.
	www.up.ac.za /academic/geol/pers/rmabs.htm (6700 words)

	PLATINUM-GROUP ELEMENTS (PGE) IN THE MAIN SULFIDE ZONE (MSZ) OF THE GREAT DYKE AT MHONDORO, ZIMBABWE: MINERALOGY AND ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite, minor pyrite, and traces of galena form the sulfide assemblage.
		Pentlandite occurs as exsolution flames and granular chains in pyrrhotite, as well as a solitary phase.
		Additionally, a statistically relevant number of sulfides (pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite, pyrite) and oxides (chromite, magnetite, rutile) were analyzed, too.
	mindepos.bg.tu-berlin.de /GEO98/abstracts/S8.07-09.50.html (849 words)

	Nickel 2000 - The Major Nickel Deposits of the World - Deposit Descriptions, Module 3
		The massive sulphides are divided into either pyrrhotite, cubanite or chalcopyrite types, depending on the dominant sulphide, with associated pentlandite moihoekite and talnakhite.
		Vein disseminations of 'cupriferous' ore which are found below the massive sulphide, between the massive sulphide and the lower margins of the sill, and within sediments on the upper margin of the sill, often associated with zones of 'skarn' altered brecciated dolerite and marl/argillite.
		The principal minerals are pyrrhotite (dominant), pentlandite (violarite), chalcopyrite, cubanite, mackinawite and pyrite.
	www.portergeo.com.au /tours/nickel2000/m3.asp (1335 words)

	Pentlandite
		An isometric mineral, (Fe,Ni)9 S8 ; octahedral parting; metallic; pale bronze-yellow; nonmagnetic; generally associated with pyrrhotite, less commonly associated with chalcopyrite in magmatic sulfide deposits; the principal sulfide ore of nickel.
		The mineral group argentopentlandite, cobalt pentlandite, geffroyite,manganese-shadlunite, pentlandite, and shadlunite.
		English words defined with "pentlandite": atomic number 28 ♦ Ni, nickel.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/english/pe/pentlandite.html (354 words)

	Nickel 2000 - The Major Nickel Deposits of the World - Deposit Descriptions, Module 2B
		The main ores are composed of pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite, pyrite and magnetite.
		The copper rich veins deep in the footwall are dominated by chalcopyrite and cubanite with lesser pentlandite, magnetite and pyrrhotite.
		In the orebodies, nickel is found in disseminated to heavily disseminated pyrrhotite with up to 10% medium to coarse pentlandite, to net textured to massive sulphides composed of pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite, minor pyrite and traces of sphalerite and magnetite in a peridotitic gangue.
	www.portergeo.com.au /tours/nickel2000/m2b.asp (2378 words)

	SME--VIRTUAL ATLAS OF OPAQUE AND ORE MINERALS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		They form composite grains and globules with pentlandite cores surrounded by pyrrhotite and then chalcopyrite.
		Pyrrhotite carries flame-like exsolution bodies of pentlandite, and chalcopyrite has exsolved lamellae of cubanite.
		In serpentinized areas pentlandite and pyrrhotite are altered to millerite, violarite, nickelian mackinawite and marcasite accompanied by secondary magnetite.
	www.smenet.org /opaque-ore/ix_d12_1.htm (107 words)

	Mineralogical Record: Nickel and platinum-group element deposits at Noril'sk, Siberia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The majority of the platinum (9095%) in disseminated ore is found as sperrylite, with 1.2 ppm in pyrrhotite and pentlandite.
		Palladium is primarily concentrated in pentlandite (50-1000 ppm); palladium minerals rarely occur in disseminated ore. Rhodium, iridium, and osmium occur as solid solutions in pyrrhotite and pentlandite.
		Palladium occurs as solid solutions in pentlandite, and as discrete minerals, especially in the chalcopyrite ores where minerals of the complex Pd-Pt-Cu-Sn-As assemblage form.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3672/is_200101/ai_n8938774 (905 words)

	[No title]
		Pentlandite (page 360 text) is the mineral that we mine for Ni.
		Plot its possible composition on a triangular diagram with Ni, Fe, and S as the corners.
		The text says that Pentlandite commonly occurs as exsolution lamellae within pyrrhotite.
	www.d.umn.edu /~pmorton/geol2311/exams/takehome2001.doc (481 words)

	Sulfides - Pentlandite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Not ferromagnetic but usually associated with pyrrhotite which is variably ferromagnetic.
		Pentlandite occurs with other sulfides, particularly pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite in massive segregations in mafic igneous rocks.
		Nickel and ferronickel are produced from smelting of pentlandite-pyrrhotite ores.
	www.earth.uq.edu.au /MINERALS/minerals/sulfides/pentlandite.htm (45 words)

	Pentlandite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Pentlandite is a sulphide containing nickel and iron.
		It is a light bronze colour, and it occurs in nature associated with chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite.
		Pentlandite is the main nickel source mined in Sudbury, Canada, which produces 70% of the world's nickel.
	www.alientravelguide.com /science/chemistr/inorgani/compound/sulphide/pentland.htm (62 words)

	Standards for Microanalysis - Pentlandite - SPI Supplies
		This is a reflected light micrograph of a polished, carbon coated pentlandite crystal.
		The identifying etched label, which is a feature of our standards, is invaluable for navigating in an electron beam instrument.
		Pentlandite is the mineral making up most of the nickel ores in such deposits as occur in the district around Sudbury, Ontario.
	www.2spi.com /catalog/standards/aweb/spi--min/pentlandite.shtml (114 words)

	The platinum-group minerals in the upper section of the Keivitsansarvi Ni-Cu-PGE deposit, northern Finland
		Sulfides consist of intergranular, highly disseminated aggregates mainly made up of pentlandite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite (all showing fine intergrowths), as well as nickeline, maucherite and gersdorffite in some samples.
		This discrepancy results from the fact that a major part of Pd is hidden in solid solution in the structure of gersdorffite, nickeline, maucherite and pentlandite.
		The mineral assemblages and textures of the upper section of the Keivitsansarvi deposit result from the combined effect of serpentinization, hydrothermal alteration and metamorphism of pre-existing, low-grade disseminated Ni–Cu ore formed by the intercumulus crystallization of a small fraction of immiscible sulfide melt.
	pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca /mineral/tcm-37740-2.html (854 words)

	Norilsk
		The main important phenomenon for us rockhounds is that in the lower sections of these differentiated intrusions lay lenses of massive ore. Fine ore particles can be dispersed in the rest of the gabbrodolerite too and some ores occurs in veins.
		Common sulfidic ore minerals are pyrrhotine, pentlandite, chalcopyrite, cubanite, talnakhite, putoranite and mooihoekite.
		Many of these minerals occur only as microscopic inclusions in massive copper and nickel ore. Reflective ore microscopy is needed to find them and often more advanced methods like EDX and microprobe are needed for a positive identification.
	maurice.strahlen.org /siberia/norilsk.htm (744 words)

	Body
		Massive, matrix, and disseminated sulfides, interpreted to be of magmatic origin, are composed of pyrrhotite (the principal species, 75%), pentlandite (altered to bravoite and violarite), chalcopyrite, and pyrite.
		The Lac Volant prospect is similar in terms of composition, style of emplacement, magma type, and age to certain Norwegian deposits (the Ertelian and Flat deposits in the Sveconorwegian Province) and to the Voisey's Bay deposit in Labrador.
		Throughout this section of the reef, the PGM are commonly located at the edge of base-metal sulfides adjacent to serpentine, chlorite and amphibole that form on the edges of silicate grains.
	wwwdsa.uqac.uquebec.ca /~sjbarnes/publications/resume.htm (10254 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		X-ray powder diffraction analyses: The following minerals were found to be unevenly distributed in the samples of the tailings dump: nickelblodite, pyrrhotite, quartz, pentlandite, malachite, chalcopyrite, actinolite, cristobalite, tremolite, kaolinite, mica and albite (figures 2, 3 and 4).
		Samples from the older part of the tailings dump were deprived of pyrrhotite, pentlandite and chalcopyrite.
		Samples of the tailings dump obtained from the sides of the tailings mount were found to contain traces of phyllosilicate minerals such as kaolinite and mica, as well as tremolite, albite and actinolite.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?ja04008 (2959 words)

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