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Topic: Peppered moth taxonomy

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Peppered moth references

Peppered moth ecology

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	Dictionary of Meaning www.mauspfeil.net
		Other moths are commonly regarded as pests because their larvae eat fabric such as clothes and blankets made from natural fibres such as wool.
		It may be moths navigate by maintaining a constant angular relationship to a bright celestial light (such as the moon), but on encountering a bright artificial light it navigates maintaining a constant angle to the light resulting in the moth flying in a spiral until it hits the light source.
		Moths are thus inclined to circle ambient objects in the Mach band region, usually at a radius of about one foot, depending on the species.
	www.mauspfeil.net /Moth.html (742 words)

	Peppered moth - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Starting in 1953, Bernard Kettlewell conducted field experiments on the peppered moth, providing hard evidence that differential bird predation based on relative camouflage was the primary selective force contributing to the different fitnesses of the moth morphs in polluted and unpolluted environments.
		For many readers, it may be enough to know that the peppered moth researchers are still supporting the differential bird predation theory, and that the scientific dissidents are (a) few in number and (b) armchair observers of peppered moth research.
		Peppered moths fall with in the family Geometridae, the geometer or geometric moths; one of the numerous families of Lepidoptera.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Peppered_moth (5461 words)

	Peppered Moth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Moths born with light-colored bodies and wings could become dark colored when mutations caused the darker color to appear on their bodies and wings.
		By attracting the moths to light traps at night, they recaptured some of the moths over the next few nights and counted the number of marked and unmarked moths in their traps.
		When he recaptured the moths, he found that marked light-colored moths were twice as likely to avoid predation by birds in the unpolluted forests.
	genbiol.cbs.umn.edu /peppmoth/peppmoth.html (3111 words)

	Definition of Moth - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Moths, and more particularly their caterpillars are a major agricultural pest in many parts of the world.
		Moths are apparently attracted to light, or more specifically, are known to circle bright objects.
		The silkworm Bombyx mori is the larva of a moth.
	www.biocrawler.com /biowiki/Moth (589 words)

	The world's top peppered moth 1 websites
		The peppered moth (Biston betularia (L.)) is a temperate species of night-flying moth notable for its evolution of industrial melanism.
		In Britain, the peppered moth is univoltine (i.e.
		Later some scientific dissenters have criticised the acceptance of the peppered moth story.
	dirs.org /wiki-article-tab.cfm/peppered_moth_1 (474 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The caterpillar of the Gypsy moth causes severe damage to forests in North East USA, where it is an exotic species.
		Other moths are commonly regarded as pests because their larvae eat fabric such as clothes and blankets made from natural fibers such as wool.
		Especially the Silkworm (the larva of a moth) is farmed for the silk with which it builds its cocoon.
	www.mindwallet.com /wiki/Moth (543 words)

	Ebon Musings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This evidence is all the more conclusive in light of the fact that these errors are found not once, but many times, across many different lineages, creating a pattern that exactly matches in every detail the pattern predicted by common descent.
		The mechanism by which Darwin proposed evolution proceeds, natural selection is a fundamental component of the evolutionary process, and the evidence for its occurrence is too strong for even creationists to deny.
		In a similar example, a multi-year study of the famous "Darwin's finches" of the Galapagos islands demonstrated natural selection at work: In the years following a severe drought, finches with larger, stronger beaks capable of cracking the tougher seeds (which were all that was left) proliferated over less fit varieties.
	www.ebonmusings.org /evolution/evoevidence.html (5734 words)

	Nebraska Scientific - Kits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Duplicate the famous “peppered moth” evolution study in the lab.
		During this experiment, students are the “predators.” They conduct simple quantitative lab exercises using simulated “moths” with nine varying intensities of color, and squares showing varying sizes in environment trays; each in normal distribution.
		Then using the data collected, students will be able to draw conclusions concerning natural selection and relate it directly to the actual phenomena that changed the peppered moth populations.
	www.nebraskascientific.com /store/details.asp?Category=Kits&Page=11 (1017 words)

	Geometer moth - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Geometer moths or Geometridae are a family of the order Lepidoptera.
		A very large family with around 26,000 species described (over 300 of which occur in the British Isles), it notably includes the peppered moth, Biston betularia.
		As such they appear rather butterfly like but in most respects they are typical moths: The overwhelming majority fly at night, they possess a frenulum to link the wings and the antennae of the males are often feathered.
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Geometer_moth (172 words)

	TalkOrigins Archive - Feedback for August 1998
		Natural selection is the controlling factor with the peppered moth "change" and, though part of the theory of evolution, does not prove the whole case.
		The coloration of the peppered moth Biston betularia is determined primarily by a single gene.
		The reader's assertion that any light peppered moth can produce dark offspring is not true; populations of light moths do not have any D alleles with which to form dark offspring.
	www.talkorigins.org /origins/feedback/aug98.html (11580 words)

	Chapter 23 Appendix
		If the peppered moth is the best he can come up with in defense of evolution, surely evolutionists have no case.
		The most commonly-cited example of evolution in progress is the change from light to dark wings on the peppered moth of England.
		While the tree bark was light, the birds ate the dark moths; when the bark darkened from aerial pollution, the light moths were the ones consumed.
	www.godrules.net /evolutioncruncher/a23.htm (3479 words)

	Icon of Obfuscation
		And third, Majerus himself has taken unstaged photos of peppered moths on matching tree trunk backgrounds, and these are not significantly different than staged photos; this eviscerates whatever vestige of a point Wells thinks that he has.
		Majerus' considered opinion is that peppered moths rest more commonly underneath branches than was previously appreciated, and that if this is true then some quantitative estimates of selection coefficients may need to be adjusted.
		Of all the people I know, including both amateur and professional entomologists who have experience of this moth, I know of none who doubts that differential bird predation is of primary importance in the spread and decline of melanism in the peppered moth.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/wells/iconob.html (15422 words)

	Letter P Dictionary of Meaning www.mauspfeil.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Peppered moth Biston betularia betularia f carbonaria small.jpg
		Peppered moth Biston betularia betularia f typica small.jpg
		There you find a list of all editors and the possibility to edit the original text of the article Peppers ghost darkened.jpg.
	www.mauspfeil.net /P_237.html (77 words)

	Recent Problems in Evolution - 1999
		The "evolution" of the peppered moth, Biston betularia, whose story is recounted in almost every textbook on evolution, now appears to be based upon spurious data.
		In its place a mutant, pitch-fl form of the peppered moth began to thrive, as it could rest on tree trunks without fear of being eaten.
		According to Dr. Elizabeth Pennisi, "Every step in evolution, from a darkening of a moth's pigment to the development of the opposable thumb, is caused by a change in molecules.
	www.godandscience.org /evolution/evol1999.html (3775 words)

	DEALING WITH ANTIEVOLUTIONISM
		We can study and understand the workings of evolution using genes, cells, fossils, ecology, taxonomy — you name the biological subfield, and evolution is there.
		Horses and donkeys are similar because they shared a common ancestor quite recently, geologically speaking (in fact, they can still interbreed, though the hybrid is sterile.) The horse/donkey group can be grouped with zebras because it shared a common ancestor with zebras, and so on up through genera, families, orders, classes, and phyla.
		Most of the time taxonomy is taught backwards: organisms are classed together because they are similar.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /fosrec/Scott1.html (2878 words)

	A comparison of specifics
		Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778) was the creationist scientist and the founder of the science of taxonomy who “established the two-part naming system of genus and species.”; “There can be one or many species in a genus, so genus is a higher level of classification.
		Linnaeus also developed the idea of grouping genera (plural of genus) within higher groupings he called orders, and orders within classes.” “Later, other levels of classification were added so that today we have species, genus, family, order, class, phylum and kingdom.
		peppered moths and antibiotic resistance in bacteria, are indeed examples of natural selection.
	www.answersingenesis.org /home/area/flood/ch4.asp (4148 words)

	White moth - educational resources
		IF a leaf rustled, she would start: And yet she died a year ago.
		The Peppered moth is often cited as an example of evolution
		Contact me to correct errors, submit additional links, or make comments on the White moth page.
	animals.mongabay.com /madagascar/White_moth.html (282 words)

	Moth - Unipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Image:Moth.jpgA moth Image:Case moth.jpgCase Moth Image:Case moth02.jpgCase Moth Image:Looper moth.jpgLooper Moth
		The Moth Book: A Guide to the Moths of North America
		Moths of eastern North America (Roger Tory Peterson field guides)
	www.unipedia.info /Moth.html (615 words)

	Misconceptions about Evolution
		White moths, for example, may "evolve" into gray moths.
		The moth to which the disclaimer refers is the famous peppered moth, Biston betularia, studied in England
		During the Industrial Revolution when trees went fl from pollution, the pale colored version of this moth was eaten by birds because it was conspicuous against the fl tree trunks
	www.as.ua.edu /ant/bindon/Evolution_misconceptions/misconceptions.htm (1581 words)

	Bio 110 Test 1 Review
		Evolution: Taxonomy, Natural Selection and Diversity of Organisms
		Kingdoms: List and describe each of the 5 kingdoms of life.
		How does the story of the English Peppered Moth provide an example of evolution through the process of natural selection?
	www.smccd.net /accounts/snitovsky/bio110/t1review110.htm (353 words)

	IBSS - News - Creation/Evolution
		Atheist, agnostic and humanist organisations in the Americas, Europe and Asia are gearing up for a five-year campaign aimed at achieving international recognition of February 12 as "Darwin Day" (Reuters).
		The peppered moth capture rates have been used as if they are evidence that Ketterwell's research was flawed.
		This is soundly refuted by Matt Young's analysis of the original data.
	www.bibleandscience.com /news/2004/creation.htm (10637 words)

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