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Topic: Pepsinogen

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	Stomach - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The cells at the base of these pits are chief cells, responsible for production of pepsinogen, an inactive precursor for pepsin, which degrades proteins.
		Near the top of the pits, closest to the contents of the stomach, there are mucus producing cells called goblet cells that help protect the stomach from self-digestion.
		The hormone gastrin causes an increase in the secretion of HCl, pepsinogen and intrinsic factor from parietal cells in the stomach.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stomach (918 words)

	Structure and development of rabbit pepsinogens. Stage-specific zymogens, nucleotide sequences of cDNAs, molecular ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Pepsinogens F and M were present only at the early postnatal stage, and their level was higher than those of other pepsinogens at this stage.
		Pepsinogens in groups II and III exhibited a high degree of similarity with one another, whereas many substitutions were found in pepsinogen F.
		Northern analysis revealed that the expression of the gene for pepsinogen F was restricted to the early postnatal stage, and the expression of genes for pepsinogens in groups II and III was detected predominantly at later stages, a result that shows the switching of gene expression from fetal pepsinogen to adult pepsinogens during development.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_2129536.html (357 words)

	Pepsin Spot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hydrochloric acid released by the parietal cells converts pepsinogen to pepsin by cleaving off the additional amino acids outside the secreting cell to avoid digestion of the cells of the stomach and pancreas (like all cells, their membranes contain protein).
		In 1929 he isolated and crystallized the gastric enzyme pepsin and determined that it was a protein and in 1938 he isolated and crystallized the first bacteriophage (a small virus that attacks bacteria), and determined that it was a nucleoprotein.
		Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin in a the low pH environment, and the HCl provides a suitable environment for its activity.
	www.pepsinspot.com (2128 words)

	s000911a - Intrinsic Factor Antibody Tests, Sensitivity & Specificity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Advantages of serum pepsinogen A combined with gastrin or pepsinogen C as first-line analytes in the evaluation of suspected cobalamin deficiency: a study in patients previously not subjected to gastrointestinal surgery.
		Title: Advantages of serum pepsinogen A combined with gastrin or pepsinogen C as first-line analytes in the evaluation of suspected cobalamin deficiency: a study in patients previously not subjected to gastrointestinal surgery.
		Serum pepsinogen A combined with pepsinogen C identified 100%, and combined with gastrin 88%, of the patients with gastric body atrophy and elevated metabolite tests, and 67 and 75%, respectively, of those who had not yet developed elevated metabolite tests.
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch00/s000911a.html (3683 words)

	Pepsinogen C: a type 2 cell-specific protease -- Foster et al. 286 (2): 382 -- AJP - Lung Cellular and Molecular ...
		Pepsinogen C is not expressed in preculture human fetal lung, but is expressed in both epithelial cells lining potential airspaces and secreted material within these airspaces.
		Pepsinogen C immunostaining is also localized to type 2 cells with minor cross-reactivity at the cell surfaces of small airways.
		Pepsinogen C expression is rapidly quenched during dedifferentiation of type 2 cells.
	ajplung.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/286/2/L382 (4120 words)

	Pepsin
		This chemical is expressed as a pro-form, pepsinogen with an additional 44 amino acids, which are cleaved off outside the secreting cell, to avoid digestion of cellular proteins.
		Pepsinogens and pepsins - Pepsinogens are secreted in a form such that the activation peptide assumes a compact structure that occludes the active site.
		Characteristics of pepsin from porcine stomach - Conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin, which involves releasing a peptide, may be an autocatalytic process involving self-cleavage by the zymogen.
	www.greatvistachemicals.com /biochemicals/pepsin.html (592 words)

	Tramadol, buy tramadol, antibiotics, Weight Loss drugs, weight loss herbs, weight loss herbal formula, weight loss, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The pepsinogen A isozymogen pattern in gastric mucosa is genetically determined and can be visualized in nondenaturating polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of supernatants of sonified gastric mucosal biopsies by demonstrating proteolytic activity after converting pepsinogen into pepsin by acid.
		Pepsinogen isozymogens are present in very low concentrations in the blood but can now be demonstrated in serum by a newly developed immunoblotting procedure.
		It is concluded that the serum pepsinogen A pattern reflects the pepsinogen A phenotype in humans.
	ultram-online-rx.com /prilosec-online-rx/prilosec-online-rx5.82.html (1286 words)

	Nonselective cation channel as a Ca2+ influx pathway in pepsinogen-secreting cells of bullfrog esophagus -- Kimura et ...
		Pepsinogen secretion was measured by using a perifusion chamber, as previously described (15).
		Pepsinogen was measured using acid-denatured Hb at pH 2.0 as the
		Pepsinogen secretion from perifused frog peptic glands: rapid transients detected with a modified pepsin assay.
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/2/G333 (4023 words)

	e-Gastrointestinal.com:Information about the anatomy & physiology of the GI tract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		These deep tubular glands secrete electrolytes and produce pepsinogen and other proteases at the bottom (chief cells), hydrochloric acid in the neck and body of the gland (parietal cells), and mucous at the neck and opening of the gland.
		Pepsinogen is activated by the removal of a small fragment.
		Histamine is a mediator in the gastrin stimulated release of gastric acid.
	www.e-gastrointestinal.com (2412 words)

	Expression of intrinsic factor and pepsinogen in the rat stomach identifies a subset of parietal cells -- Shao et al. ...
		Expression of intrinsic factor and pepsinogen in the rat stomach identifies a subset of parietal cells -- Shao et al.
		Expression of intrinsic factor and pepsinogen in the rat stomach identifies a subset of parietal cells
		Aspartic proteinases in gastric mucosa of the rat: absence of pepsinogen I, genetic polymorphism of pepsinogen II, and presence of slow-moving proteinase.
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/274/1/G62 (3895 words)

	Cancer Resources—Cancer News, Cancer Conferences, Cancer Causes, Cancer Prevention
		In the 3324 subjects who had normal pepsinogen and were negative for H. pylori antibody at the initial endoscopy, the annual incidence of gastric cancer was 0.04%.
		In the 1082 with atrophic levels of pepsinogen and who were positive for H. pylori antibody, the incidence was 0.35% and the hazard ratio was 6.0.
		In the remaining 443 subjects who had atrophic pepsinogen and were negative for H. pylori antibody, the incidence was 0.60% and the hazard ratio 8.2.
	www.oncolink.upenn.edu /resources/article.cfm?c=3&s=8&ss=23&Year=2005&Month=5&id=11928 (392 words)

	Immunofluorometric assay of pepsinogen C and preliminary clinical applications -- Diamandis et al. 43 (8): 1365 -- ...
		of the breast, pepsinogen C accumulates in cyst fluid (17).
		Pepsinogen C was measured in various fluids and tissue extracts.
		Balbin M, Lopez-Otin C. Hormonal regulation of the human pepsinogen C gene in breast cancer cells: identification of a cis-acting element mediating its induction by androgens, glucocorticoids and progesterone.
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/full/43/8/1365 (3893 words)

	Further study is needed before link between gastroesophageal reflux disorder and otitis media can be firmly established
		Outcomes of the research included measurement of Pepsin/pepsinogen in middle ear fluid: Middle ear fluid samples were examined for the presence of pepsin using a proteolytic enzyme assay and ELISA specific for pepsinogen I. Parents of the children were asked about current symptoms that may be suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux, using validated questionnaires.
		The findings revealed pepsin or pepsinogen in middle ear fluid specimens from children with OME and is consistent with previous research.
		The lack of symptoms associated with reflux disease among the children in this study does not support reflux as the mechanism for pepsin or pepsinogen to be found in the middle ear.
	www.news-medical.net /print_article.asp?id=4876 (821 words)

	Gastric Secretions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This acid is important for activation of pepsinogen and inactivation of ingested microorganisms such as bacteria.
		Pepsinogen, an inactive zymogen, is secreted into gastric juice from both mucous cells and chief cells.
		Once secreted, pepsinogen is activated by stomach acid into the active protease pepsin, which is largely responsible for the stomach's ability to initiate digestion of proteins.
	arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu /hbooks/pathphys/digestion/stomach/secretion.html (284 words)

	Effects of Antacids on Pepsin
		So that pepsin doesn’t digest the cell that makes it, it is synthesized and secreted in an inactive form called pepsinogen.
		Since the pepsinogen and hydrochloric acid are secreted by different cells, they don’t come into contact with each other until they meet in the stomach cavity.
		Once some of the pepsinogen is converted, that starts a chain reaction because pepsin can also trigger formation of more pepsin.
	biology.clc.uc.edu /courses/bio115/pepsin.htm (2205 words)

	Inverse background of Helicobacter pylori antibody and pepsinogen in reflux oesophagitis compared with gastric cancer: ...
		Serum pepsinogens I and II and gastric acid output: effect of gastritis.
		Clinical significance of pepsinogen A isozymogens, serum pepsinogen A and C levels, and serum gastrin levels.
		Serum pepsinogen I and serum gastrin in the screening of severe atrophic corpus gastritis.
	gut.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/49/3/335 (4040 words)

	Isolation and characterization of pepsinogen from Trimeresurus flavoviridis (Habu snake) -- Yonezawa et al. 127 (5): ...
		Isolation and characterization of pepsinogen from Trimeresurus flavoviridis (Habu snake)
		Pepsinogen was isolated from the gastric mucosa of Trimeresurus
		pepsinogen was estimated to be 38 kDa by SDS-PAGE.
	jb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/127/5/755 (315 words)

	Hydrochloric Acid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		While the therapeutic efficacy of oral administration of HCl is still equivocal, largely due to a scarcity of outcome-focused clinical intervention studies, a substantial body of evidence indicates the necessity of proper gastric pH for optimal health.
		Pepsinogen, secreted by the stomach's chief cells (also called zymogen cells), is subsequently converted to pepsin in the stomach's lumen by HCl.
		In the stomach, HCl's primary function is to maintain a sterile environment and to initiate the conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin.
	www.thorne.com /altmedrev/fulltext/hcl.html (4890 words)

	Pepsinogens and Pepsins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		At least 8 isozymes of pepsinogen have been identified in gastric epithelial cells, and these have been categorized into two immunologically-separable types (pepsins A and C).
		Pepsinogens are secreted in a form such that the activation peptide assumes a compact structure that occludes the active site.
		In general, secretion of pepsinogens is coupled to secretion of acid from the parietal cell.
	arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu /hbooks/pathphys/digestion/stomach/pepsin.html (293 words)

	Association of protein kinase A with AKAP150 facilitates pepsinogen secretion from gastric chief cells -- Xie and ...
		Pepsinogen secretion was calculated as the percentage of pepsinogen that was released into the medium during the 15-min incubation after the initial 90-min incubation with lipofectamine.
		Carbachol (1 mM) or A23187 (100 nM) was added for an additional 15-min incubation at 37°C. Pepsinogen secretion was calculated as the percentage of pepsinogen after the 90-min incubation with or without cholera toxin that was released into the medium during the subsequent 15-min incubation.
		Pepsinogen secretion from dispersed chief cells from guinea pig stomach.
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/4/G1051 (4208 words)

	Helicobacter pylori stimulates pepsinogen secretion from isolated human peptic cells -- Lorente et al. 50 (1): 13 -- Gut
		Serum pepsinogens as markers of response to therapy for Helicobacter pylori gastritis.
		Helicobacter pylori infection and serum pepsinogen A, pepsinogen C, and gastrin in gastritis and peptic ulcer: significance of inflammation and effect of bacterial eradication.
		Serum pepsinogen I and II concentrations and IgG antibody to Helicobacter pylori in dyspeptic patients.
	gut.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/50/1/13 (3387 words)

	BIOHIT - Pepsinogen I ELISA
		A protein precursor to pepsin, Pepsinogen I or Pepsinogen A is secreted exclusively by the chief cells of the gastric corpus.
		The levels of Pepsinogen I correlate directly with the active number of chief cells in this area.
		In cases of severe atrophic gastritis of the corpus region, the chief cells will be destroyed and the levels of Pepsinogen I will fall dramatically.
	www.biohit.com /view/products.asp?document_id=647&cat_id= (123 words)

	Effect of N-linked glycosylation on the aspartic proteinase porcine pepsin expressed from Pichia pastoris -- Yoshimasu ...
		Recombinant pepsinogen was diluted to 20 nM in 20 mM Tris–HCl
		James, M.N.G. and Sielecki, A.R. (1986) Molecular structure of an aspartic proteinase zymogen, porcine pepsinogen, at 1.8 Å resolution.
		Pedersen, V.B. and Foltmann, B. (1973) The amino acid sequence of a hitherto unobserved segment from porcine pepsinogen preceding the N-terminus of pepsin.
	glycob.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/14/5/417 (6943 words)

	OUTPUT from blastx for 5009-0-58-G08 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		(AB047246) pepsinogen A [Canis familiaris] 70 1e-11 spP00793PEPA_CHICK PEPSIN A PRECURSOR >gi67673pirPECH...
		pepsinogen 2 [tuna, Peptide, 360 aa] 65 7e-10 gbAAG47643.1AF275939_1 (AF275939) progastricsin [Salvelin...
		pepsinogen A [turtles, Peptide, 361 aa] 64 9e-10 pirA39314 gastricsin (EC 3.4.23.3) precursor - bullfrog >...
	cbr-rbc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca /reith/tetra/tetra5/5009-0-58-G08.html (783 words)

	Cellular Expression of Gut Chitinase mRNA in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Mice and Chickens -- Suzuki et al. 50 (8): ...
		Gut chitinase and pepsinogen C mRNA expression in the proximal part of the pyrolic antrum in an adult mouse.
		Pepsinogen mRNA expression at PD 16 (Fig 6B, adjacent section to Fig 6A) shows the same intensity as seen in adults.
		In contrast, fully intense expression for pepsinogen C mRNA is seen even at birth (PD 0; Fig 8).
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/50/8/1081 (3639 words)

	Extracellular calcium acts as a "third messenger" to regulate enzyme and alkaline secretion -- Caroppo et al. 166 (1): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Peak pepsinogen release was calculated as percentage of total pepsin activity.
		Sections were treated with an affinity-purified mAb against human pepsinogen I and with fluorescein-conjugated goat anti–mouse IgG.
		of pepsinogen (from 2.26 to 2.27 mg/ml; n = 2).
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/166/1/111 (5815 words)

	Enzyme Lab - Ex. 4
		Pepsinogen, is secreted by gastric glands of the stomach into the stomach.
		There, in the acid environment of the stomach, pepsinogen is converted into pepsin.
		Although both pepsin and trypsin are proteases, they require quite different conditions of acidity and alkalinity for their action.
	samson.kean.edu /~breid/enzyme/enzyme.html (1820 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Antibody 8102 can be used in solid-phase immunometric assays for specific determinations of human pepsinogen II.
		This antibody forms a suitable sandwich pair with monoclonal pepsinogen II antibody 8101.
		Purified antibody is available at a concentration of 1 mg/ml in citrate-phosphate-NaCl buffer pH 6.0, with 0.1% sodium azide as a preservative.
	www.biospacific.com /datasheets/M8102.HTM (117 words)

	Lysine-based Structure Responsible for Selective Mannose Phosphorylation of Cathepsin D and Cathepsin L Defines a ...
		Glycosylated human pepsinogen cDNA (mPep1,2) in the sp64 vector (Promega) (7) was excised and transferred to pED4L as follows.
		For pepsinogen, the medium containing the secreted protein was subjected to SDS-PAGE, and the amount of phosphorylation relative to the amount of protein was determined by cutting the pepsinogen band from the gel and quantitating the
		H ratio for pepsinogen (expressed as a percentage relative to wild type procathepsin D) is shown.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/273/33/21067 (7401 words)

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