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Topic: Peptide nucleic acid

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	Antisense and antigene properties of peptide nucleic acids -- Hanvey et al. 258 (5087): 1481 -- Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are polyamide oligomers that can strand invade duplex DNA, causing displacement of one DNA strand and formation of a D-loop.
		Unwinding of nucleic acids by HCV NS3 helicase is sensitive to the structure of the duplex.
		Peptide nucleic acid-targeted mutagenesis of a chromosomal gene in mouse cells.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/abstract/258/5087/1481 (1203 words)

	PNA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		PNA is peptide nucleic acid, a chemical similar to DNA or RNA but differing in the composition of its "backbone." PNA is not known to occur naturally in existing life on Earth but is artificially synthesized and used in some biological research and medical treatments.
		PNAs are depicted like peptides, with the N-terminus at the first (left) position and the C-terminus at the right.
		Synthetic peptide nucleic acid oligomers have been used in recent years in molecular biology procedures, diagnostic assays and antisense therapies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/PNA (541 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Furthermore, the use only of the twenty naturally occurring amino acids is limited by the possibility that a peptide that is potentially useful as a therapeutic agent may be quickly degraded or otherwise inactivated upon administration to a patient due, for example, to proteases present in the patient.
		The peptide modifying agent is selected based on the particular functional group to be modified, as well as the resulting change desired, and is further selected on the basis of its being substantially inert to portions of the nucleic acid-peptide fusion molecule other than the functional group or groups to be modified.
		The nucleic acid is translationally linked to the peptide using a peptide acceptor, which is present at or near the 3'end of the encoding nucleic acid and can be added to the C-terminus of a growing polypeptide chain by the catalytic activity of a ribosomal peptidyl transferase.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=03/89454.031030&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (7943 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The peptide-based nucleic acid surrogate of claim 1, wherein the secondary structure is an alpha-helical structure.
		The peptide-based nucleic acid surrogate of claim 1, wherein B is a purine nucleobase selected from the group consisting of adenine, 6-chloro-2- aminopurine and guanine.
		The peptide-based nucleic acid surrogate of claim 12, wherein B is a purine nucleobase selected from the group consisting of adenine, 6- chloro-2-aminopurine and guanine.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=01/14398.010301&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4524 words)

	Formulations for Natural and Peptide Nucleic Acids Based on Cationic Polymeric Submicron Particles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It is evident that increasing the weight ratio between submicron particles and nucleic acid leads to a progressive increase in the nonmigrating bands, indicating the complexation of the employed molecules to submicron particles.
		Peptide nucleic acids (PNA): oligonucleotide analogues with an achiral peptide backbone.
		Modified peptide nucleic acids are internalized in mouse macrophages RAW 264.7 and inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase.
	www.aapspharmsci.org /view.asp?art=ps060102 (4610 words)

	Improved PCR Amplification of VNTR Locus D1S80 Using PNA (Peptide Nucleic Acid) Oligomers
		PNA mimics DNA in terms of its ability to recognize and bind to complementary nucleic acid sequences but does so with higher thermal stability and specificity than corresponding oligodeoxynucleotides.
		To accomplish this the PNA had to anneal to its target sequence at a relatively high temperature and yet be destabilized enough at extension temperatures to be displaced by the polymerase.
		Peptide nucleic acid enhancement of the PCR process appears to occur during later rounds of amplification.
	www.promega.com /geneticidproc/ussymp6proc/demers.htm (2851 words)

	A Novel Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification
		Herein is disclosed another isothermal nucleic acid amplification which results is a spatially localized product, which due to the lack of topological constraints inherent in rolling circle amplification, may have greatest utility.
		Distinctly from rolling circle amplification, herein the nucleic acid hybridized to the affixed primer is linear.
		Herein the modification is a peptide nucleic acid sequence (hatched section).
	wbabin.net /saba/saba17.htm (816 words)

	News & Features: Insights into peptide nucleic acid (PNA) structural features: The crystal structure..
		Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are oligonucleotide analogues in which the sugar-phosphate backbone has been replaced by a pseudopeptide skeleton.
		From the substantial similarity between the PNA conformation in LPD and the conformations observed in other PNA structures, it can be concluded that PNAs possess intrinsic conformational preferences for the P-helix, and that their flexibility is rather restricted.
		The conformational rigidity of PNAs is enhanced by the presence of the chiral centers, limiting the ability of PNA strands to adopt other conformations and, ultimately, increasing the selectivity in molecular recognition.
	www.iscid.org /boards/ubb-get_topic-f-1-t-000128.html (278 words)

	Publications
		Recognition of double-stranded DNA by Peptide Nucleic Acid P.Wittung, P. Nielsen, B. NordÈn, Nucleotides and Nucleosides, 1997, 16, 5-6, 599-602.
		PNA recognition of double-stranded DNA P. Wittung-Stafshede, in Structure, Mobility, Interaction and Expression of Biological Macromolecules (Eds: Sarma and Sarma) Adenine Press 1998, pp 133-137.
		Peptide Nucleic Acids P Wittung-Stafshede, B Norden in Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology (Ed Thomas Creighton), 2000, 1801-1808.
	www-bioc.rice.edu /pernilla/publications.htm (2302 words)

	Double duplex invasion by peptide nucleic acid: A general principle for sequence-specific targeting of double-stranded ...
		Nucleic Acids Res., December 23, 2005; 33(22): 7129 - 7137.
		Nucleic Acids Res., September 1, 2001; 29(17): 3674 - 3684.
		Nucleic Acids Res., September 1, 2000; 28(17): 3332 - 3338.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/96/21/11804 (759 words)

	Ny side 1
		Peptide nucleic acids (PNA) is a DNA mimic that bind very efficiently and with high sequence specificity to desired targets in double stranded DNA.
		Mologni L, Marchesi E, Nielsen PE, Gambacorti-Passerini C.:Inhibition of promyelocytic leukemia (PML)/retinoic acid receptor-alpha and PML expression in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells by anti-PML peptide nucleic acid.
		Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) binds to the DNA double helix by a unique mechanism, where two PNAs bind to one DNA strand while the other DNA strand is displaced.
	www.imbg.ku.dk /CBR/cbrprojects.htm (1444 words)

	The Armitage Group - Hybridization of Peptide Nucleic Acid Probes to Structured DNA and RNA Targets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		hybridize) to complementary sequences in DNA and RNA is the basis for nucleic acid diagnostics, genomics analyses and antisense/antigene therapy.
		We are currently studying model systems in which we quantitatively analyze the kinetics and thermodynamics of hybridization involving peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes and structured targets such as hairpins and quadruplexes (Figure 3).
		PNA is a synthetic mimic of DNA in which the natural nucleobases are appended to a polyamide backbone (Figure 4).
	www.chem.cmu.edu /groups/army/research/probes.html (299 words)

	A Novel Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification
		Herein is disclosed another isothermal nucleic acid amplification which results is a spatially localized product, which due to the lack of topological constraints inherent in rolling circle amplification, may have greatest utility.
		Distinctly from rolling circle amplification, herein the nucleic acid hybridized to the affixed primer is linear.
		Herein the modification is a peptide nucleic acid sequence (hatched section).
	www.wbabin.net /saba/saba17.htm (816 words)

	Targeting peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers to mitochondria within cells by conjugation to lipophilic cations: ...
		Targeting peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers to mitochondria within cells by conjugation to lipophilic cations: implications for mitochondrial DNA replication, expression and disease -- Muratovska et al.
		PNAs to mitochondria by conjugation to the triphenylphosphonium
		The precursor PNAs are marked with an asterisk, the ph–PNA conjugates with an arrow and the polarity of electrophoresis is shown.
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/29/9/1852 (6412 words)

	Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA)
		Use of PNA (peptide nucleic acid) for Mycobacteria DNA purification prior to diagnostic PCR.
		PNA Diagnostics The use of PNA Capture Probes for the Efficient Purification of Nucleic Acids from Clinical Samples.
		Eric Wickstrom Laboratory Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics.
	www.highveld.com /pna.html (628 words)

	Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Assay Using Peptide Nucleic Acid Probes for Differentiation between Tuberculous and ...
		PNA probe in the Thai study was due to a relatively high prevalence
		PNA probes were designed with due regard to secondary structures.
		The use of nucleic acid analogues in diagnostics and analytical procedures.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/37/9/2760 (3551 words)

	[No title]
		The term Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) now refers to a large number of nucleic acid mimics based on a synthetic amino acid monomer unit.
		, “A Sulfonic Acid Analog of Peptide Nucleic Acid”, Synlett 2001, 10, 1626-1628.
		We have been interested in synthesizing and investigating PNAs that are covalently locked into various shapes for their ability to tightly bind complementary nucleic acids.
	publish.uwo.ca /~rhhudson/Research.htm (708 words)

	Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) Conformation and Polymorphism in PNA-DNA and PNA-RNA Hybrids -- Almarsson and Bruice 90 ...
		Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) Conformation and Polymorphism in PNA-DNA and PNA-RNA Hybrids -- Almarsson and Bruice 90 (20): 9542 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) Conformation and Polymorphism in PNA-DNA and PNA-RNA Hybrids
		Energy-minimized structures of Watson-Crick base-paired decameric duplexes of PNA with A-, B-, and Z-DNA and A-RNA polymorphs indicate that the inherent stability of the complementary PNA helical structures is derived from interresidue, rather than from intraresidue, hydrogen bonds in all hybrids studied.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/90/20/9542 (438 words)

	Peptide nucleic acid (PNA): its medical and biotechnical applications and promise for the future -- RAY and ...
		PNAs hybridize to complementary DNA and RNA sequences in a sequence-dependent
		PNA as an antigene agent is that the strand invasion or the
		PNA oligomers that are complementary to the RNA primer binding
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/14/9/1041 (4848 words)

	Evaluation of a Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Assay for Differentiation between Tuberculous and Nontuberculous ...
		Genotypic identification of mycobacteria by nucleic acid sequence determination: report of a 2-year experience in a clinical laboratory.
		Evaluation of a fluorescence hybridization assay using peptide nucleic acid probes for identification and differentiation of tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria in liquid cultures.
		Fluorescence in situ hybridization assay using peptide nucleic acid probes for differentiation between tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacterium species in smears of mycobacterium culture.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/39/3/1032 (2726 words)

	Peptide Nucleic Acid PNA Conjugates Custom PNA Synthesis Custom PNA Chimera Custom PNA Synthesis
		Unlike DNA or DNA analogs, this peptide-like DNA structures have the ability to form extremely stable complexes with complementary DNA oligomers and resistance to hydrolytic reactions and, thus, not expected to be degraded inside a living cell.
		The impressive property of PNA's are their ability to form extremely stable complexes with complementary DNA oligomers.
		This stability suggests PNA's are superior reagents in antisense and antigen applications, and creates other uses for which sequence specific but thermally stable complexes are required.
	www.biosyn.com /PNA_overview.aspx (226 words)

	Nanotechnology: Thirty Essential Studies - #5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Nucleic acids fold and self-assemble into predictable three-dimensional shapes.
		Several families of nucleic acid polymer are being investigated, including DNA, RNA, and PNA (peptide nucleic acid).
		DNA is fairly weak; PNA is stronger but has less chemistry developed to handle it; DNA with polyamide backbone has already been demonstrated.
	www.crnano.org /study5.htm (733 words)

	Improved in situ detection method for telomeric tandem repeats in metaphase spreads and interphase nuclei -- Uhlmann et ...
		Figure 2 Peptide nucleic acid in situ hybridisation (PNA-ISH) telomere repeat assay of an interphase nucleus showing discrete intranuclear localisation of telomeric signals (for accurate counting an automated microscope should be used for planar focusing).
		Figure 3 Peptide nucleic acid in situ hybridisation (PNA-ISH) telomere assay in interphase nuclei: fluorescent versus chromogenic detection (insert).
		Peptide nucleic acids (PNA): a novel approach to sequence selective recognition of double-stranded DNA.
	mp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/53/1/48 (1652 words)

	Peptide - MPID home page
		This tutorial covers the basics of peptide and protein structure and consists of four parts:.
		VIP is a 28-amino acid peptide structurally related to secretin.
		It was originally isolated from intestinal extracts and shown to be a potent vasodilator.
	spiderarea.com /q/peptide.htm (197 words)

	A peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is more rapidly internalized in cultured neurons when coupled to a retro-inverso delivery ...
		A peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is more rapidly internalized in cultured neurons when coupled to a retro-inverso delivery peptide.
		peptide are powerful antisense reagents for use on cells in culture.
		Nucleic Acids Res., December 15, 2001; 29(24): 5099 - 5106.
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/26/21/4910 (583 words)

	Nucleic acid - Nucleic acid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In a nucleic acid chain, two nucleotides are linked by a phosphodiester bond, However, the whole nucleic acid chain is usually synthesized by RNA
		Nucleic Acids, extremely complex molecules produced by living cells and viruses.
		Nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) are well known for their roles in storing and transferring genetic information inside cells.
	www.sbbbs.com /?q=nucleic-acid (171 words)

	A Nucleic Acid Triple Helix Formed by a Peptide Nucleic Acid-DNA Complex -- Betts et al. 270 (5243): 1838 -- Science
		The crystal structure of a nucleic acid triplex reveals a helix, designated P-form, that differs from previously reported nucleic acid structures.
		The triplex consists of one polypurine DNA strand complexed to a polypyrimidine hairpin peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and was successfully designed to promote Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen base pairing.
		Peptide nucleic acid (PNA): its medical and biotechnical applications and promise for the future.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/abstract/270/5243/1838 (599 words)

	Journal of Manufacturing Systems: Expeditious identification and quantification of mycobacteria species in metalworking ...
		It is shown that both epi-fluorescence microscopy and FCM can be utilized in conjunction with the PNA probes to specifically identify M. parafortuitum among a mixed microbial community in MWF.
		In addition, the use of FCM for quantification of M. parafortuitum is demonstrated, and important considerations for applying FCM in the field are described.
		This is in part because mycobacteria have a highly hydrophobic cell wall composed of mycolic acid that permits the species to withstand adverse physical conditions (such as heat, acidity, salinity), including the application of phenol (Madigan et al.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3685/is_200301/ai_n9236284 (1304 words)

	Profile
		Cell-type-specific peptide analogs are being synthesized to enable cell-type-specific uptake, hybridization, and steric blocking activity of peptide nucleic acids.
		Hydroxyprolyl/phosphono peptide nucleic acid inhibition of ccnd1 mRNA in developing zebrafish embryos: developmental consequences of cyclin D1 reduction.
		Basu S, Wickstrom E, Synthesis and characterization of a peptide nucleic acid conjugated to a D-peptide analog of insulin-like growth factor 1 for increased cellular uptake.
	myprofile.cos.com /wickstre59 (3985 words)

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