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Topic: Peptide synthesis

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	Peptide Synthesis
		With peptide synthesis, it is a good idea to contact us before the synthesis is performed to discuss your peptide and the probablility of success in the synthesis.
		The general scheme of solid phase peptide synthesis is illustrated in Figure 1.
		After the peptide is cleaved from teh resin, the resin is washed away and the peptide is extracted with ether to remove unwanted materials such as the scavengers usedin the cleavage reaction.
	www.biotech.iastate.edu /facilities/protein/synthesis.html (594 words)

	Peptide Synthesis
		Peptides are complex molecules and each peptide sequence is unique with regard to its chemical and physical properties.
		Peptides are slowly degraded particularly the cysteine-containing peptides are oxidized over time at -20°C. The water content of a given peptide powder varies depending on sequence of the peptide, storage conditions, handling, and other factors.
		Maintain peptide in an oxygen-free environment as peptides having cysteine, methionine, trypophan, glutamine, and asparagine residues are susceptible to oxidation and have reduced self-life.
	www.lerner.ccf.org /services/molecbiotech/peptide.php (1164 words)

	Peptide Synthesis
		Peptides are synthesized utilizing the FMOC chemistry and is performed using an automated Applied Biosystems 432A peptide synthesizer, also known as the Synergy.
		The peptide is washed 3 times with MTBE in order to remove the protection groups and to neutralize any leftover acidity.
		The purity of the peptide is further monitored by mass spectrometry and in some case by amino acid analysis and sequencing.
	www.biochem.mcw.edu /protein_facility/peptide_synthesis.html (449 words)

	The Synthesis Group -- Peptide Synthesis
		Regardless of the specific application, all that is required from the investigator to initiate peptide synthesis is the sequence of the desired peptide and an account number.
		Since the peptides synthesized by the PDTC often form the basis for months and years of research and publications, we strongly believe that stringent quality control is an essential component of the synthesis process.
		Post-cleavage adduct formation, salt complexing, deletion peptides, and incomplete deprotection during cleavage, continue to be problematic for all peptide synthesis labs.
	pdtc.rockefeller.edu /syn/psyninfo.html (1539 words)

	SPF: Peptide Synthesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Fmoc chemistry as it applies to solid phase peptide synthesis, is as simple in theory as in its application.
		All peptides synthesized are routinely analyzed by reverse phase HPLC and Mass Spectrometry.
		For peptides that contain one or more cysteine residues, it is not uncommon to obtain multiple peaks on an HPLC chromatogram due to oxidation of the sulfhydryls.
	cmgm.stanford.edu /pan/pepsyn (854 words)

	Selection of papers on solid phase peptide synthesis published after 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Solid phase peptide synthesis was invented by Bruce Merrifield in 1963 and became very quickly the routine tool for preparation of peptides and later small proteins.
		Synthesis of epoxy peptidomimetics, inhibitors of cysteine proteases.
		Grafted cross-linked polyolefin substrates for peptide synthesis and assays.
	www.5z.com /divinfo/spps.html (15611 words)

	Peptide Synthesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Two scales of synthesis are available; the standard scale giving 10 mg of purified material in two weeks (for a straightforward peptide) and a large scale for amounts up to 20 to 60 mg.
		The large scale synthesis is used when larger quantities of peptide are needed and for difficult syntheses.
		The correctness of the synthesis and purity are determined by mass spectrometry.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /internet/biomolec/pepsyn.cfm (264 words)

	Peptide Sequencing and Synthesis
		When peptides and proteins larger than 20 to 40 amino acid units are to be sequenced, they are first broken into smaller fragments either by chemical or enzymatic partial hydrolysis.
		Of course, angiotensin II (a peptide involved in blood pressure regulation) is small enough that a protein sequenator could give its sequence directly, but the example illustrates the way fragments may be overlapped to give a complete sequence for a larger protein.
		When we are thinking of a peptide's sequence it is convenient to think of it as a chain which is stretched out, peptides are more commonly coiled (alpha helix, Brown p 518) or folded (beta sheet, Brown p 519).
	chemistry2.csudh.edu /rpendarvis/AmAcSeqSyn.html (1592 words)

	Enzymatic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Although well-established approaches to synthetic peptide chemistry have been successful in making peptides and small proteins of biological and pharmaceutical interest, synthetic methodology is still in need of innovative strategies based on suitable peptide ligases.
		Improvements in the synthesis of guanidino- and amidinophenyl esters and their application in trypsin-catalyzed synthesis [19] initiated an extension of this strategy to other arginine-specific proteases like thrombin and clostripain [20].
		Enzymatic peptide synthesis can be achieved with commercially available proteases which are easily to handle and due to the application in catalytic amount the costs are mostly not significantly higher in comparison with highly sophisticated chemical coupling reagents.
	www.sigmaaldrich.com /Brands/Fluka___Riedel_Home/Organic___Synthetic/Peptide_Synthesis/Enzymatic.html (1510 words)

	GLP Peptide Synthesis
		Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) is based on sequential addition of alpha-amino and side chain protected amino acid residues to an insoluble polymeric support.
		Synthesis is performed by stepwise addition of activated amino acids to the solid support starting from the carboxy terminus to the amino terminus.
		At the end of the synthesis the peptide is cleaved off the resin by reagent R and subjected to multiple ether extractions.
	www.pitt.edu /~rsup/glp.html (301 words)

	Custom Peptide Synthesis FAQs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		When we see a very hydrophobic peptide sequence, the customer will be called not only to discuss the difficulties in manufacturing the desired peptide, but also to insure that the customer will be able to utilize the peptide given the need for large amounts of organic solvents in order to make the peptide soluble.
		We recommend that you first attempt to solubilize a small portion of the peptide to insure that all of the peptide is not put into an inappropriate solvent.
		For all peptides, the Certificate of Analysis will indicate a preferred method of solubilization, however after the final lyophilization and dependent upon your particular requirements, you may find it necessary to take other action to solubilize your peptide.
	www.21stcenturybio.com /custom_services/cust_pep/faqs/solubilize_peptides.shtml (658 words)

	Peptide Synthesis
		Peptides can be labeled with a variety of groups including biotin, fluorescein and rhodamine derivatives.
		Peptide purification is available with a choice of two levels of purity, >70% and >95%.
		The cost for synthesis (without purification) or synthesis and purification to the are detailed in the chart below as a cost per amino acid.
	www.umm.edu /cancer/research/biopoly_peptide.html (235 words)

	News in brief: Combined effort reveals beads
		Separating the wheat from the chaff in combinatorial peptide synthesis is still a major problem, especially when using solid-state resin beads in which high-throughput screening generates many hits.
		Pei and colleagues have developed a method in which a peptide library is synthesized on a solid support without tagging or partial chain termination.
		The peptides on the positive beads are subjected to partial Edman degradation, resulting in a peptide ladder that is analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS; J.
	pubs.acs.org /subscribe/journals/mdd/v04/i07/html/07news2.html (307 words)

	Peptide Synthesis
		In the majority of cases, peptides are purified to the required specification by techniques including gel filtration, ion exchange, and reversed-phase and ion exchange high performance liquid chromatography (hplc).
		High purity peptides (>95%) are prepared by the most appropriate route for the structure and quantity required and undergo rigorous purification prior to despatch.
		Peptide purity is assessed by reversed phase, and additionally in some cases by cation exchange, high performance liquid chromatography and is stated as the percentage of the total peak area of the major peak.
	www.affiniti-res.com /pacenew2.htm (780 words)

	Peptide Synthesis Facility
		ABOUT US The MPRC Peptide Synthesis Facility, formerly known as The Protein Core, was established as a shared research resource on the Mayo Rochester campus in 1984.
		The facility provides services in peptide synthesis to Mayo investigators and also conducts research and development of new methods in the field of solid phase peptide synthesis.
		He has published over 110 peer-reviewed publications in the field of protein structure analysis, and in the application of peptide synthesis to examine the structural function of protein ligands, receptors, and T-cell epitopes.
	mayoresearch.mayo.edu /mayo/research/peptide (360 words)

	Inhibition of Collagenase with Triple Helical Peptide Mimics
		This project will: consist of the synthesis of triple-helical collagen substrate analogs and peptide followed by their purification, characterization, and verification of inhibition, and structure determination of collagenases with verified inhibitors.
		Typical phosphinate collagen substrate analog to be prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis.
		Hammer’s expertise of peptide synthesis, Fields’ knowledge of MMP inhibition, and Newcomer’s protein crystallography skills will be combined in a new research direction which will ultimately yield a variety of inhibitors of collagenase and insight into the structural determinants of collagenase substrate recognition.
	macro.lsu.edu /igert/ResearchDescriptionsAsWordDocuments/johnwhitehead/inhibition_of_collagenase_with_t.htm (1776 words)

	Peptide Synthesis and Purification, UIUC Biotechnology Center
		Automated solid phase peptide synthesis using new, state-of-the-art instrumentation (Rainin Symphony) and new procedures adjusted to characteristics of each individual peptide
		Linear peptides as well as cyclic and modified peptides are synthesized routinely in our peptide laboratory.
		Peptides are delivered desalted and lyophilized with complete quality control data and specific instructions for storage and handling.
	www.biotec.uiuc.edu /centers/Proteomics/Proteinscience/peptide.htm (221 words)

	Peptide Synthesis - Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		LSUHSC Core Labs offers custom peptide synthesis with a wide variety of purity levels, scales and modifications to best fit your research needs.
		Peptides are shipped overnight freeze dried with quality control data.
		Peptides are normally shipped within 2-4 weeks of receiving the order.
	www.core.lsuhsc.edu /peptide.htm (247 words)

	Peptide Synthesis for Members of the OCMG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Peptide Synthesis for Members of the OCMG and their Scientific Collaborators
		The costs of synthesis will be provided to the client before any work is undertaken.
		Following successful synthesis the peptide will be cleaved from the resin, dried, and dissolved in a liquid so that lyophilization can be done.
	w3.ouhsc.edu /biochem/ocmg/lab.htm (512 words)

	"Classical" Papers in Molecular Diversity and Solid Phase Synthesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Geysen, H.M., Meloen, R.H., and Barteling, S.J. Use of peptide synthesis to probe viral antigens for epitopes to a resolution of a single amino acid.
		Houghten, R.A. General method for the rapid solid-phase synthesis of large numbers of peptides: Specificity of antigen-antibody interaction at the level of individual amino acids.
		Plunkett, M.J., Ellman, J.A. A silicon-based linker for traceless solid-phase synthesis.
	www.5z.com /divinfo/classics.html (2389 words)

	PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS WORKSHOP
		This committee was formed to evaluate the quality of the synthetic methods utilized in its ~ 130 member laboratories that are engaged in the synthesis and structural analysis of peptides.
		Thus, the respective cleavage conditions of Fmoc and Boc solid-phase peptide synthesis were the primary source of synthetic difficulties for the 1991 test peptide, since non-desired products were not deletions or truncations but rather the result of incomplete deprotections and/or other covalent modifications.
		Our experience in these studies suggests that peptide synthesis is susceptible to a variety of side-reactions, and that efficient characterization of synthetic peptides is best obtained by a combination of AAA, RP-HPLC, and MS, with sequencing by either Edman degradation or tandem MS being used to identify the positions of modifications and deletions.
	www.abrf.org /ABRFNews/1993/September1993/sep93apsws.html (1243 words)

	Shared Resources - Proteomics - Peptide Synthesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The resource has added a new peptide synthesizer to meet increased demands for peptide synthesis.
		Our goal is to obtain a peptide at a 70% maximum purity, with a two-week turnaround time.
		These may include synthesis failures, HPLC separation difficulties, the complexity of peptides submitted, equipment breakdowns, and the demand for services.
	www.fhcrc.org /science/shared_resources/proteomics/peptide_synthesis (240 words)

	Biomol - Biomolecules for Research Success (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		By remaining at the forefront of synthetic developments, BIOMOL is well-positioned to use the latest and most appropriate methodology for the synthesis of a required peptide.
		The quality of a peptide is affected by the skill and efficiency that goes into each of the constituent operations of its preparation, namely synthesis, purification and analysis.
		There is an increasing requirement for peptides that are specifically phosphorylated on serine, threonine or tyrosine residues, or acetylated on lysine residues.
	www.peptides.com /synthesis_pe.htm (478 words)

	Peptide Synthesis: Custom peptide synthesis services from AnaSpec
		As a result, when assisting you with your peptide needs, we have years of experience to draw from to provide you with optimal solutions.
		Most of the peptides are purified by HPLC using reverse phase C4 and C18 columns.
		AnaSpec is equipped with state-of-the-art automated peptide synthesizers capable of performing syntheses ranging from small (0.025 mmol) to large (50 mmol) scale.
	www.anaspec.com /services/peptide.asp (411 words)

	Chemical & Engineering News: Latest News - Peptide Synthesis Reinvented
		Chemical protein synthesis is important for dissecting the molecular basis of protein function and for protein-inspired nanofabrication, but it has been hampered by limitations in the available synthetic reactions, Kent notes.
		The reaction is "creative and unexpected," says chemistry professor Samuel H. Gellman of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, a specialist in the synthesis of β-peptides and peptide-inspired foldamers.
		The discovery "opens the prospect of the reaction being used for peptide coupling and other fragment condensations, which is still a huge challenge in syntheses of longer polypeptides and proteins," Gellman adds.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/news/84/i05/8405notw1.html (532 words)

	Peptide Resource Page: peptide reagents, peptide synthesis, custom peptides
		Founded in 2004, the PRP is designed to help researchers and educators navigate through the maze of peptide related websites.
		Search our pages to find peptide synthesis reagents, custom peptide suppliers, peptide property calculators, and much more.
		The Peptide Resource Page is your complete guide to peptide research and suppliers.
	www.peptideresource.com (100 words)

	Fluorous Peptide Synthesis
		Fluorous chemistry is the first new orthogonal phase available for peptide synthesis since the introduction of resin in the 1960's.
		For example, peptides containing 16-35 amino acids were produced using this strategy with purities of 94-98% using fluorous HPLC and up to 91% using F-SPE.
		Marcin Markowicz and Roman Dembinski of Oakland University report the use of a fluorous CDMT coupling reagent in the synthesis and purification of peptides produced by solution-phase techniques.
	fluorous.com /peptides.html (443 words)

	BioSyn: DNA Synthesis, Peptide, Organic Synthesis, Life Science Products, Custom Synthesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This unique peptide nucleic acid structure replace natural nucleic acid sugar phosphate backbone with a synthetic peptide backbone by forming from N-(2-aminoethyl)-glycine units and different bases (purines and pyrimidines) are linked to the backbone by methylene carbonyl linkages, resulting in an achiral and uncharged mimic.
		Unlike DNA or DNA analogs, this peptide "like" DNA structure does not contain any pentose sugar or phosphate groups, the resulting structure is chemically stable and resistance to hydrolytic reactions and, thus, not expected to be degraded inside living cells.
		Pseudo peptide nucleic acids are capable of sequence specific recognitions of DNA and RNA.
	www.biosyn.com /new_popup.htm (227 words)

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