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Topic: Peramangk

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	Peramangk - Hahnwiki
		A splinter group of the Peramangk nation were known as the 'Merrimayanna', and lived in a semi-permanent campsite in the eastern Barossa Region.
		Norman Tindale in his various interviews with Peramangk descendents recorded the names of at least 8 family groups; the Poonawatta to the west of Mt Crawford, the Tarrawatta and Yira-Ruka (Wiljani)whose worta (lands) extended to the east down as far as Mt Torrens and Mannum.
		A soon to be published book ‘Peramangk culture and rock art in the Mt Lofty Ranges of SA’, written by Robin Coles covers the known history of the Peramangk and their culture, myths and legends, use of fungi and plants, and their rock art in the Mount Lofty ranges, and includes over 160 colour pictures.
	hahndorf.soho.on.net /hahnwiki/Peramangk (1560 words)

	The Adelaide Review : Archives
		The Peramangk exchanged tool-making quartz, possum skins and good canoe bark, for the light whippy spear-shafts of mallee brought to them by the Lake Alexandrina tribes, the Portaulun and the Jarildekald.
		The Peramangk originally thought the colonists were the ghosts of their own people, but the ghosts stayed, and the Peramangk were swiftly pushed out from this prime land in the hills.
		The Peramangk told the European settlers that in this part of the world there was a 12-year cycle; seven years of drought, followed by five of rain.
	www.adelaidereview.com.au /archives.php?subaction=showfull&id=1182473921&archive=1183682044&start_from=&ucat=2& (970 words)

	Onkaparinga Institute of TAFE
		The Peramangk people lived on the eastern side of the Adelaide Hills in the district surrounding Mount Barker.
		The Peramangk lived in the strip of country running north from Mount Barker to the Angaston district.
		There was some trading between the Peramangk and the Aboriginal people from the Lake Alexandrina region, with them supplying supple whip-stick mallee spears in return for large red gum bark sheets for their canoes.
	www2.tafe.sa.edu.au /institutes/onkaparinga/aboutus/regional_history.html (1376 words)

	District Council of Mount Barker - Laratinga Wetlands
		The Laratinga Wetland, constructed in 1999, is a District Council of Mount Barker development, located in Mt Barker in the beautiful Adelaide Hills of South Australia.
		The Aboriginal Peramangk peoples' name for the Mt Barker Creek is Laratinga.
		The main function of the wetland is to filter "A Class" water from the nearby effluent treatment plant.
	www.dcmtbarker.sa.gov.au /site/page.cfm?u=316 (332 words)

	Karra Yerta Wines - Discover - History
		The Kaurna tribe (from which language we named our winery "Karra Yerta") were from the Adelaide Plains but had links to the Barossa with their mythology of how the Mt Lofty Ranges were formed.
		During the cold, wet winter months when hunting and traveling were difficult, each local group was confined largely to its own territory, camping in sheltered spots and subsisting principally on small mammals and vegetable foods.
		The Peramangk and Ngadjuri people suffered severe population decline from the introduction of new diseases, social displacement and alienation, poor living conditions and the effects of alcohol.
	www.karrayertawines.com.au /history.html (1221 words)

	Battunga Country
		Before the arrival of Europoeans this region of the Adelaide Hills was inhabited by the Peramangk.
		The area was rich in vital resources – food, water and firewood, animals for fur, stone, timber and resins for making tools, bark for huts, shields and canoes and pigments for painting.
		Artifacts, scar trees and shelter paintings reveal evidence of Peramangk occupation of the Adelaide Hills region.
	www.battunga.org.au /indigenous.htm (130 words)

	Australia Parks - National - Tourist - Caravan - Camping - Information Centre
		With an old silver mine to explore, an impressive settler’s cottage to be seen, numerous walking trails and some of the most diverse native vegetation and wildlife in the Adelaide Hills, Scott Creek has more to offer than can be taken in by a single visit.
		The park’s 758 hectares is an important link in the vegetation corridors of the hills and was once part of a major travelling route for the Peramangk Aboriginal people.
		Scott Creek lies in what was once Peramangk Aboriginal land, providing food and water for the people of the greater Adelaide Hills region.
	parks.camping.com.au /sa/sa_adelaide_scott.htm (561 words)

	Adelaide Hills District Council: Community Profile
		Transportation routes have also influenced the towns in the north of the area such as Birdwood, Gumeracha and to a lesser extent Kersbrook.
		The Council district is substantially within the traditional lands of the Peramangk Aboriginal people.
		The traditional land of the Kaurna people is also represented within the district at the foothills suburbs of Marble Hill Ward and down onto the Adelaide Plains.
	www.id.com.au /adelaidehills/commprofile/default.asp?id=136&gid=10&pg=1 (610 words)

	SETTLEMENT Of HAHNDORF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Showing signs of debility from the epidemics of European diseases that decimated the Aboriginal population in 1814 and 1830-35, the survivors also lost their means of support from the land that had sustained them for thousands of years.
		The waterhole in the creek where the Peramangk aborigines taught their children to swim still exists, somewhat polluted.
		This was the place where the first group of settlers to reach Hahndorf on 3 March 1839 fell on their knees under an enormous gum tree to give thanks to God.
	www.ntsa-hahndorf.org.au /hahndorf/03_settlement.html (837 words)

	Onkaparinga Institute of TAFE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Peramangk people lived on the eastern side of the Adelaide Hills in the district surrounding Mount Barker.
		The Peramangk lived in the strip of country running north from Mount Barker to the Angaston district.
		There was some trading between the Peramangk and the Aboriginal people from the Lake Alexandrina region, with them supplying supple whip-stick mallee spears in return for large red gum bark sheets for their canoes.
	www.tafe.sa.edu.au /institutes/onkaparinga/aboutus/regional_history.html (1376 words)

	Aboriginal History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		They occupied the eastern scarp of the Mount Lofty Ranges covering an area approximately 250 square kilometres from Myponga north to Gawler and Angaston and south to Strathalbyn.
		However, by the late 1850’s the scattered documentary sources cease to mention the Hills tribe; there is only the chronicle of a growing agricultural district.
		Most of the historical information relating to the Peramangk consists of passing references in European diaries, official’s records, or personal memoirs.
	www.arburypark.sa.edu.au /CurrPera.htm (319 words)

	Barker's Footsteps - Desert Dreams
		It was only twenty years after the Krinkes arrived that the last of the original inhabitants, the Peramangk disappeared.
		His compatriot, Charles Sturt, was well recorded in paintings, but of Barker, there appears to be no known image.
		I picture him sitting on the ground somewhere, sharing stories with the Ngarrindjerri, who mistook him for an enemy, and with the Peramangk, whose mountain was taken in his name.
	www.desertdreams.com.au /Barkers_Footsteps.html (560 words)

	One Tree Hill Sketchbook
		Over a century and a half ago the land division began with the British colonists as they quickly usurped the traditional tribal lands of the Kaurna Plains and Peramangk Aboriginals who had hunted and gathered in the dry sclerophyl forests, temperate woodlands, heathlands and grasslands of the area for possibly thousands of years.
		In a very short span of time, the area was divided up by the Government surveyors into workmen's blocks and special surveys and was sold to would-be immigrants in England, usually sight unseen, with glowing reports of fortunes to be made in the exciting new colony.
		Large hollow trees were used for shelter by the Peramangk people.
	users.chariot.net.au /~sah/self_publish/onetreeh.htm (11189 words)

	Outback-Info.de - Australien Nationalparks - NSW - NT - QLD - VIC - South - WA
		The South Para River, discovered in 1837, runs through the northern part of the park.
		The land was part of the territory of the Peramangk Aboriginal people.
		Para Wirra was reserved as a national park in 1962 to provide bush recreation for the expanding metropolis, particularly the Elizabeth-Salisbury area.
	www.outback-info.de /australien/special/south.html (652 words)

	Reynella - South Australia - Australia - Travel - smh.com.au (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		If there is an old Reynella it is well hidden in the new development of the area which is an unusual mix of new suburban project homes linked with wineries and fields of vines.
		Prior to European settlement the area was inhabited by the Peramangk group of Aborigines.
		The first European settler was John Reynell after whom the township is named.
	www.smh.com.au /news/South-Australia/Reynella/2005/02/17/1108500204657.html?oneclick=true (385 words)

	Aboriginal Tourism Association
		Imbala Jarjum - "Dance of the butterfly children" has created a new image in traditional dance with a contemporary influence.
		The dances are recreation dances sung in the Peramangk language.
		Imbala Jarjum also offers many educational packages in Aboriginal music, art, dance and culture.
	www.aboriginaltourism.com.au /tourism.asp?data=010C07044D010202060507457E45555F4845435D44425A465915474B58554551404576505E425A525D5B565517655F474650445F11754B4551475E5C5952554148 (68 words)

	History & Heritage - Murraylands, South Australia
		The map identifies shared country and neutral corridors between neighbouring language groups by the overlapping of colours.
		The Nganguraku language groups of the Murraylands share their western boundary with the Peramangk language groups of the Adelaide Hills regions and the southern boundaries are shared with the Ngarrindjeri language groups of the Coorong and Lakes region.
		Other language groups such as the Ngarkat and Potauwudj occupy the northern and southern hinterland of the Murraylands region, sharing their country with the Ngarrindjeri language group.
	www.murraylands.info /history/default.aspx (910 words)

	HarperCollins Religious
		South Australia, in particular, was part of a popular dream to establish an ideal community grounded in ‘Christian economics’.
		When they arrived my great-grandparents did not know that the local Kaurna of Adelaide or the Peramangk of the Barossa Valley had been excluded from this planned community.
		Nor did they discern, apparently, that this land of opportunity would soon become a land of oppression for these local inhabitants.
	www.harpercollinsreligious.com.au /books/extracts/reconciliation.html (3816 words)

	Mylor Conservation Park - Mylor Conservation Park
		The park conserves a small but significant stand of natural bushland vegetation, and provides the local community opportunities towards a variety of recreational pursuits.
		Mylor Conservation Park falls within the ‘country’ of the Peramangk Aboriginal people of the Greater southern Mount Lofty Ranges.
		The archaeology of the park has not been surveyed.
	www.parks.sa.gov.au /mylor (583 words)

	Microsite on the Fleurieu Peninsula South Australia
		The village of Prospect Hill is located within the Adelaide Hills only an hour’s drive from the Adelaide city centre and within close proximity to the Fleurieu Peninsula.
		Originally the country of the Peramangk (Aboriginal people belonging to the hills), Prospect Hill was settled as a farming district by English, Scottish and Irish immigrants around the middle of the nineteenth century.
		The Prospect Hill area boasts a long and fascinating history.
	www.fleurieupeninsula.com.au /microsite.asp?ID=432 (116 words)

	Global Oneness Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		I represent, with the deepest respect, the marble hills in the heart of the Mount Lofty Ranges - Koorianda - of Yalumba / Peramangk Tribe, South Australia.
		Speaking universal or star language, to the outer heavens and interstellar constellations.
		As The Crystal Reconcilliator I express my sadness and loss to the departure of the Peramangk, and take the responsibility to continue the awareness of the mind and heart - Koorianda.
	www.experiencefestival.com /community/corner-start.php?corner_id=384 (113 words)

	Uraidla - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The town was formally established in the 1880's, although there was already a community living there, the primary school having been established in 1871.
		The Adelaide Hills area above the 450 metre mark was home to the Peramangk people.
		The neighbouring Kaurna people (from the Adelaide plains) had a tale about an ancestral giant name Jureidla whose fallen body (killed in battle) fell to the ground and formed part of the Mt Lofty Ranges, with his ears forming Mt. Lofty and Mt. Bonython.
	www.free-definition.com /Uraidla.html (152 words)

	AusAnthrop :: Discussion Forum and FAQ :: Peramangk History
		Important Changes: Please note that you now have to be a registered user to post messages.
		In using this Forum, you agree to and allow AusAnthrop moderators to delete or edit messages they feel are not appropriate.
		I am after any information on the history of the Peramangk people, have looked at Tindales stuff but it quite limited.
	www.ausanthrop.net /phorum/read.php?1,658,731 (144 words)

	People's Voice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The gnarled old river redgum, estimated to be approximately 500 years old is characteristic of its kind with its base split wide open.
		The Indigenous Peramangk people used the bases of the old split gum trees for shelter 'home' sites rather than build wurlies, as there were so many old river redgums growing in the fertile valleys to choose from.
		In 1855 German pioneer settler Friedrich Herbig arrived in the area then known as Black Springs, (derived from George Fife Angas' 'Springs Dairy' nearby) and made his home in the burnt out hollow.
	www.peoplesvoice.gov.au /stories/sa/springton/springton_c.htm (883 words)

	The Shadowlands Mysterious Creatures page
		Kaurna, the Peramangk, the Ngadjuri, the Narranga, the Adnyamathanah, the Nauo and the Nukunu.
		The Peramangk people were certainly physically more robust than their cousins on the plain but this was more to do with their intermarriage with the people on the far side of the hills than with being primitve neanderthals.
		Thus the Peramangk people were worthy of fear and respect and became those loathsome giants the Pootpotberrie.
	theshadowlands.net /creature2.htm (3400 words)

	Walkabout - Reynella
		If there is an old Reynella it is well hidden in the new development of the area which is an unusual mix of new suburban project homes linked with wineries and fields of vines.
		Prior to European settlement the area was inhabited by the Peramangk group of Aborigines.
		The first European settler was John Reynell after whom the township is named.
	www.walkabout.fairfax.com.au /locations/SAReynella.shtml (291 words)

	The District Council of Yankalilla - Indigenous
		The history of the Fleurieu Peninsula goes back many thousands of years before European arrival and is documented in the rich oral traditions continuing with the Kaurna, Peramangk and Ngarrindjeri.
		One of these dreaming stories relates to the journey of Tjirbruki (Tjilbruke).
		Last date modified: 10:32 AM 9 Jan 2005.
	www.yankalilla.sa.gov.au /site/page.cfm?u=271 (117 words)

	Murray Institute of TAFE. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Ngadjuri occupied the land in the northern area of the Barossa from Kapunda to Tanunda and down to the Mount Barker area.
		The Peramangk people occupied the area around Lyndoch and Williamstown.
		English and German settlers migrated to the region upon the recommendation of a German mineralogist named Johann Menge.
	www.dmi.tafe.sa.edu.au /institutes/murray/campuses/BVhistory.htm (348 words)

	Aboriginal Education Unit Enfield (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The photo below is of Adele Pring (left) Eunice Wanganeen and friend visiting a rock engraving site in Ngadjuri country, north east of Burra.
		Peramangk or Merimeyuna: Aboriginal people of the Mount Lofty and Barossa Ranges
		Educators are currently trialing draft curriculum materials based on Peramangk history, culture and survival.
	www2.nexus.edu.au /ems/enfieldnew/5a_cultural_studies.html (429 words)

	The Wilderness Society - Cooperation between TWS and ACDF to deliver Aboriginal WildCountry project in Southern ...
		The Wilderness Society has identified the region as a priority for landscape protection through its WildCountry program, which involves protecting the best of what is left of Australia’s natural environment, and maintaining and restoring ecological connections in the landscape.
		The region is of social, cultural, spiritual, historical and ecological importance for members of the Aboriginal Cultural Development Foundation, including Barngarla, Mirning, Ramindjeri and Peramangk people, and these groups are committed to protection of their traditional lands and their cultural heritage.
		The parties agree that Aboriginal conservation benefits all Australians and will seek support for this from governments, private enterprise, research and education institutes, landholders and the community.
	www.wilderness.org.au /campaigns/wildcountry/sa/acdf (674 words)

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