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Topic: Perception

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	Perception - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was the study of perception that gave rise to the Gestalt school of psychology, with its emphasis on holistic approaches.
		This confusing ambiguity of perception is exploited in human technologies such as camouflage, and also in biological mimicry, for example by Peacock butterflies, whose wings bear eye markings that birds respond to as though they were the eyes of a dangerous predator.
		Gibson rejected the assumption of a poverty of stimulus by rejecting the notion that perception is based in sensations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Perception (491 words)

	Philosophy of perception - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The succession of data transfers that are involved in perception suggests that somewhere in the brain there is a final set of activity, called sense data, that is the substrate of the percept.
		The philosophy of perception is very closely related to a branch of philosophy known as epistemology, the theory of knowledge, and many of the ideas presented above are also discussed under this heading.
		Perception is sometimes referred to as a cognitive process in which information processing is used to transfer information from the world into the brain and mind where it is further processed and related to other information.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philosophy_of_perception (1932 words)

	Color Perception Encyclopedia Article, Information, History and Biography @ OurLocalColor.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Perception of color is achieved in mammals through color receptors containing pigments with different spectral sensitivities.
		L-cones are often referred to as the red receptor, but while the perception of red depends on this receptor, microspectrophotometry has shown that its peak sensitivity is in the yellow region of the spectrum.
		Color perception mechanisms are highly dependent on evolutionary factors, of which the most prominent is satisfactory recognition of food sources.
	www.ourlocalcolor.com /encyclopedia/Color_perception (1300 words)

	Visual perception - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Visual perception is one of the senses, consisting of the ability to detect light and interpret (see) it as the perception known as sight or naked eye vision.
		Some argue that the perception of depth also constitutes a sense, but others argue that this is really cognition (that is, post-sensory) function derived from having stereoscopic vision (two eyes) and is not a sensory perception as such.
		The eye's retina performs the first stages of visual perception processing, with the remaining stages of visual perception occurring in the optic nerve and the visual cortex of the brain.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /visual_perception.htm (280 words)

	Perception and Interaction
		Perception -- seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, tasting, feeling the positions of joints and the tension of muscles, balance, temperature, pain...
		Would you mind riding the bike home for me?' The earlier perception of something completely incomprehensible was immediately replaced, and the purpose of his behavior, i.e., to note down the code which he 'had in his fingers,' became quite apparent...." (From, p.
		Perception in the broadest sense is a matter of interaction between the world and the self.
	www.ship.edu /~cgboeree/genpsyperception.html (3758 words)

	The Epistemology of Perception [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Perception is a central issue in epistemology, the theory of knowledge.
		Much of your perception, then, is representational: you take the world to be a certain way, sometimes correctly, when you see that the world is thus and so, and sometimes incorrectly, when the world is not how you perceive it to be.
		Therefore, perception is of prime epistemological importance, and it remains the focus of lively philosophical debate.
	www.iep.utm.edu /e/epis-per.htm (6418 words)

	Perception
		There is only perception (so there cannot be a difference in the way we are conscious of sensations and perceptions), and percepts last only as long as that which is being perceived is being observed.
		It is beyond the scope of this article to discuss the actual nature of percepts, qualia, and their relationship the objects of perception, but we must mention in passing that color, sound, and taste, for example, are not "sensations," but "percepts," and are percepts of actual attributes of the entities being perceived.
		Perception does not do the differentiating, it is only conscious of what is, that is, an entities perceptual qualities, it is those qualities that do the "differentiating." The fact that an object is distinct and separate from its background is identified conceptually.
	www.geocities.com /rational_argumentator/perception.html (7520 words)

	Visual Perception 3
		Perception is unavoidably selective: we can't see all there is to see.
		Some aspects of perception can be usefully discussed in terms of 'selectivity', but to see perception purely in terms of selectivity would be reductive.
		If we relied only on retinal images for visual perception we would always be conscious of people growing physically bigger when they came closer, objects changing their shapes whenever we moved, and colours changing with every shift in lighting conditions.
	www.aber.ac.uk /media/Modules/MC10220/visper03.html (1857 words)

	TIP: Concepts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Perception encompasses all processes associated with the recognition, transformation and organization of sensory information (see Carterette and Friedman, 1978).
		Attention is a fundamental component of perception that is often used to differentiate higher-order cognitive processes from those that are purely sensory.
		Reed, 1973) is a well-studied aspect of perception as are illusions (e.g., Gregory and Gombrich, 1973).
	tip.psychology.org /percept.html (250 words)

	MSN Encarta - Perception (psychology)
		Perception (psychology), process by which organisms interpret and organize sensation to produce a meaningful experience of the world.
		Perception, on the other hand, better describes one’s ultimate experience of the world and typically involves further processing of sensory input.
		In practice, sensation and perception are virtually impossible to separate, because they are part of one continuous process.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761571997 (827 words)

	Subliminal Perception
		The term subliminal perception was originally used to describe situations in which weak stimuli were perceived without awareness.
		A common theme that links all extraordinary claims regarding subliminal perception is that perception in the absence of an awareness of perceiving is somehow more powerful or influential than perception that is accompanied by an awareness of perceiving.
		Thus, although subliminal perception may allow us to make accurate guesses regarding the characteristics of stimuli, subliminal perception cannot lead a person to drink Coca-Cola or to eat Ritz Crackers, and it cannot be used effectively to improve a person's tennis skills or to cure a person's bad habits.
	www.arts.uwaterloo.ca /~pmerikle/papers/SubliminalPerception.html (2043 words)

	Epistemological Problems of Perception (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On the basis of the intractability of these questions, it has often been argued that the conclusion of the argument from illusion is clearly unacceptable or even ultimately unintelligible, even in the absence of a clear diagnosis of exactly where and how it goes wrong.
		A second argument for the conclusion that sense-data, rather than physical objects, are the direct or immediate objects of even veridical perceptual experience appeals to the causal account of the perceptual process offered by natural science.
		It is for this reason that the ease with which the standard issues are avoided on a reliabilist view may seem to constitute a defect rather than a virtue of the position.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/perception-episprob (6956 words)

	The Physiology of Perception
		We have found that perception depends on the simultaneous, cooperative activity of millions of neurons spread throughout expanses of the cortex.
		The images suggest that an act of perception consists of an explosive leap of the dynamic system from the "basin" of one chaotic attractor to another; the basin of an attractor is the set of initial conditions from which the system goes into a particular behavior.
		Without the protection of the doors of perception-that is, without the self-controlled chaotic activity of the cortex, from which perceptions spring-people and animals would be overwhelmed by eternity.
	sulcus.berkeley.edu /FLM/MS/Physio.Percept.html (5261 words)

	Perception
		This is undoubtedly a simple and, in itself, unimportant mistake, because she also says, "A percept is a group of sensations automatically retained and integrated by the brain of a living organism.
		Since perception "gives it the ability to be aware, not of single stimuli, but of entities, of things," implies sensation is the ability to be aware of single stimuli.
		Percepts are direct awareness of entities, and no special integration is required by the brain or any other organ.
	usabig.com /autonomist/articles/perception.html (6678 words)

	extrasensory perception - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about extrasensory perception (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Any form of perception beyond and distinct from the known sensory processes.
		The main forms of ESP are clairvoyance (intuitive perception or vision of events and situations without using the senses);; precognition (the ability to foresee events); and telepathy or thought transference (communication between people without using any known visible, tangible, or audible medium).
		Experimental work in extrasensory perception is commonly done by a method of guessing the order of a pack of 25 cards containing five each of five symbols, and performing a statistical analysis of the results to discover whether more have been guessed right than can be accounted for by chance.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /extrasensory%20perception (193 words)

	Firelily Designs - Color Vision, Color Deficiency
		One of the fundamental issues underlying the "design in fl and white" principle is that color perception varies from one person to another.
		Part of that process includes recognizing that a cone which is supposed to be sensitive to "red light" was triggered, and that the correct perception of this experience is to see red.
		Because this is a sex-linked trait, and the gene resides on the X chromosome, a genetic male should have at most only one of these four conditions.
	www.firelily.com /opinions/color.html (3912 words)

	Perception Page
		The 5 modules (physiological bases of perception; form, pattern, and movement; perceiving color; depth, size, brightness, and contrast; psychophysics) each contain 8 units illustrating various topics in visual perception.
		You might not want to acquire this piece of equipment simply to be able to specify the angle at which color vision becomes difficult, but it is quite useful to illustrate variability in visual abilities across the visual field.
		Both neural and psychological properties of pain perception are discussed, including a discussion of placebo effects.
	www.skidmore.edu /~hfoley/perception.htm (3563 words)

	Perception (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Today Perception beat Poka in a 9x9 ladder game, but was then beaten two games out of two by Martin Müller's Explorer program.
		Perception now uses hash tables to speed up its tactical search (which sped the search up by a factor of five).
		This is a tremendous waste of effort, so I'll make Perception keep track of which board positions could influence the life of which groups, and only recompute as needed.
	www.igoweb.org /~wms/comp/perception (482 words)

	Perception (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The perception continually shifts from rows to columns as the viewer tries to determine what is the figure and what is the ground.
		The perception changes depending on what the viewer determines to be the figure and the ground.
		Using his or her knowledge of what a 'normal' universe should look like, the viewer attempts to get back to his or her home universe by distinguishing between motion cues which are realistic and those that are false.
	psych.la.psu.edu /clip/Perception.htm (9173 words)

	Perception in Psychology 101 at AllPsych Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As mentioned in the introduction, perception refers to interpretation of what we take in through our senses.
		Due to our ability to maintain constancy in our perceptions, we see that building as the same height no matter what distance it is. Perceptual constancy refers to our ability to see things differently without having to reinterpret the object's properties.
		Objects which are closer to the bottom of our visual field are seen as closer to us due to our perception of the horizon, where higher (height) means farther away.
	allpsych.com /psychology101/perception.html (914 words)

	Consumer Behavior--Perception (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Perception is the interpretation process by which consumers make sense of their own environment.
		Many people believe that perception is passive or rather that we see and hear what is out there very objectively.
		Basically, that marketers need to be aware of this fact about perception so that they may be able to tailor their marketing stimuli (i.e.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~sstumpf/cbperception.html (201 words)

	The Experience and Perception of Time
		Briefly, causes always precede their effects; perception is a causal process, in that to perceive something is to be causally affected by it; therefore we can only perceive earlier events, never later ones.
		But causes do have locations, so the perception of precedence is rather harder to reconcile with the causal theory of perception than the perception of colour (Le Poidevin (2004)).
		Walsh, W.H. (1967) ‘Kant on the Perception of Time’, Monist 51, 376-96
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/time-experience (5500 words)

	SparkNotes: Perception: Mental Imagery
		When we examine a mental image in the "mind's eye," we feel as though we are looking at a picture, even though the image we see is entirely in our mind.
		If mental imagery and visual perception (sight) use the same resources, then they should interfere with each other, causing worse performance when trying to do both at once.
		However, despite all their similarities, mental images are not exactly the same as visual perceptions of the real world.
	www.sparknotes.com /psychology/cognitive/perception/section1.html (892 words)

	delegate-perception.net
		We delegate perception to remote machines, which are claimed to deliver objective pictures and the screen where they can be rendered visible is taken as proof of their reality effect.
		The conditions of perception, understood as a reading of signs, are now embedded within an further layer, which in the most obvious way can be detected in the use of the machines necessary for recoding.
		So obviously it is important to keep in mind K.Hayles mentioning that 'the perception facilitates the development of he technologies, and the technologies reinforce perception,'[106] when we read L. Manovich claiming that 'strategies of working with computer data become our general cognitive strategies'.
	www.delegate-perception.net /thesis.htm (11033 words)

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