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Topic: Perceval, the Story of the Grail

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	Chrétien de Troyes (Chretien) Perceval Summary
		Perceval's 2 brothers became knights and died in combat, and Gahmuret died of grief.
		Perceval comes into Arthur's court, refuses to dismount, hurriedly asks to be knighted (but does not seem to wait for this to be done), and asks to be granted the armor of the Red Knight.
		A maiden brings in a grail held in both hands [for Chrétien, it is a serving dish], and the room becomes brightly illuminated [presumably because of the contents of the grail].
	www.mcgoodwin.net /pages/otherbooks/ct_perceval.html (3232 words)

	Perceval, the Story of the Grail - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Perceval, the Story of the Grail (French:Perceval, le Conte du Graal) is the unfinished fifth romance of Chrétien de Troyes.
		The poem opens with Perceval, whose mother has raised him apart from civilization in the forests of Wales since his father's death, encountering knights and realizing he wants to be one.
		Perceval introduced an enthusiastic Europe to the Holy Grail, and all versions of the Grail's story derive directly or indirectly from it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Perceval,_the_Story_of_the_Grail (1161 words)

	Perceval, or, the Story of the Grail
		The last romance ever written by Chretien de Troyes, it is the first text to give the Grail quest in the form we now know it, and is the first use of the word "graal" or grail.
		It is possible that Philip had access to a book on the grail; it's also said that Philip had relics connected to Joseph of Arimathea and the Lance of the Crucifixion; moreover, Philip was a crusader renowned for his piety.
		He acts in contrast to the naïve Perceval; his knowledge of courtly behavior and chivalric feats is unparalleled in the romance.
	www.maryjones.us /jce/perceval2.html (471 words)

	Grail Legends (Perceval's Tradition)
		When the maiden also heard that his name was Perceval, she revealed that she was his cousin and that his mother had died in grief at his departure (in the Welsh Peredur (Mabinogion), the damsel was Peredur's foster sister).
		Perceval promised to avenge the death of damsel's knight.
		Perceval was not aware that he was already in the castle until he left it in the morning.
	www.timelessmyths.com /arthurian/quest1.html (11234 words)

	The Grail
		There are several versions of the Grail story, ranging from the Perceval in the "Chrestian de Troyes", the Peredur in the "Mabinogion", and Parzizal written in German, to name a few.
		The earliest version of the Grail story makes no mention of the Grail itself, which may seem confusing at first, but this is because that story was never finished; but it is mentioned in the Chrestian account.
		That story was eventually finished in other guises by other cultures, but due to their versions seeming to be "over-the-top" descriptions that don't coinicide with the original, these later versions can't be completely trusted.
	www.btinternet.com /~khm/old/celtic_stories/grail.html (1417 words)

	PERCEVAL: TEXTS, IMAGES, BASIC INFORMATION
		Perceval is the Grail knight or one of the Grail knights in numerous medieval and modern stories of the Grail quest.
		Perceval is the central character in the fourteenth-century Middle English romance Sir Perceval of Galles which is apparently based on Chrétien's tale but which omits the Grail motif entirely.
		Stassen, Franz (1869-1949), "Montsalvat, the Castle of the Grail" (1903)
	www.lib.rochester.edu /camelot/percmenu.htm (699 words)

	The Grail Legend: from ancient stories to Wagnerian opera
		he legends of the Holy Grail are woven of three strands: a Celtic tradition of otherworld vessels and supernaturally powerful weapons; an Arabic or Byzantine tradition of a mysterious stone that had fallen from the heavens; and a Christian tradition, perhaps of Gnostic or heretical origin, of a mysterious talisman.
		Other tales were related to the court of Arthur: these included the love story of Tristam and Yseult or Tristan and Isolde (of which the earliest version appeared around 1150) and the story of the Grail and its guardian, the Fisher King.
		Wagner adopted the Christianised version of the Grail but discarded the Question entirely, made the recovery of the spear the focus of the story and changed some of the names from those found in Wolfram's poem.
	home.c2i.net /monsalvat/grail.htm (1363 words)

	Knights of the Round Table
		According to most of the legend, the Grail knight was Perceval, whom the seat was reserved for, until the Vulgate Cycle was composed in 1230.
		Perceval's father was revealed to be King Pellehen, and he has a sister, sometimes unnamed, but sometimes known as Dindraine.
		Perceval was invited by the Fisher King to lodge at the Grail Castle.
	www.timelessmyths.com /arthurian/roundtable.html (12943 words)

	Wagner's Sources for Parsifal
		Chrétien's Perceval: The Story of the Grail and its so-called Continuations, in a modern French version, in 1872.
		This story appeared in the Comte de Villemarque's Contes populaires des anciens Bretons,which Wagner is known to have read while in Paris in 1860.
		This poem tells the story of Joseph and his family, guardians of the Christian Grail; its first part is based on the apocryphal Gospel of Nicodemus.
	home.c2i.net /monsalvat/sources.htm (2076 words)

	Amazon.com: Perceval: The Story of the Grail: Books: Chretien de Troyes,Burton Raffel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Essentially the story of the making of a knight, both in worldly and spiritual terms, it is also the source of some of the most dramatic and mysterious adventures of romance.
		Perceval: The Story of the Grail by Chretien de Troyes
		The story is a blend of commedy, adventure, and the magnificent all set in a world that is at times magical and bordering the superantural.
	www.amazon.com /Perceval-Story-Grail-Chretien-Troyes/dp/0300075863 (1131 words)

	How Sir Thomas Malory Misunderstood the Grail -- Essay at LiteratureClassics.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Perceval is “the son of the widowed lady of the remote Desolate Forest” (de Troyes 340).
		However, when the church got its hands on the story of the Grail, they couldn’t simply make Lancelot the hero because of his adultery—“it was quite impossible [for Lancelot to] conform to [the Cistercian] standards of aesthetic purity” (Morgan 15)—however, they could make his son the hero.
		The Romance of Perceval in Prose: a Translation of the E Manuscript of the Didot Perceval.
	www.literatureclassics.com /essays/354 (2887 words)

	The Story of the Grail (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Story of the Grail, by Chrétien de Troyes, is one of the greatest literary works of all time.
		Written in the second half of the twelfth century, this poem tells the story of Perceval, a teenager raised in a forest by his mother, who sees by chance a grail in a castle.
		After he sees the grail in a castle that he came upon by chance, he then starts learning more about who he is and what the significance of this event might have been.
	www.mcelhearn.com.cob-web.org:8888 /perceval.html (1991 words)

	The Holy Grail: Myths, Legends, and Truths
		Skeptics of the more traditional grail theories, argue that the secret that Jesus was married and had children was procured and protected through the ages by the mysterious Knights Templar and the Prieure of Sion, and the bloodline supposedly still exists today.
		Explores the myth of the Holy Grail as the bloodline from the marriage of Jesus and Mary Magdalene.
		He writes about the Grail’s many manifestations as the cup of the Passover, the cup Joseph of Arimathea used to collect Jesus’ blood on the cross, the Holy Lace, the Pentecostal tongues of fire, the dish bearing the bloody head of John the Baptist, the philosopher’s stone, and the ark of the covenant.
	www.jillandrandy.com /researchguide.htm (1800 words)

	EN 349 King Arthur and the Grail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Understand the historical and cultural contexts in which the Grail stories were first composed.
		Merlin and the Grail: Joseph of Arimathea, Merlin, Perceval.
		Lancelot and the Grail: A Study of the Prose “Lancelot.” Oxford: Clarendon, 1986.
	www.moval.edu /faculty/adderleym/Arthur/en349grail.htm (2453 words)

	Percival - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Percival or Perceval is one of King Arthur's legendary Knights of the Round Table.
		His sister is the bearer of the Holy Grail, she is sometimes named Dindrane.
		Chrétien wrote the first story of Percival; Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival, Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur, and the theoretical Perceval of Robert de Boron are other famous accounts of his adventures.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Perceval (579 words)

	Robert de Boron (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Perceval, and covers the whole story of King Arthur, from the Crucifixion to Arthur’s death.
		Perceval, or The Story of the Grail; Chrétien’s story itself is reinterpreted by Robert, who has now decided that the Grail is the cup used by Christ at the Last Supper, and by Joseph of Arimathea to collect the blood of Christ immediately after the Crucifixion.
		Didot Perceval (after a previous owner of the manuscript), is a prose version of Robert’s conclusion.
	www.moval.edu /faculty/adderleym/Arthur/robert.htm (973 words)

	The SF Site Featured Review: Kinsmen of the Grail
		Rather than concentrate on the title character, Perceval, its focus is Gawain and how he is torn between his own Grail quest and saving his uncle Arthur from the treachery of Kei and Bryant.
		An impatient man and a hardened warrior he is entranced and confused by her pacifism and how at peace she appears amidst the turmoil around her, but he loses her when she must retire to a convent for her son to fulfil his destiny.
		A thoroughly practical man, he is gradually led, through her and others, to search for the Grail, believed to be in the possession of certain members of Perceval's family.
	www.sfsite.com /12a/kg94.htm (799 words)

	Gordd Cymru's Chretien de Troyes' Arthurian Romances (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Perceval or The Story of the Grail, Ruth Harwood Cline, Chretien De Troyes, Univ of Georgia Press, January 1986
		Perceval: The Story of the Grail, Chretien De Troyes, Burton Raffel, Yale Univ Press, January 1999
		Perceval: The Story of the Grail, Chretien, Burton Raffel, Yale Univ Press, February 1999
	www.celtic-twilight.com /camelot/chretien (117 words)

	The Grail Code » Scriptorium
		Marie de France was one of the great storytellers of the Middle Ages, and reading her ought to be more of a pleasure than it is in English.
		Peredur might be an old Welsh story retold by a bard who had heard and admired Chretienâs work, but knew that his audience demanded certain details from the time-honored Welsh version.
		In other words, the story of Peredur might be older than Chretienâs Story of the Grail, but the telling of it might be influenced by Chretien.
	www.grailcode.com /scriptorium (1268 words)

	Perceval (22) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This 12th-century French poet's masterpiece was "Perceval, or the Story of the Grail," which follows the hero from childhood to knighthood under King Arthur to mature Christian chivalry through his quest for the Grail.
		Malory's account of the Grail quest is the most popular version in English.
		Perceval narrates the Grail story in this classic Victorian tribute to Arthurian romance.
	www.fictional100.com /perceval.html (217 words)

	Eng 211/411 Syllabus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		XII: Thomas of Britain, Tristan (Death Scene) (283-93); Chrétien de Troyes, Perceval, or The Story of the Grail (trans.
		Perceval and Merlin: Chrétien de Troyes, Perceval (133-end).
		Begin The Lancelot-Grail Reader: The Story of Merlin (49-92), and The Death of Merlin (415-419).
	www.unm.edu /~aobermei/Eng211411/Eng211411syl.html (1010 words)

	Amazon.com: Perceval: The Story of the Grail (Arthurian Studies): Books: Chretien de Troyes,Nigel Bryant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Perceval: The Story of the Grail (Arthurian Studies) (Paperback)
		Merlin and the Grail: Joseph of Arimathea, Merlin, Perceval: The Trilogy of Arthurian Prose Romances attributed to Robert de Boron (Arthurian Studies) by Robert de Boron
		It is a comming of age story in which a boy becomes a man and learns of his ancestry and potential.
	www.amazon.com /Perceval-Story-Grail-Arthurian-Studies/dp/0859912248 (1116 words)

	Grail Books, Book Price Comparison at 130 bookstores
		Grail Bird: The Rediscovery of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker
		Merlin and the Grail: Joseph of Arimathea, Merlin, Perceval: The Trilogy of Arthurian Prose Romances attributed to Robert de Boron (Arthurian Studies)
		It is hard to overstate the importance of this trilogy of prose romances in the development of the legend of the Holy Grail and in the evolution of Ar...
	www.bookfinder4u.com /search_4/Grail.html (621 words)

	Grail - Romances books, find the lowest prices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Adventures Of The Holy Grail : A Study Of La Queste Del Saint Graal
		Wisdom and the Grail : The Image of the Vessel in the Queste Del Saint Graal and Malory's Tale of the Sankgreal
		The Grail : The Celtic Origins of the Sacred Icon
	www.allbookstores.com /Grail-Romances_p2sd.html (205 words)

	Perceval (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Of Chrétien's five surviving romantic Arthurian poems, the last and longest is Perceval, an unfinished work that introduces the story of the Grail—a legend quickly adopted by other medieval writers and taken up by a continuing succession of authors.
		In Chrétien's romance, Perceval progresses from a naive boyhood in rural seclusion to a position of high respect as a knight at Arthur's court.
		With the help of two teachers—his mother and Gornemant of Goort—Perceval is ultimately able to reject the worldly adventures chosen by other knights and seek important moral and spiritual answers.
	yalepress.yale.edu /yupbooks/book.asp?isbn=0300075863 (218 words)

	Chretien Books - Signed, used, new, out-of-print
		Erec and Enide marks the birth of the Arthurian romance as a literary genre.
		Written circa 1170, this version of the Griselda legend tells the story of the marriage of Erec, a handsome and courageous Welsh prince and knight of the Round Table, and Enide, an impoverished noblewoman.
		In this verse translation of 'Perceval, ' Ruth Harwood Cline restores to life the lively Arthurian legend of the education of a knight in his search for the Holy Grail.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/author/Chretien (717 words)

	Legend of the Grail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The trilogy of romances that established a provenance for the Holy Grail, and linked Joseph of Arimathea with mythical British history and with the knightly adventures of Perceval's Grail quest.
		The first full-length study to focus exclusively on American reinterpretations of the Arthurian legends.
		How the legend of the Grail has been appropriated by writers over the last 200 years.
	www.boydell.co.uk /grailnew.htm (164 words)

	Arthurian Early Works (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Perceval, or The Story of the Grail, Chretien De Troyes, Ruth Harwood Cline, Pergamon Press, August 1983, ISBN: 0080262961 Hardcover
		Perceval or The Story of the Grail, Ruth Harwood Cline, Chretien De Troyes, Univ of Georgia Press, January 1986, ISBN: 0820308129 Paperback
		Perceval: The Story of the Grail, Chretien De Troyes, Burton Raffel, Yale Univ Press, January 1999, ISBN: 0300075855 Hardcover
	www.celtic-twilight.com /amazon/arthurian_earlyworks2.htm (549 words)

	Hermetic Fellowship : Grail & Arthuriana
		Text: The High History of the Holy Grail
		Brief summations of the principal mediæval Grail texts
		“The principle Order of this esoteric body is the Order of the Holy Grail, founded by Joseph of Arimathea in 54AD at Rheddae (Rennes le Chateau) France.
	www.hermeticfellowship.org /HFGrailArthuriana.html (283 words)

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