
	Where results make sense

Topic: Perennial Stream

	Public Should Have Say on Status of Threatened Stream
		As a stream ecologist and an environmental lawyer, respectively, we are greatly concerned about this lack of parity and its potential consequences for the bay.
		Fairfax County uses an exceptionally robust protocol to identify which streams to protect, relying on 26 hydrological, physical and biological characteristics that decades of scientific inquiry have shown mark the critical features of a perennial stream.
		While the fate of the Wedderburn stream alone will not exacerbate the record dead zones predicted for the Chesapeake this year, similar streams across Fairfax are at risk, and the cumulative threat is profound.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/29/AR2005062900908.html (876 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Under SMCRA regulations, an intermittent stream is "[a] stream or reach of a stream" that meets certain criteria, and a perennial stream is "a stream or part of a stream," that meets other criteria.
		Because it is uncontested that the burial of substantial portions of intermittent and perennial streams causes adverse environmental effects in the filled segments of the streams, the district court correctly granted summary judgment on Count 3.
		Because it is uncontested that the burial of substantial portions of intermittent or perennial streams causes adverse environmental effects in the filled stream portion, the district court correctly granted summary judgment as to Count 3.
	www.osmre.gov /news/041700mtbrief.txt (10585 words)

	METROPOLITAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY - Final Decision (October 25, 2000) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Streams shown as perennial on the current United States Geologic Survey (U.S.G.S.) map are presumed by the Department to be perennial unless the presumption is rebutted by competent evidence.
		She concluded, based upon her observations and her knowledge of the basin's design, that the stream was intermittent prior to the construction of the basin, that the basin was not affecting the stream in any significant way, and that the basin should contain water all year long because it was designed to be wet.
		DePinto's testimony that the stream was intermittent prior to the construction of the basin is unrefuted, as is her testimony that the basin was dug into the groundwater and is designed to be wet year-round.
	www.mass.gov /oaa/decision/00/met001.htm (3485 words)

	Washoe County Development Code Article 418 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Perennial stream buffer areas are established to provide adequate setbacks and land use controls to ensure water quality functions of each perennial stream are not jeopardized through development activity.
		The critical stream zone buffer area shall be all land and water surface within thirty (30) feet from the centerline of the perennial stream.
		The sensitive stream zone buffer area shall be all land and water surface between the critical stream zone buffer area boundary of thirty (30) and one hundred fifty (150) feet from centerline or thalweg of the perennial stream.
	www.protectourwashoe.org /legacy/code418.html (2871 words)

	Durham, NC - City of Medicine
		Stream buffers shall apply on each side of the stream and shall be measured from the top of the stream bank perpendicularly to the direction of stream flow.
		Stream buffers can be used for passive recreational activities, such as unpaved or paved trails, provided that service facilities for such activities, including but not limited to parking, picnicking and sanitary facilities, are located outside of the stream buffer.
		Inside the UGA, perennial streams may be piped, thereby exempting the piped section of the stream from stream buffer requirements, only when allowed by Section 11.3.4 (2) or when the Board of Adjustment issues a variance in accordance with the provisions of Section 16, Variances and Interpretations.
	www.ci.durham.nc.us /departments/planning/zoneord/Section11/113.cfm (1116 words)

	Excluded Riparian Buffer Practices
		An excluded riparian buffer is adjacent to intermittent or perennial streams in one or more pasture units in combination with a physical barrier that excludes cattle access to both the buffer and the stream(s) within the unit(s).
		A stream shall be defined as a natural, modified natural or manmade intermittent or perennial stream and does not include an ephemeral stream.
		A perennial stream exhibits the typical biological, hydrological, physical characteristics commonly associated with the conveyance of water.
	www.enr.state.nc.us /dswc/pages/riparianbufferpractices.html (1935 words)

	COALEX REPORT 97 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		3701.5, and reads as follows: Perennial stream "means a stream or part of a stream that flows continuously during all of the calendar year as a result of ground-water discharge or surface runoff".
		Ohio's definition differed from the others in that the phrase "or part of a stream" was omitted; otherwise, Ohio's definition was identical to that used by OSMRE.
		That state"s definition of "perennial streams" reads: "a stream or portion of a stream that flows continuously." ATTACHMENTS A 44 FR 14, 932 (1979).
	www.osmre.gov /coalex/coalex97.htm (339 words)

	[No title]
		Currently, the DWQ relies on a policy to describe the thresholds between intermittent and perennial channels which suggests that investigators use the presence of biological indicators such as fish, crayfish, amphibians, mussels (clams) or large (multi-year) tadpoles as perennial stream indicators.
		Revised DWQ Policy for the Definition of Perennial Stream Origins: A perennial stream is defined as a well-defined channel that contains water year round during a year of normal rainfall1 with the aquatic bed located below the water table for most of the year (15A NCAC 2B.0100).
		Therefore, to implement this definition, a perennial stream can be determined as follows: A stream channel is perennial when any of the following criteria are met: 1 Normal Rainfall is defined as the 30 year average, provided by NOAA National Climatic Data Center, computed at the end of each decade.
	h2o.enr.state.nc.us /ncwetlands/documents/newpolicyforIPv2.2.doc (783 words)

	Upper Perennial Stream (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Riffles and rapids are interspersed with pools along the length of the stream.
		Water willow is one of the most common and abundant plants of gravel bars between pools, and in the finer soils within shallow water areas.
		Some headwater streams in Illinois can be placed in this class.
	dnr.state.il.us /wetlands/upperperennial.htm (159 words)

	Perennial Stream Mapping Completed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Curtis is part of the county’s Stream Protection Strategy team, which was tasked by the Board of Supervisors to identify and map all perennial streams in the county to comply with new directives from the state.
		The difference between the old language and the amended language is the replacement of “tributary streams” with “water bodies with perennial flow.” A perennial stream carries flowing water continuously throughout the year, except in cases of extreme drought like we saw last year.
		The presence of certain indicator species in a stream, especially the species that can’t move downstream easily in drier times, suggests a perennial stream based on their need for an aquatic environment for at least a year.
	www.co.fairfax.va.us /nvswcd/newsletter/perennial2.htm (837 words)

	Kawa Stream Description
		Kawa Stream is a relatively short (~4.1 km), perennial stream located mostly in the Pikoiloa Tract of southern Kaneohe Town.
		The upper cataract on Kawa Stream (central branch) is over-grown with grasses and impatiens.
		The stream is perennial and tumbles over a basalt boulder bed, in places incised 1 to almost 2 meters into the valley floor.
	www.pixi.com /~isd/KawaStr.html (1191 words)

	Stream Recovery Following Watershed Restoration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Physical stream recovery is being evaluated in several ways: by a return to former pool depths and pool frequency, water temperature and canopy closure, channel bed elevation, channel width and area, and sediment loads.
		Biological stream recovery is being evaluated through analyses of benthic macroinvertebrate abundance and diversity, periphyton growth, presence and abundance of amphibians and presence and condition of salmonids.
		Several kilometers of perennial stream channel were surveyed to document pool depth and frequency, areas of bank erosion, stream canopy, etc. Air and stream temperatures were measured continuously throughout two summer low flow seasons at several locations within Redwood National and State Parks.
	www.werc.usgs.gov /redwood/recovery.htm (1931 words)

	Archives: Story
		According to the manual, a perennial stream is "a stream or reach of stream that flows continuously.
		Conservation districts have the legal power within their jurisdictions to change the perennial label by declaratory rule and/or to rule that a stream does not have significant aquatic and riparian attributes in need of protection or preservation.
		Blackleaf Creek is shown as a perennial stream on the government maps; however, the district board wants to hear from the people who know the area and the creek's history.
	www.choteauacantha.com /articles/2003/10/01/news/news2.txt (1602 words)

	GEOG192 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Because of this, the Town needs a spatial database that differentiates between perennial and intermittent streams.The town has located the breakpoints for most perennial stream origins.These breakpoints were found by field verification, and are available in a shape file.
		The smaller the stream and the further up in the watershed we buffer, the more land is put into conservation restrictions, potentially coming into conflict with land owners and developers.
		We are conducting research on the soil, the plants and animals on land and in the streams, the water quality, and condition of the air in and around Baltimore.
	www.unc.edu /courses/2003spring/geog/192/001/www/projects.htm (1493 words)

	ABSTRACT: Quantifying groundwater discharge to a small perennial stream in southern Ontario, Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Groundwater contributions to streamflow were measured along a section of stream during baseflow conditions and during rainfall events.
		Four techniqueswere used to estimate the contribution of groundwater to the stream along a 450 m reach (three during baseflow and one during stormflow conditions).
		High water table conditions within the catchment resulted in greater stream discharge and a greater contribution of event water in the streamflow than that observed under low water table conditions for similar intensity storm events.
	cgrg.geog.uvic.ca /abstracts/CeyQuantifyingA1998.html (308 words)

	STREAM BED MOBILITY IN A LOW-GRADIENT, THIRD-ORDER PERENNIAL STREAM
		As the interface between surface water and ground water, the streambed (hyporheic zone) is vital to the stream ecosystem as a habitat or refuge for many aquatic macroinvertebrates.
		Sediment mobility was evaluated using a comparison of critical shear stress and basal shear stress based on measured stream velocities and stream bed grain size analysis.
		Within the stream of interest, S is 0.002, and water depth ranges from a minimum of 0.10 m to 3.0 m at bankfull conditions.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2004AM/finalprogram/abstract_78896.htm (481 words)

	WV DEP Issues order Prohibiting Fills (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		No previously permitted but not yet started fills in intermittent or perennial streams are to be activated after the date of the permanent injunction.
		All Permittees who have previously permitted and started fills in intermittent or perennial streams which have not been totally reclaimed are to immediately cease placing material in a manner which has the effect of advancing the fill further downstream.
		If the sediment control structure for any fill is located in an intermittent or perennial stream then that fill is to be considered as being in either an intermittent or perennial stream and therefore cannot be advanced.
	www.emlf.org /Archives/Resources/mountain/wv_dep_issues_order.htm (261 words)

	FR Doc 04-266
		This characterization primarily stemmed from the 1979 rule's reference to protecting ``streams with a biological community,'' but was also based on the agency's recognition that the condition for granting an exemption to the SBZ restriction--to restore the original stream channel--was too impractical.
		In most cases, impact of mining on those streams would be temporary because of the requirement to design and construct permanent diversions or stream channels to restore or approximate the premining characteristics of the original stream channel and natural riparian vegetation (draft final section 816.41(f)).
		For example, in the analyses of the projected impacts associated with the 1983 rule, we assumed that streams occurring in small watersheds (less than 1 square mile) might be adversely impacted by mining, even though we knew that many of these streams would be likely to come within the definition of ``intermittent'' or ``perennial'' streams.
	a257.g.akamaitech.net /7/257/2422/14mar20010800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2004/04-266.htm (10293 words)

	Identifying and Mapping Perennial Streams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		One of the major goals of the perennial stream project is to consistently field-identify and map all perennial streams using a scientifically valid protocol and include them in RPAs.
		The perennial stream identification and mapping project was initiated in March 2002.
		Although Fairfax County is focusing on identifying perennial streams, it is important to remember that the headwaters of stream systems begin as small, short-lived ephemeral streams, whose sources of flow originate from storm events.
	www.fairfaxcounty.gov /nvswcd/newsletter/perennial1.htm (1001 words)

	Study develops protocol for determining perennial stream origins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Stream channels that field teams discovered during field activities were also investigated.
		Perennial discharges are often present at stormwater management system outfalls, making it possible for a modified stream channel to have an ephemeral/perennial transition.
		This indicates that the perennial transition in some urban streams may be moving upstream rapidly as compared to the normal geological rate.
	www2.ncsu.edu /ncsu/CIL/WRRI/news/jf02gregory.html (964 words)

	How do you identify an intermittent stream?
		However, studies by the investigator on this project—in collaboration with DWQ—have revealed that the DWQ method is not reliable and consistent in determining the origin of perennial streams, whether that origin is the first-order stream origin or a transition from intermittent to perennial character along a stream.
		He will assist in developing specifications for intermittent and perennial stream determinations and will work with the consultant’s staff in the field during the planning phase of the project to ensure consistency of stream identification and location in accordance with DWQ guidance.
		The City of Greensboro’s Stream Identification and Mapping Project is the first large-scale stream identification and mapping project to be undertaken by a local government for regulatory purposes.
	www.ncsu.edu /ncsu/CIL/WRRI/annual/01uwcintermittent.html (524 words)

	Perennial Stream Mapping Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In Fairfax County, a perennial stream is defined as a body of water flowing in a natural or man-made channel year-round, except during periods of drought.
		Lakes and ponds that form the source of a perennial stream, or through which the perennial stream flows, are a part of the perennial stream.
		As part of the Perennial Streams Mapping Project, a Quality Control/Quality Assurance (QC) study was conducted throughout 2004, to check the accuracy and precision of the perennial stream determinations.
	166.94.9.135 /dpwes/watersheds/perennial.htm (774 words)

	CHARLES COLBURN - Final Decision (June 9, 1999) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		I therefore conclude that this portion of the brook is an intermittent and not a perennial stream, and hence is not a river.
		The Regulations also treat the obverse situation in which a stream is shown as intermittent on a U.S.G.S map and an assertion is made that the stream is perennial.
		Intermittent stream communities, while frequently being abundant, typically are less rich and less diverse than perennial stream communities...The most significant finding is the presence of [five to six inch long] chain pickerel in the stream, above what we consider to be an impassable barrier to upstream fish migration [the 10 foot high dam downstream].
	www.mass.gov /oaa/decision/99/colbu991.htm (3369 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A stream reach shown as intermittent on the maps may also be considered perennial if evidence can be shown of the presence of aquatic invertebrates that require perennial flows, if there is a USGS streamflow-gaging station upstream from the reach, or if the drainage area upstream from the reach is greater than 3 square miles.
		A statistical analysis of naturally-flowing streams would be conducted to derive an equation to predict the probability that a location on a stream with a given set of physical basin characteristics has zero flow.
		Stream reaches in the South Coastal Basins would be coded in a GIS data layer as perennial or intermittent based on this analysis.
	ma.water.usgs.gov /projects/ma158.htm (1018 words)

	Report on the Greensboro
		Perennial streams are continuously-running year-round spring-heads, springs, branches, creeks, and rivers.
		Intermittent streams are naturally-occurring ditches that carry water during and immediately after a rainstorm that remain wet for at least 48 hours AFTER the rain stops.
		The "Break-Points" from perennial (continuously wet streams) to intermittent (gravel and/or mud AFTER 48 hours of a rain), and from the intermittent to the ephemeral (totally dry WITHIN 48 hours after a rain) are also mapped by satellite and handheld GPS.
	www.propertyrightsresearch.org /report_on_the_greensboro.htm (1591 words)

	South California Steelhead ESU - Current Stream Habitat Distribution Table
		Stream has suitable and accessible spawning areas, perennial flows, and an intact riparian canopy.
		Stream characterized by clay (silt) and sandy substrate, several deep pools, abundant algae, limited spawning habitat and eroding banks (1993).
		In 1985, perennial flows from 0.75 miles upstream of south fork to 150 yards upstream from the confluence with Matilija Cr.
	swr.ucsd.edu /hcd/soCalDistrib.htm (5369 words)

	Archives: Story
		However, the conservation district also uses the following definition for a perennial stream: a stream which in the absence of diversions, impoundment, appropriation, or extreme drought, flows continuously at all seasons of the year, and during dry as well as wet years.
		Because of the extreme drought, streams in the area are starved of water.
		The capacity of the diversion structure on the stream is not adequate to pass peak flows.
	www.choteauacantha.com /articles/2003/10/16/news/news4.txt (1879 words)

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