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	Absolute pitch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Absolute pitch, widely referred to as perfect pitch, refers to the ability to identify a note by name without the benefit of a reference note, or to be able to produce a note (as in singing) that is the correct pitch without reference.
		They may have a harder time developing relative pitch than others, and for many musical tasks like transposition, lack of training in relative skills can trip up a musician with absolute pitch, who will attempt to use their absolute knowledge for what is clearly a relative task.
		Pitch recognition is now taught at the Eastman School of music and various "perfect pitch" courses have been offered since the early 1980s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Absolute_pitch (1180 words)

	Absolute pitch -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Absolute pitch, widely referred to as perfect pitch, can refer the ability to identify a note by name without the benefit of a reference note.
		The term is also less commonly used to describe the exact ((baseball) the throwing of a baseball by a pitcher to a batter) pitch of a note described by its number of vibrations per second.
		Musicians with passive absolute pitch are able to identify individual notes which they hear, and can identify the key of a composition (assuming some degree of musical training), but have trouble singing a given note on command.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ab/absolute_pitch.htm (822 words)

	Pitch
		The pitch perception of the human ear is understood to operate basically by the place theory, with some sharpening mechanism necessary to explain the remarkably high resolution of human pitch perception.
		The just noticeable difference in pitch is conveniently expressed in cents, and the standard figure for the human ear is 5 cents.
		Although for most practical purposes, the pitch of a sound can be said to be simply a measure of its frequency, there are circumstances in which a constant frequency sound can be perceived to be changing in pitch.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/sound/pitch.html (518 words)

	DAYBREAK - Name That Tone -- Scientists Look for Perfect Pitch Gene
		Perfect pitch, however, is not rare in Shaham's family.
		If a gene plays a role in perfect pitch it is present in all who possess the trait, so DNA samples -- taken from the blood -- must be collected from all so that researchers can comb their chromosomes.
		Some 35 people with perfect pitch have agreed to be part of the research, but the UCSF team needs 50 to 100 to make the study scientifically sound.
	www.ucsf.edu /daybreak/1997/06/609_tone.htm (1078 words)

	CNN - Study of 'perfect pitch' bolsters new theories of brain development - May 19, 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Perfect pitch is the rare ability to determine a musical note without first hearing a reference note.
		Zach Goldberger's perfect pitch was discovered by his music teacher by using a unique piano game when he was 5 years old.
		Schlaug's opinion is based on brain scans showing that perfect pitch musicians have an enlarged area in the left side of the brain that processes sound.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/9605/19/perfect.pitch (307 words)

	Perfect Pitch Ear Training Research
		Since flute, guitar, trumpet players, etc. all were tested on piano and not their own native instruments, any measured ability of pitch recognition on piano is quite remarkable, even to Burge, as Burge himself would not expect a flutist, for example, to recognize tones on the piano during these initial stages of Perfect Pitch development.
		Perfect Pitch is a high degree of aural acuity.
		Because of the effectiveness of the Burge Perfect Pitch technique and the apparent value of Perfect Pitch ability, it seems a reevaluation of theory course content and of methods of teaching ear training in schools, universities, and musical institutions is in order.
	www.eartraining.com /research.htm (1212 words)

	UCSF PRESS RELEASE - GENETICALLY SET FOR PERFECT PITCH YOU MIGHT BE, BUT WITHOUT EARLY TRAINING DON'T EXPECT TO ...
		The study, while interesting in itself, also identifies perfect pitch as a model trait for exploring the relative roles of "nature and nurture" in human behavior, says Jane Gitschier, PhD, a professor of medicine and pediatrics at UCSF and a co-principal investigator of the study.
		Perfect, or absolute, pitch, is the ability to recognize the pitch of a musical tone without an external reference, such as a piano tone.
		This finding suggests that only one of the two copies of the gene for perfect pitch would be required for developing the skill, but that other mitigating or co-existing factors, such as a genetic or environmental influence, could prevent the aptitude from being manifested either at all or to its full potential.
	www.ucsf.edu /pressrel/1998/01/0130pitc.html (844 words)

	Absolute Pitch ear training software for learning perfect pitch
		Absolute Pitch is a free-to-download ear-training application that will help you acquire absolute or perfect pitch.
		Perfect pitch therefore differs from relative pitch, with which a musician can identify notes by using knowledge of the intervals between them.
		Having absolute pitch makes it easier for a composer or performer, especially of atonal music, to retain and hear complex melodies and harmonies in his or her head (Schoenberg mentions his ability in a letter; Boulez is well known for it).
	www.silvawood.co.uk /pitch-intro.htm (314 words)

	Perfect Pitch Links
		It is likely that everyone is born with perfect pitch and then loses it as they grow older, for the simple reason that we do not need such a refined sense of hearing to go about our daily lives.
		Most native speakers of languages that use tones to convey meaning may have a form of perfect pitch, according to new research that suggests that many or even most babies may be born with perfect pitch, but lose it if they do not learn a tonal language or undergo early musical training.
		is either the exact pitch of a note described by its number of vibrations per second, or the ability, commonly referred to as perfect pitch, to identify a note by name without the benefit of a reference note.
	www.perfectpitchpeople.com /links (1150 words)

	Pitch and perfect pitch
		Some people think they may have perfect pitch because they can sometimes sing a requested note at more or less the correct pitch, or manage to name a note correctly without being first told what it is. You can in fact do this by memorizing or remembering certain pitches.
		The human sense of pitch is limited by the physiology of the ear and is simply not reliable enough to address and control the acoustical properties of piano string tones that need to be adjusted in piano tuning.
		Pitch consideration certainly comes into the process of piano tuning, but is subservient to other, more objective considerations.
	www.amarilli.co.uk /piano/perfectp.asp (764 words)

	perfect pitch software ear training for absolute pitch
		Some suggest that to have perfect pitch is a disadvantage for a singer.
		I do not believe this to be strictly true, although I agree that if a person has developed perfect pitch at a young age, they may not have developed a good sense of relative pitch, and if this is the case, that person would be disadvantaged as a singer.
		Perfect Pitch or Absolute Pitch is the ability to recognise tones without first hearing any reference tone.
	www.vocalist.org /perfectpitch.html (852 words)

	ASA 148th Meeting Lay Language Papers -Perfect Pitch in Tone Language Speakers Carries Over to Music
		Absolute pitch, popularly known as "perfect pitch," is the ability to name or produce a musical note of particular pitch without benefit of a reference note.
		On this line of reasoning, absolute pitch for music might then be acquired by tone language speakers in the same way as they would acquire the pitches of a second tone language.
		In this, the first large-scale study in which the prevalence of absolute pitch in normal populations was compared using a direct test, we examined the prevalence of absolute pitch in two groups of music students.
	www.aip.org /148th/deutsch.html (1741 words)

	PERFECT PITCH AND SUNDRY SYNDROMES
		Sacks says that perfect pitch, though common in musicians, occurs only in about 1 of every 10,000 people.
		Sachs claims that perfect pitch is is even more common among the savants.
		Perfect pitch is also common among those with Williams syndrome, which he defines as:
	www.science-frontiers.com /sf102/sf102b07.htm (201 words)

	The Myth of "Perfect Pitch" - 3
		For the record, here is a synopsis of how I might begin to conduct a clinical "search for perfect pitch." Note that it is only a starting point for such an experiment, as the detail for a rigorous scientific investigation is beyond the scope of this series of articles.
		This group claims "perfect pitch," so approximately once per hour at irregular intervals the test subjects would be asked to identify one tone — not a series of tones — by letter name, then by its exact frequency.
		Since a person with a highly developed sense of relative pitch (and not "perfect pitch") might conceivably perceive any series of pitches as being based upon the first tone, any test of pitch directly after the first tone would be irrelevant.
	www.unconservatory.org /perfect_pitch/3.html (1209 words)

	HHMI Bulletin: A Conversation with Jane Gitschier
		I gave the audience of about 100 people our operating definition of perfect pitch: If I played a tone without an external reference, a person with perfect pitch could identify that tone.
		If you don't get that musical input by a certain age, around age six, you'll lose the chance to have perfect pitch even if you have the right allele.
		It became obvious to me that she does not have perfect pitch, so I didn't push it.
	www.hhmi.org /bulletin/sept2001/perfectpitch/perfectpitch2.html (410 words)

	Is perfect pitch favored by natural selection?
		People with perfect pitch can identify, play, and/or sing a particular musical note without first hearing a reference note.
		A study of 500 musicians, with and without perfect pitch, by N. Freimer at the University of California, revealed that half of those claiming perfect pitch knew family members of like talent.
		Among musicians lacking perfect pitch, the figures were 1.1% and 1.3%, respectively.
	www.science-frontiers.com /sf111/sf111p07.htm (284 words)

	Tone Language Translates To Perfect Pitch: Mandarin Speakers More Likely To Acquire Rare Musical Ability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The visual equivalent is calling a red apple "red." While most people do this effortlessly, without, for example, having to compare a red to a green apple, perfect pitch is extremely rare in the U.S. and Europe, with an estimated prevalence in the general population of less than one in 10,000.
		To minimize the use of relative pitch (a much more common ability where listeners rely on reference notes for help), all intervals between successive tones were larger than an octave.
		Perfect pitch was defined as a score of 85 percent correct.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/11/041114235846.htm (1139 words)

	University of California Absolute Pitch Study
		Absolute Pitch, commonly referred to as Perfect Pitch, is an intriguing behavioral trait involved in music perception and is defined as the ability to recognize the pitch of a musical tone without an external reference pitch.
		To be considered a Perfect Pitch possessor, an individual must have the ability to identify pitches accurately and instantaneously.
		A large survey was conducted to assess the role of musical training in the development of Perfect Pitch and to evaluate whether this trait aggregates in families.
	perfectpitch.ucsf.edu /ppstudy.html (1036 words)

	Born With The Perfect Pitch? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Not surprisingly, the adults in her test all performed well on measures of relative pitch and poorly on absolute pitch.
		Saffran's lab developed a test to manipulate the pitches of songs to determine whether her learners were following absolute or relative pitch.
		With absolute pitch, it may be a case of use it or lose it.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2001/02/010222074848.htm (1023 words)

	News in Science - Researchers pinpoint perfect pitch - 28/06/2002
		"We've been studying high caliber musicians with perfect pitch and we've found that a part of the brain in the right frontal lobe lights up when they are asked to identify a pitch," she said.
		Dr Wilson is now interested in investigating the degree to which perfect pitch is something that can be learnt or whether you have to be born with it.
		A challenge here, however, is that nearly all professional musicians with perfect pitch have been trained during the critical period.
	www.abc.net.au /science/news/stories/s593744.htm (598 words)

	Perfect Pitch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Three years ago, a group led by neurologist Gottfried Schlaug found that musicians with perfect pitch had a larger area called the planum temporale in the left temporal lobe (Science, 3 February 1995, pp.
		The brain area identified in the tone task had been previously linked to an ability to associate a stimulus with a response; in this case the stimulus is a tone and the response the word for it.
		The authors suggest that people with perfect pitch may have "the ability to retrieve an arbitrary association between a stimulus and a verbal label." Their findings also add to evidence that musical ability is not confined to the right side of the brain, says Schlaug, now at Boston's Beth Israel Hospital.
	www.geocities.com /Vienna/3612/AbsPitch.html (376 words)

	Jack Grassel Guitarist Extraordinaire
		A person with Perfect Pitch hears the same car as cluster of pitches eminating from the tires, car body and wind which triggers memories of songs containing those pitches.
		To a person with "Perfect Pitch", diminished chords, major sevenths, major sixths and various inversions of dominant and minor chords come through the night silence reducing the ability to sleep.
		It seems that the sensitivity to pitch is at an all time high at birth and is reduced gradually to the level it will remain for the rest of one's life by the age 4 and a half.
	www.jackgrassel.com /pages/perfect_pitch.html (1606 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| Mandarin Chinese speaks volumes in giving the young an ear for music
		Perfect pitch, though common among the great composers, is extremely rare in Europe and the US, where just one in 10,000 is thought to have the skill.
		The researchers found that of the students who began music lessons between the ages of four and five, 14% of Americans had perfect pitch, compared with 60% of Chinese.
		As with language, learning perfect pitch is likely to be easier around the ages of six to 18 months.
	www.guardian.co.uk /china/story/0,7369,1353606,00.html (512 words)

	ASA 145th Meeting Lay Language Papers -Evidence for Distinct Types of "Perfect Pitch" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Mozart and Beethoven) have possessed a talent called "perfect pitch." Traditionally, this has been defined as the ability to recognize or produce a musical note without first hearing a tone with known pitch.
		Whether perfect pitch is learned early in life or inherited has been a matter of great controversy.
		Individuals claiming to have "perfect pitch" were recruited and initially classified as having AP or HTM.
	www.acoustics.org /press/145th/Ross.htm (260 words)

	The Infinte Mind: Perfect Pitch
		They agree that perfect pitch, which is sometimes called absolute pitch, is the ability to name and produce notes.
		But Gregersen believes that perfect pitch is a "distinct ability," that people either have the ability or don't.
		Levitin also breaks perfect pitch into several talents, including the ability to sing a popular, song from memory on the note it usually begins in recordings.
	www.wsf.org /music/articles/mind135.htm (1005 words)

	Perfect pitch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		They tend to identify pitch by having one or two reference pitches in their head (typically an open string on a violin, or something).
		When they hear a pitch, they can compare it to the reference pitch, see what the interval between the two pitches is, and calculate the pitch that they heard from that.
		Sometimes I see someone claim that perfect pitch is a bad thing because the hearer concentrates on the individual pitches too much and not enough on the music.
	www.dfan.org /pitch.html (468 words)

	THE TUNING FORK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A: "Perfect Pitch" is the rare ability, considered by some to be genetic, to identify specific pitches without an external reference point.
		My sister has perfect pitch, and when we were children, I used to "test" her by playing a note on the piano when she couldn’t see my hands.
		With "relative pitch" a person can identify a note, given a "reference point." Many/most Orthodox musicians develop relative pitch from their years of singing a capella.
	www.jacwell.org /the_tuning_fork/issue_4.htm (1780 words)

	YAM September/October 2003 - Perfect Pitch
		The Perfect Pitch Ear Training SuperCourse and similar enterprises like to promulgate the notion that AP is a skill anyone can acquire, given the proper training and instructional tapes (operators are standing by).
		"With perfect pitch you're able to recognize a tone as, say, A, but there's a range within that A," says Joanna Maurer, the violinist with AP who is a member of the American Chamber Players.
		In actual musical performance, especially with a group, she explains, "Perfect pitch does not mean perfect intonation.
	www.yalealumnimagazine.com /issues/03_09/perfectpitch.html (1902 words)

	Fast, Perfect Pitch Laps! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As the pitch squares begin to close in during use, the facet walls slowly steepen to 90 degrees, requiring trimming only after they have moved well beyond 90 degrees and threaten to contact each other.
		The 10 degree pyramid angle is also present in the outer edges of the lap mold; when used to make laps for large mirrors in "tiling" mode, this butts precisely against a previously poured pitch square column, assuring a perfect, seamless transition between lap sections.
		The "Perfect Pitch" lap mold has a continuous floor, which lets you lay it directly upon your mirror without risk of pitch sticking to the mirror.
	home.comcast.net /~kevin_mccarthy/Pitchlaps/bullets.html (392 words)

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