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Topic: Perfluorooctanoic acid

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	EPA: SAB: Perfluorooctanoic Acid Human Health Risk Assessment Review Panel (PFOA Review Panel)
		Draft Agenda for the SAB Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Risk Assessment Review Panel Public Teleconference, Wednesday, July 6, 2005.
		Agenda for the SAB Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Risk Assessment Review Panel Public Meeting, Tuesday, February 22, 2005; and Wednesday, February 23, 2005.
		Agenda for the SAB Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Risk Assessment Review Panel Public Teleconference, Tuesday, January 25, 2005.
	www.epa.gov /sab/panels/pfoa_rev_panel.htm (1168 words)

	Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Investigation Intensified: Serious Health Concerns PRESS RELEASE / EPA 14apr03 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Today EPA is releasing a preliminary risk assessment for the chemical PFOA and is encouraging the public and other interested parties to participate in identifying and generating additional information that will allow the Agency to further develop its risk assessment.
		PFOA, also known as perfluorooctanoic acid, is used as a processing aid in the manufacture of a wide variety of consumer and industrial products, and may also be formed during the environmental breakdown of related chemicals.
		Studies recently evaluated by the Agency have raised a number of potential toxicity concerns, and when combined with information that the general U.S. population may be exposed to very low levels of PFOA, has led the Agency to conclude that additional scientific information is needed to determine if new regulatory actions are necessary.
	www.mindfully.org /Plastic/Teflon/Perfluorooctanoic-Acid-PFOA-EPA14apr03.htm (926 words)

	Health Risk of Teflon
		Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), the main ingredient of Teflon, has been found at low levels in the blood of the general population, including in umbilical cord blood, which shows that embryos and fetuses are now exposed to PFOAs.
		While the health risks of exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid are not fully understood, researchers have linked the chemical to birth defects in the offspring of DuPont employees who worked in the production of Teflon during the 1980s.
		Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been found at low levels (10 to 100 parts per billion) in sera of the general population and at higher levels in occupationally exposed workers.
	www.truehealth.org /ahealn43.html (1109 words)

	SKAPP :: Case Studies in Science Policy :: perfluorooctanoic acid
		This case study is about environmental and occupational exposure to a chemical called perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA); the sequestering and the revelation of information about potentially severe health problems associated with exposure.
		The EPA Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics released a preliminary hazard assessment of PFOA (“Draft Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Its Salts”) in April 2002.
		As part of the hazard review, EPA published an interim revised hazard assessment (“Revised Draft Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Its Salts”) in November 2002.
	www.defendingscience.org /case_studies/perfluorooctanoic-acid.cfm (3287 words)

	Perfluorooctanoic Acid PFOA Exposure - Teflon Concerns
		conducting tests for Perfluorooctanoic Acid exposure have found the chemical (PFOA) in people all around the world.
		Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) exposure, please contact a qualified environmental law aid regarding your concerns.
		And watch the news, as more and more stories about this potential danger are bound to come out soon in the press.
	www.perfluorooctanoicacid.com (180 words)

	DuPont Denies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		DuPont said perfluorooctanoic acid was not a hazard at levels outlined in the federal complaint and said the federal agency had been aware of some of the disputed information for years.
		Last month, the EPA said DuPont violated federal pollution control laws by failing to report details about the releases of perfluorooctanoic acid and its potential toxicity.
		The two sides have 60 days to reach settlement before the case is referred for a hearing before an administrative law judge, Bergman said.
	www.bruha.com /science/html/dupont_denies.html (483 words)

	iGreenBuild.com - Article Detail
		Perfluorooctanoic acid is a processing aid used in the manufacture of fluoropolymers, which have many product applications including nonstick cookware.
		Wilmrngton, Del-based Du Pont Co owner of the Teflon brand, is the sole producer of perfluorooctanoic acid in North America.
		Johnson, the EPA administrator, is free to accept or reject the advisory board's recommendations regarding perfluorooctanoic acid.
	www.igreenbuild.com /cd_2335.aspx (348 words)

	PFOAs
		Perfluorooctanoic Acid, also commonly referred to by its acronym PFOA, is a synthetic chemical that is not naturally occuring in the environment.
		PFOA is used to refer to not only the Perfluorooctanoic Acid, but also its principal salts and Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS).
		These groups of compounds are typically used to aid in the manufacturing of fluoropolymers.
	www.accustandard.com /asi/np_pfoa.php3 (163 words)

	Dupont C8 -- Ohio Citizen Action
		Perfluorooctanoic acid, also known as PFOA or C-8, is used in the manufacturing of stain-resistant carpets, nonstick cookware and fast-food wrappers.
		A common coating that keeps them pristine has recently been found to break down into perfluorooctanoic acid, also known as PFOA or C8, a persistent compound that accumulates inside the body and has been fingered as a possible carcinogen.
		Perfluorooctanoic acid, or C8, started a firestorm in southern Ohio after it was found in drinking water in five Ohio towns and in as many communities in West Virginia...Ohio EPA records obtained by The Dispatch show C8 was found in wastewater tests Du-Pont conducted in July and in October 2004 at the Circleville plant.
	www.ohiocitizen.org /campaigns/dupont_c8/2005b.htm (10682 words)

	Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) standards available: News from Accustandard
		Toxicological studies have shown that exposure to PFOAs (perfluorooctanoic acid) can result in developmental/reproductive toxicity, liver toxicity, and possibly lung cancer
		PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) and its derivatives result from the thermal and biological decomposition of fluoropolymers.
		Recent studies by the EPA have indicated the potential need for concern and the necessity for additional analytical testing and monitoring.
	www.laboratorytalk.com /news/ata/ata105.html (218 words)

	Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA), Fluorinated Telomers; Request for Comment, Solicitation of Interested Parties for ...
		In the ECF process, an electric current is passed through a solution of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and an organic feedstock of octanoic acid or a derivative.
		After disposal or recovery of some of the byproducts and impurities, the acid fluoride is base hydrolyzed in batch reactors to yield PFOA.
		The PFOA salts are synthesized by base neutralization of the acid to the salt in a separate reactor.
	www.mindfully.org /Plastic/Teflon/PFOA-Federal-Register16apr03.htm (7446 words)

	Alternative to Controversial Perfluorooctanoic Acid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Fluorine chemist and Trinity Western University Professor, Chad Friesen, PhD, has developed a revolutionary environment-friendly process that utilizes a stable compound originally used as a lubricant.
		Presently, some fluoropolymers are manufactured using the essential processing aid, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA).
		PFOAs, along with other perfluorochemicals, are extremely useful in industry because their unique molecular structure prevents them from mixing with water or oil, allowing regular materials to become impermeable to grease or water.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?newsID=6284 (644 words)

	Determination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) extractable from the surface of ..... (DOI: 10.1039/b505377c)
		Determination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) extractable from the surface of.....
		Determination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) extractable from the surface of commercial cookware under simulated cooking conditions by LC/MS/MS
		Salts of pentadecafluorooctanoic acid are frequently used as polymerization aids during their manufacture.
	www.rsc.org /delivery/_ArticleLinking/DisplayHTMLArticleforfree.cfm?JournalCode=AN&Year=2005&ManuscriptID=b505377c&Iss=9 (2602 words)

	Newsletter from the Chrysotile Institute
		According to Chicago’s Tribune, DuPont has been sued by a group of 60,000 citizens in Ohio, living in the proximity of a Teflon factory, alleging that their drinking water was contaminated by effluents of the factory.
		According to EPA, traces of acid perfluorooctanoic can be found in the organism of more than 90% of Americans (blood samples).
		According to Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, the acid perfluorooctanoic, just like the sulphonate perfluorooctane (SPFO), are perfluored acids (PFA), which were recently detected in the liver and the blood of Arctic polar bears and seals, and in particularly in certain samples from Nunavut.
	www.chrysotile.com /data/newsletter_9/9_3_en.html (643 words)

	Perfluorochemical and Health: Environmental Health - Minnesota Dept. of Health
		Two of the chemicals in the PFC group are perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; C8F17SO3) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA; C8F15O2H).
		The term “PFOA” is used to indicate not only perfluorooctanoic acid itself, but also its principal salts.
		The most commonly used PFOA salt is sometimes called "C8." The "C8" name came about because the compound includes a string of eight carbon atoms that are bonded to fluorine atoms.
	www.health.state.mn.us /divs/eh/hazardous/topics/pfcshealth.html (1170 words)

	EPA Seeking PFOA Reductions \| Newsroom \| US EPA
		(Washington, D.C.-Jan. 25, 2006) EPA is launching a global stewardship program inviting companies to reduce PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic acid) releases and its presence in products by 95 percent by no later than 2010 and to work toward eliminating these sources of exposure five years after that but no later than 2015.
		PFOA is an essential processing aid in the manufacture of fluoropolymers, which are used in the manufacture of a wide range of non-stick and stain-resistant surfaces and products.
		PFOA, also known as C8 or Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate (APFO), is used in the manufacturing process of fluoropolymers.
	yosemite.epa.gov /opa/admpress.nsf/68b5f2d54f3eefd28525701500517fbf/fd1cb3a075697aa485257101006afbb9!OpenDocument (573 words)

	ES&T Online News: It’s in the microwave popcorn, not the Teflon pan
		The fluorotelomers are known to break down to produce PFOA, a suspected carcinogen that is commonly found in the blood of U.S. citizens.
		Results of a study by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published in October reveal that compounds known to break down into the suspected carcinogen PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) may be served up to millions of unwitting consumers in bags of microwave popcorn.
		Another 7% of the fluorotelomer alcohol is metabolized to intermediate acids that are also expected to eventually degrade to PFOA.
	pubs.acs.org /subscribe/journals/esthag-w/2005/nov/science/rr_popcorn.html (757 words)

	Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorononanoic Acid in Fetal and Neonatal Mice Following In Utero Exposure to 8-2 ...
		Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorononanoic Acid in Fetal and Neonatal Mice Following In Utero Exposure to 8-2 Fluorotelomer Alcohol -- Henderson and Smith 95 (2): 452 -- Toxicological Sciences
		Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorononanoic Acid in Fetal and Neonatal Mice Following In Utero Exposure to 8-2 Fluorotelomer Alcohol
		To whom correspondence should be addressed at National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 960 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605.
	toxsci.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/short/95/2/452?rss=1 (473 words)

	PFOA : Perfluorooctanoic Acid Discussion
		Companies that use PFOA have committed to providing the EPA and the scientific community with additional data that should help develop a greater understanding of PFOA exposure and sources.
		The 3M company has indicated that it will not resume the manufacturing of Perfluorooctanoic Acid, and further will continue to monitor its workers and local groundwater, surface water and environmental media.
		Manufacturing Group have committed to reduce emmisions and study to determine if their products may be a source of PFOA.
	www.pfoa.com /where-will-the-PFOA-discussion-of-concerns-go-from-here.html (198 words)

	Dupont C8 -- Ohio Citizen Action
		A chemical used to make it, perfluorooctanoic acid — PFOA — has been turning up in people and animals worldwide: river otters in Oregon, polar bears in the Canadian Arctic and in the blood of 96 percent of children tested in 23 states.
		A chemical used to make it, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), has been turning up in people and animals worldwide: river otters in Oregon, polar bears in the Canadian Arctic, and in the blood of 96 percent of children tested in 23 states.
		The EPA in July accused DuPont of failing to properly report the discovery of perfluorooctanoic acid, also called PFOA or C-8, in drinking water near the company's Washington, W.Va., plant.
	www.ohiocitizen.org /campaigns/dupont_c8/dupont_c8.2004b.html (5748 words)

	EPA Says Teflon Could Put Your Health at Risk 2/2/05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The EPA ruled that exposure to a chemical used to make Teflon, commonly used as a coating for non-stick cookware, could put your health at risk.
		Even low levels of the chemical, perfluorooctanoic acid and its salts, known as PFOA, or C-8, were problematic.
		Exposure to the chemical creates "a potential risk of developmental and other adverse effects," the EPA said in a draft risk assessment based on animal studies.
	sites.mercola.com /2005/feb/2/teflon.htm (782 words)

	PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID (ICSC)
		Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases, strong acids, strong reducing agents, food and feedstuffs.
		Prepared in the context of cooperation between the International Programme on Chemical Safety and the Commission of the European Communities © IPCS, CEC 2005
		The solution in water is a weak acid.
	www.intox.org /databank/documents/chemical/supp/eics1613.htm (294 words)

	A Small Dose Of... Toxicology
		PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) and fluorinated telomers - Blood samples from people around the world are showing elevated levels.
		U.S. - Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Fluorinated Telomers - summary of current information (accessed: 17 August 2004).
		Your high cholesterol may not be from what you eat as much as it could be from what cookware was used to prepare your food.
	www.asmalldoseof.org /toxicology/new_topics.php (763 words)

	ACSH > Health Issues >
		Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Human Health (from Technology)
		Concern has been raised about the possible human health effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and related compounds, which have been detected in human blood in a number of locations.
		Evidence suggests that these compounds are persistent in the environment and in the human body.
	www.acsh.org /healthissues/newsID.1305/healthissue_detail.asp (245 words)

	PFOA-facts.com, a resource for information about PFOA
		SPI Statement on the EPA SAB Panel PFOA Report (2/2/06)
		Welcome to www.PFOA-facts.com, a resource for information about the industrial chemical known as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA).
		The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. (SPI) has created this web site to address questions you may have about PFOA and the products made with it.
	www.pfoa-facts.com (502 words)

	ES&T Online News: Scientists hail PFOA reduction plan
		EPA’s call to voluntarily reduce PFOA and related chemicals, a primary agent in producing nonstick and stain-resistant products, will remove the chemicals from the environment years earlier than if the agency had gone the regulatory route, scientists predict.
		The U.S. EPA’s call to eight manufacturers to voluntarily eliminate PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid), its precursors, and related chemicals has been hailed as a regulatory breakthrough by environmental scientists.
		Mabury points to recent measurements showing that PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate) levels in Arctic polar bears are declining.
	pubs.acs.org /subscribe/journals/esthag-w/2006/mar/policy/rr_PFOAreduction.html (889 words)

	Perfluorooctanoic Acid PFOA \| Legal News Watch
		Environmental Working Group last week called on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to fine DuPont for illegally hiding information about the risks of injury from the synthetic chemical Perflourooctanoic Acid (PFOA), which is used to manufacture some Teflon products.
		The U.S. Environment Protection Agency set off a warning bell when it released a preliminary assessment of the health risks associated to a Teflon-related chemical found in consumer products from Teflon pans and Gore-Tex jackets to water-resistant carpets.
		The EPA announced that is requiring DuPont and other manufacturers of perfluorooctanoic acid, or PFOA, to take a […]
	www.legalnewswatch.com /tags/perfluorooctanoic-acid-pfoa (204 words)

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