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	Pergamum Kingdom
		Pergamum Kingdom was built on the ashes of the Hellenistic Kingdoms in Asia Minor.
		This series of events brought Pergamum in a short period of time, from a small city-state status to a large kingdom that ruled most of Asia Minor, from Propontis to Aegean coast and into central Anatolian plateau as far as into Konya.
		On the other hand, Roman support for Pergamum, did not stop Prusias I, the king of Bithynia and Pharnaces I, the king of Pontus from attacking Pergamum at every opportunity, and these wars were ended by Roman intervention.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /historical/pergamum_kingdom.htm (1605 words)

	Pergamum - Kusadasi Guide - Historical Places
		The foundation of acropolis in Pergamum depended on social and cultural activities which we can consider it to be the daily life.
		Pergamum had the fame to be the first city who showed reaction to the functional urbanism of Hippodamus as they preferred ornamental urbanism.
		Heroon in Pergamum was the shrine in which the kings especially Attalus I and Eumenes II were worshipped.
	www.kusadasi.net /historical/pergamum.htm (409 words)

	Pergamum (Pergamon) - Turkey
		Pergamum was an ancient city founded by colonists on the Aegean coast of Anatolia at the site of the present-day city of Bergama.
		Pergamum later became the capital of a flourishing Hellenistic kingdom and one of the principal centers of Hellenistic civilization.
		Pergamum attained a high culture in the Hellenistic era, boasting an outstanding library that rivaled in importance that of Alexandria, a famous school of sculpture and excellent public buildings and monuments of which the Zeus Altar is the best example.
	www.ephesusguide.org /pergamum_tours.php (2251 words)

	Pergamos - Pergamum
		Pergamum or Pergamos was the capital city of the province of Asia mentioned in Revelation as one of the seven churches of Asia.
		Pergamum shone with the great altar and costly buildings raised by the Attilid kings out of a treasury fattened by the labor of slaves in state forests, fields, mines, and factories.
		The tragedy caused Antony to despoil the famous library at Pergamum in the 2nd century BC and remove it to Egypt as a present to Cleopatra to reimburse Alexandria for the volumes destroyed.
	latter-rain.com /escha/pergam.htm (1836 words)

	Pergamum: Four Nations' Memories
		Pergamum's majestic Acropolis is visible miles away, dominating the town, whose old centre is surrounded by the amorphous mass of identical concrete blocks.
		Pergamum was once one of the most important Hellenistic cities, ruled by a series of tyrants who adorned it with splendid public buildings.
		Pergamum was the culmination of Greek city planning, its layout making maximum use of its dramatic natural setting with the explicit aim to impress.
	www.helleniccomserve.com /pergamum.html (2412 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Pergamum
		Pergamum An ancient city in what is now Turkey, some 20 km (12 miles) inland from the west coast of Asia Minor.
		It became capital of Mysia (an important kingdom in the Attalid dynasty) in the 3rd century bc and flourished as a centre of Hellenistic civilization.
		The name is a corruption of Pergamum, the ancient city of Asia Minor where preparation of parchment suitable for use on both sides was achieved in the 2d cent.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Pergamum (806 words)

	Pergamum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pergamum existed at least from the 5th century BC, but it became important only in the Hellenistic Age (323-330 BC), when it served as the residence of the Attalid dynasty.
		Initially they ruled Pergamum as vassals of the Seleucid Kingdom, but Eumenes I declared himself independent of Antiochus I (263 BC); when he died in 241 he was succeeded by his nephew Attalus I, who defeated the Galatians and assumed the royal title; the dynasty received its name from him.
		The Attalids made the city of Pergamum one of the most important and beautiful of all Greek cities in the Hellenistic Age; it is one of the most outstanding examples of city planning in that period.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /imperialism/notes/pergamum.html (561 words)

	Pergamum - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Pergamum, also known as Pergamon or Pergamos, ancient city about 20 km (12 mi) from the west coast of Asia Minor, in Mysia (now Turkey), and later...
		Galen was born in Pergamum (Bergama, in modern Turkey) and received a traditional education in the liberal arts.
		Galen of Pergamum, also a Greek, was the most important physician of this period and is second only to Hippocrates in the medical history of...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Pergamum.html (94 words)

	Revelation Chapter 2, Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum and Thyatira (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pergamum became a city-state under the control of the Seleucid’s in 263 B.C. The city later changed alliances to Rome, and still later under Attalus II (159-138 B.C.) the city was willed to Rome.
		This was happening in Pergamum, the church was permitting practices of the pagan Greeks to be introduced into the church.
		Pergamum not only embraced their doctrines, they allowed them to be part of their leadership.
	www.truthnet.org /christianity/revelation/revelation2 (5759 words)

	Asia, Mysia
		Pergamum was granted its freedom of sorts by the governor of Asia, Publius Servilius Isauricus, who had taken steps in the senate to protect the provinces from excessive advantage by Roman capitalists.
		Pergamum was completely Hellenistic in culture upon its appropriation, a culture which Rome prized and imitated, and Pergamum became the capital of the East for the Imperial Cult.
		Pergamum passed from a kingdom to the Roman province of Mysia then to the province of Asia before it was deemed a democracy under the hegemony of the Roman Empire, but its culture never failed to thrive, surviving every upheaval.
	www.usd.edu /~clehmann/pir/asiamysi.htm (1081 words)

	Bible Study - Pergamum
		Pergamum, or Pergamos, was a major city of Mysia, in Asia Minor, in what is today Turkey.
		Pergamum's throne-like altar of Zeus, that some have speculated was the symbolic "Satan's throne" reference in Revelation 2:13, is now in the Berlin Museum.
		Pergamum is mentioned in The Bible as one of the "seven churches of Asia." Christians there were rebuked for deviating from the truth that they once held by following the idolatrous and immoral teachings of Balaam and the Nicolaitans.
	www.keyway.ca /htm2001/20011213.htm (492 words)

	Message to Pergamum - Pastor Peter's Bible Insights (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pergamum was a strongly fortified city built on a steep mountain 1165 feet
		Pergamum was liberated from the Persians by Alexander the Great.
		In 347 Eusebius, bishop of Pergamum, attended the synod of Sardica.
	hometown.aol.com /peterwebit/Revpergamum.html (599 words)

	[No title]
		The foundation of acropolis in Pergamum depended on social and cultural activities which we can consider it to be the daily life.
		Heroon in Pergamum was the shrine in which the kings especially Attalus I and Eumenes II were worshipped.
		The Library of Pergamum was rich in sources but when the Egyptians prohibited the export of papyrus, Pergamum King ordered a new material to be found which can take the place of papyrus.
	www.meandertravel.com /ephesustours/pergamum.htm (1026 words)

	Pergamum
		Pergamum was a cultural center famous for its library which contained 200,000 rolls - second only to Alexandria.
		Pergamum also contained the temple to Asklepious called Asklepious Sator which is translated as Asklepious saviour to the world.
		Pergamum represents the church age from 312 to 606.
	www.ductape.net /~davidhamblin/revelation/pergamum.shtml (788 words)

	Pergamum - Travel Link Turkey
		Pergamene fought against the Galatians between 229-228 BC, and all of the confrontations resulted with the victory of pergamum, which was subsequently adorned with impressive monuments and the construction of famous Altar of Zeus begun.
		Pergamum continued to be an important center during the Roman period.
		Pergamum is one of the Seven Churches of the Revelation.
	www.travellinkturkey.com /pergamum.html (2189 words)

	Pergamum and Troy, Turkey - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		To his reign belong the altar of Zeus and the development of the library, founded by his father, where a group of scholars established a school of grammatical study in opposition to the scholars of the Alexandrian library.
		The prosperity and power of Pergamum continued under Attalus II Philadelphus, who reigned from about 160 to 138 BC, and Attalus III Philometor, who reigned from 138 to 133 BC; the last-named ruler, having no heirs, bequeathed his kingdom to the Romans.
		Under Roman control, Pergamum remained one of the chief cities of Asia Minor, being the capital of the province of Asia.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /pergamum_turkey.htm (887 words)

	Jesus' Letters to the Churches, Lesson 5: Pergamum (Leader's Notes) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pergamum held the official honor of being the provincial capital of Roman Asia, though this honor was in fact also claimed by Ephesus and Smyrna.
		Pergamum, as the provincial capital, was one of the few cities granted the power by Rome to inflict capital punishment.
		Remember that Pergamum was a city to which Rome had given the rare power of capital punishment, which was symbolized by the sword and was known as "the right of the sword." Thus Jesus reminded the Christians in Pergamum that the Roman rule and law was limited and temporal.
	www.path-light.com /Rev05b.htm (2907 words)

	Entering Great Pergamum
		Altogether, the acropolis of Pergamum was more beautiful than that of Athens, as it was built within two generations to a unified plan.
		When the Egyptians prohibited the export of papyrus, the rulers of Pergamum found a new material to replace it: a parchment made of sheep or goat-skin, polished with pumice stone and slit into sheets.
		Mark Antony, who controlled Pergamum as part of his settlement with Augustus before Actium, later gave the contents of the library to his lover, Cleopatra, as a wedding present, and it passed to the great Alexandrine Library in Egypt.
	www.ancientworlds.net /3480 (553 words)

	Pergamum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pergamum is a city in Western Turkey on the Aegean Sea coast.
		Pergamum lied on a mountain, on a hill of this mountain is built the Theatre of Pergamum.
		But the acropolis of Pergamum is one of the fairest.
	library.thinkquest.org /17709/cities/pergamum.htm (162 words)

	pergamum txt
		Pergamum dates back to 1000 BC, perhaps earlier, but there is no written evidence until 399 BC when the city emerged as a power during the struggle for territorial control following the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC.
		Pergamum was also a center for the worship of a pantheon of pagan deities (Egyptian, Greek, Roman) and, as the provincial capital, it was the official home of the emperor worship cult, a great honor for the city and its leaders.
		But, twice in his letter to the church in Pergamum, John mocks the city's status as a cult center for emperor worship with the use of the phrases: "where Satan has his throne" and "where Satan lives." To John, the emperor was not a god to be worshiped, but Satan incarnate.
	www.ourfatherlutheran.net /biblehomelands/sevenchurches/pergamum/pergamtxt.htm (2561 words)

	Pergamum (BiblePlaces.com)
		One of the seven churches addressed in Revelation, the city of Pergamum became the center of a large kingdom in the 3rd century B.C. and retained its status as a political and cultural leader into the Byzantine period.
		This large complex at Pergamum was originally constructed in the 4th century B.C. and became an official center in the the 3rd c.
		Pergamum (Kusadasi Guide) Among other details, this article discusses the architectural philosophy of this influential city, as it reflected the cultural and social values of its people.
	www.bibleplaces.com /pergamum.htm (495 words)

	Pergamum
		Built on a very steep slope, the Pergamum theatre is one of the Hellenistic period's finest architectural achievements.
		The people of Pergamum built this very alluring temple on the north side of the 250m- long theatre terrace, specifically so it would dominate the landscape of the area.
		The altar, only the foundation of which is still in Pergamum, has been reconstructed and is today on display, with all of its reliefs, in the Berlin Museum.
	www.ephesusexcursions.com /pergamum.htm (1253 words)

	Pergamum
		Pergamum is located around 15 miles inland from the Aegean sea (the sea on which both Ephesus and Smyrna are located) on a humped or cone-shaped hill that dominates the Caicus plain.
		Indeed, it appears as if Pergamum was plagued with idolatry, and statues and idols were widespread, Morris noting that one author has labelled the city as ‘the Lourdes of the ancient world’ (Ungers notes that the city ‘...was a sort of union of a pagan cathedral city, a university town and a royal residence...’).
		Pergamum was a place where satan dwelt and, in such a situation as this, it could not have been easy to hold on to the faith and to the name of Christ even from the viewpoint of having temptation at close around you wherever you went.
	www.arlev.clara.net /pergamum.htm (7420 words)

	Library/Athena Altar
		Pergamum had one of the world’s foremost libraries.
		Second in size only to the library at Alexandria in Egypt, Pergamum’s library was said to have had 200,000 volumes.
		The size and quality of the collection was enhanced by the use of parchment, a leather writing material that was developed at Pergamum.
	www.luthersem.edu /ckoester/Revelation/Pergamum/Library.htm (88 words)

	Pergamum and Troy
		The hill in background is the Acropolis of Pergamum:, on which the center of the town was built.
		Pergamum: Temple of Trajan: ruins, with the city wall in the background.
		Pergamum: : Entrance to the city, with the temple of Athena on the left.
	www.uwsp.edu /geo/projects/geoweb/participants/dutch/Turkey71/Troy.HTM (453 words)

	Pergamum - Research the news about Pergamum - from HighBeam Research
		It became a province of Asia, and was soon eclipsed by Ephesus as the chief city of the region.
		A Dictionary of the Bible; 1997; W. BROWNING; 39 Words Pergamum One of the cities whose Church is addressed in Revelation (2: 12); capital of the Roman province of Asia, and the site of ‘ Satan's throne’ (Rev. 2: 13), which perhaps means that it was a centre of worship of the Roman emperor.
		churches, to Ephesus and to Smyrna and to Pergamum and to Thyatira and to Sardis and to...
	www.highbeam.com /search.aspx?q=Pergamum&ref_id=ency_botnm (979 words)

	Pergamum
		The church in Pergamum probably began through the efforts of Paul when he was in Ephesus as the word spread to all Asia (Acts 19:10). Our principle source of information about this church comes from the letter Jesus wrote to them as recorded in Revelation 2:12-17.
		The Temple to Trajan was built on the acropolis of Pergamum for th e worship of that emperor.
		The Asclepieum. Asclepias was the god of healing and Pergamum honored him with a temple which became a great attraction for those wanting to be healed. Diet, cold baths, exercise, herbal remedies, the honey cure, drinking the waters of the spring and coatings of mud were among the treatments offered. Sleeping in the sanctuary
	www.oc.edu /president/greece_turkey_tour/Pergamum.aspx (192 words)

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