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Topic: Perianth

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	The Succulent Plant Page: Glossary of Botanical Terms
		Perianth - the combined structure comprising the calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals).
		Perianth segment (tepal) - the leaf like and sterile parts of a flower, especially used if these parts are not distinguishable into calyx and corolla.
		Petal - one of the segments of the inner perianth segments or corolla.
	www.succulent-plant.com /glossary/plantglossaryp.html (1755 words)

	LAURACEAE [Draft]
		The perianth biseriate, of usually 6 or 4 basally connate usually undifferentiated sepal-like segments, deciduous or persistent, the tube usually persisting as a cupule at the base of fruit.
		Perianth segments 4, elliptic, male flowers: fertile stamens 6–8, filaments covered with pubescence at base, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 shield-shaped stipitate glands at base; rudimentary pistil ovoid, style with pubescence.
		Perianth tube densely hispid; segments 4, oblong, 2.5–3 mm, apex obtuse or acute, ciliate.
	flora.huh.harvard.edu /china/mss/volume07/Lauraceae-MO_edited.htm (7120 words)

	Brodiaea Vascular Strands
		The staminodes are attached to the outer perianth segments.
		The floral dimensions, vasculature of inner perianth segments, and green ovary indicate that it is Coastal BTK and not B.
		Inner perianth segment of Brodiaea jolonensis from Monterey County.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /vernal3g.htm (1442 words)

	Key characteristics of monocot families
		Perianth 2 whorls of 3 tepals, free or united; stamens 6; carpels 3; ovary superior.
		Perianth 2 whorls of 3 tepals, free or united; stamens 6; carpels 3; ovary often inferior.
		Perianth of 6 tepals, inner or outer whorlk may be united to form a tube; stamens 3; carpels 3; ovary inferior.
	www.utas.edu.au /docs/plant_science/field_botany/species/monocots/fammono.html (583 words)

	ponteder.htm
		Perianth petaloid, united into a tube, white, yellow, blue, often with distinctive markings toward throat of tube [yellow on blue, purple on white].
		Stamens 6, 3, or 1 fertile with 2 staminodes, inserted on the perianth tube.
		Perianth tubular, 6 lobed, the upper one larger, often with a distinct yellow or purple marking.
	www.unh.edu /herbarium/CostaRica/ponteder.htm (1818 words)

	Frullania spp. of New Zealand Dichotomous Key
		Perianth 3-keeled, rim of beak smooth, single-celled protuberances absent; leaf lobe with appendiculate to acute apices lobe median cells with large and concave trigones; oilbodies collectively occupying ca.
		Perianth densely covered by irregular-sized, spinose-like outgrowths, ranging from unicellular outgrowths of 3-5 cells to larger outgrowths of 2-4 (5) cells wide and 4-8 (10-12) long; perianth half-exserted or half- immersed by bracts and bracteoles; gemmae occasionally present.
		Perianth surface with irregular-sized, subtringular to oblong, multicellular tubercles or outgrowths.
	www.liverworts.org /dich_key/frul_key.shtml (1770 words)

	Glossary I-P
		limb: the upper, free, spreading portion of a corolla or perianth that is connate at the base; the expanded portion of a sepal or petal above the claw.
		-merous, -mery: the number of parts per whorl that characterises a particular flower (generally constant for the perianth whorls, often for the whorl(s) of stamens also, least often for the carpelline whorl), see pentamerous, trimerous.
		nectar guide: markings on the perianth of a flower, whether visibly colored lines and dots or in the ultraviolet, that guide a pollinator to the nectar or other floral reward.
	www.mobot.org /MOBOT/research/APweb/top/glossaryi_p.html (6688 words)

	Botany 307F - Families of Vascular Plants - Reproductive characters
		Angiosperm flowers are interpreted as modified shoots, consisting of an axis and appendages that may be sterile (perianth) or fertile (stamens, pistils).
		The outermost whorls (perianth) are sterile, and comprise the calyx (made up of sepals) and corolla (made up of petals).
		In groups where pollen is dispersed by wind or water the perianth members may be inconspicuous or absent.
	www.botany.utoronto.ca /courses/BOT307/B_How/307b1rep.html (689 words)

	©American Daffodil Society, 2001: The Eight Judging Criteria for Judging Daffodils in the Horticulture Division
		Faults against condition include bruises, tears, dirt spots, severe mutilation or removal of the spathe, translucence of the perianth segments, burning of the edge of the corona caused by sun or wind, browning of the anthers, pollen in the cup.
		Perianth segments may be shovel shaped, pointed, or oval; corona may be heavily ruffled or frilled at the edge, but the overall outline should be round.
		A white perianth should be pure white and not a greyish or yellowish white.
	www.homestead.com /kanawhagardenclub/Eight_Point_for_judging.htm (769 words)

	GSLDS Daffodil Horticulture Classifications Page
		Characteristics of the N. poeticus group: usually one flower to a stem; perianth segments pure white; corona very short or disc-shaped, usually with a green and/or yellow center and a red rim, but sometimes of a single color; flowers usually fragrant.
		Autumn to spring flowering; one flower to a rounded stem; leaves narrow, semi-cylindrical; flowers white or yellow; perianth segments insignificant compared with the dominant corona; anthers widely exserted from the tube (often beyond the corona), much shorter than the filaments (which are usually curved), dorsifixed.
		The green leaves, rounded stem, and strongly reflexed perianth segments of N. cyclamineus and the two to four flowers to a stem of N. longispathus and N. nevadensis are atypical.
	stldaffodilclub.org /hortclass.htm (907 words)

	Garden Botany
		Epigynous: The perianth (sepals and petals) and androecium (male parts) are attached above the base of the ovary.
		Perigynous: The perianth (sepals and petals) and androecium (male parts) are fused at the base so that the sepals, petals, and stamens appear to arise from the rim of a floral cup (the hypanthium).
		The perianth is the collective term for all the sepals and petals of a single flower.
	www.bbg.org /gar2/topics/botany/parts_flowers.html (1210 words)

	The Families of Flowering Plants - Cyrillaceae Endl. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Perianth with distinct calyx and corolla; 10(–14); 2 whorled; isomerous.
		Androecial members unbranched; free of the perianth; all equal, or markedly unequal (those of the outer whorl longer, in Cliftonia); free of one another; 1 whorled (Cyrilla), or 2 whorled (5+5).
		Stamens 5 (representing the outer whorl, in Cyrilla), or 10; isomerous with the perianth (Cyrilla), or diplostemonous; oppositisepalous (alternating with the petals); erect in bud (Purdiaea), or inflexed in bud; filantherous (the filaments sometimes flattened and petaloid).
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/delta/angio/www/cyrillac.htm (413 words)

	Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany
		The flowers are actinomorphic, usually bisexual, and possess a perianth of six, basally connate sepallike segments.
		The fruit is a berry or a drupe, often surrounded basally by the short, persistent perianth cup.
		Note the 6 perianth segments, the large yellow glands on the inner filaments, and the pale yellow anther flaps on the outer stamens.
	www.botany.hawaii.edu /faculty/carr/laur.htm (278 words)

	Aletris in Flora of China @ efloras.org
		Perianth 6-lobed distally, pubescent, puberulent, or glabrous; tube proximally adnate to ovary; lobes erect, spreading, recurved, or revolute.
		Flowers usually subsessile, pedicels absent to 1(--2) mm, bract and bracteole borne on distal 1/2 of pedicel (often near apex); perianth lobes linear-lanceolate or narrowly oblong-lanceolate to linear; capsule turbinate, oblong-obovoid, obovoid, or ovoid.
		Perianth 3--4.5 mm, lobes 1--2 mm, erect or recurved, 0.3--1 × tube length.
	www.efloras.org /florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=100995 (585 words)

	[No title]
		Perianth composed of sterile appendages that serve to protect and enclose the flower as it develops.
		The perianth may consist of appendages that all have the same basic size, shape, and appearance.
		With wind and water pollination, the presence of perianth thought to actually hinder ability to pollen to reach carpels that contain the ovules.
	www.d.umn.edu /biology/courses/bio3601/outlineapril13.htm (1490 words)

	NPWRC :: Southern Wetland Flora
		Field Marks: Species of Aletris usually have all or most of their leaves at the base of the plant, flowers in racemes, and 6 perianth parts united for at least half their length.
		Perianth: 6-parted, united for more than 1/2 its length into a cylinder, golden-yellow, up to 1/2 inch long, the lobes triangular and not spreading.
		Stamens: 6, attached to the perianth, not exserted.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/plants/floraso/species/4/aletaure.htm (183 words)

	Daylily Dictionary: Perianth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The typical daylily flower consists of a funnel-shaped perianth tube and limb with six colored perianth segments called tepals arranged in two rows.
		The inner row of segments are petals, and the outer are sepals.
		Also see: Perianth segments, Perianth tube, Petal and Sepal.
	www.daylilies.org /ahs_dictionary/perianth.html (54 words)

	Key 5. Tree Magnoliopsida
		Perianth with either tepals or petals (gamopetalous) fused into tube, the tube may be either long (e.g., Boraginaceae) or short (e.g., Myrsinaceae and some species of Ebenaceae).
		Perianth biseriate; placentation axile, apical, or free central.
		Perianth parts not linear, the apices not cucullate; stamens usually free from perianth, adnate in some Flacourtiaceae.
	www.nybg.org /bsci/french_guiana/dicotfam_key5.html (2549 words)

	Lycoris species in cultivation
		Perianth cream, at first with a diffuse apricot-pink band inside lobes; tube 12-13 mm long.
		Perianth trumpet-shaped, at first white with a maroon stripe on outside of each tepal, later darkening to pink; tube c.1 mm long.
		Perianth white with a pink to red dorsal stripe on each tepal.
	members.ozemail.com.au /~davcooke/lycoris.htm (1953 words)

	Classification of Narcissus
		The length of the perianth segments is the measurement from the tip of one segment when flattened out to the base of the corona.
		The length of the corona is the measurement from the base of the perianth segments to the furthest margin of the corona.
		For purposes of description, the perianth segments will be divided into three zones: outer zone, mid-zone and base; and the corona into three zones: eye zone, mid-zone and rim.
	www.ces.ncsu.edu /depts/hort/consumer/factsheets/narcissus/bulletin41/classification.html (850 words)

	NPWRC :: Aquatic and Wetland Vascular Plants
		Perianth of numerous, long, whitish or rufous bristles, greatly surpassing the scales and giving the spikelets a cotton tuft appearance.
		Perianth of 1-6 small bristles or scales, or the perianth lacking.
		Perianth of 1-6 bristles, rarely absent; style base not swollen, often partly persistent as a beak on the achene.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/plants/vascplnt/famcyper.htm (493 words)

	FDEP - Wetland Delineation Featured Plants: Redroot
		The flowers have six widely spreading perianth segments ("petals") that are gray and hairy on the outside and yellow or reddish brown on the inside.
		The flowers appear to have only three erect or slightly spreading perianth segments ("petals"), but close inspection shows that there are three erect shorter ones outside the obvious inner ones.
		These perianth segments are gray and hairy on the outside and yellow or yellow-green on the inside; they lack tufts of golden hairs.
	www.dep.state.fl.us /water/wetlands/delineation/featuredplants/redroot.htm (533 words)

	Daffodil Classification Definitions
		For the purpose of the description, the daffodil is divided into two regions, the perianth (petals) and corona (cup).
		The perianth (petals) is described using letters of the color code most appropriate, identifying first the outside edge of the petal, then the middle, and lastly the inside part next to the corona.
		If the perianth and/or corona are substantially of a single color; a single letter of the color code is used to describe its classification.
	www.daffodil.org /daffodil/classdefs.htm (515 words)

	Daffodils
		For the purpose of the description, the daffodil is divided into two regions, the perianth (petals) and corona (cup).
		If the perianth and/or corona are substantially of a single color; a single letter of the color code is used to describe its classification.
		perianth segments often reflexed and of silky texture.
	www.dhswp.org /pages/daffodils.html (609 words)

	Trumpet Daffodil : Online Shop - Bloms Bulbs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The perianth segments are of smooth texture and the well proportioned trumpet is widely flanged and serrated at the mouth.
		The wide overlapping shovel pointed perianth is pure white contrasting nicely with the large deep lemon yellow trumpet that is neatly rolled and serrated at the mouth.
		The large broad perianth petals are very smooth and form a perfect background to the long slender trumpet which is nicely flanged at the mouth.
	www.blomsbulbs.com /catalog/flowers.cfm?subTypeId=147 (489 words)

	Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany
		The perianth consists of usually 5 valvate, distinct or basally connate sepals and usually 5 distinct petals (sometimes lacking) that are often basally adnate to the androecium.
		In this species the perianth is 4-merous and the sepals are petaloid.
		These are unisexual flowers with a single perianth whorl consisting of a valvate calyx.
	www.botany.hawaii.edu /faculty/carr/phylo_malv.htm (1175 words)

	Perianth
		The perianth is the combined structure of the flower comprising the calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals) considered collectively as a floral cup; otherwise when the individual segments are similar they are called tepals.
		The perianth segments and stamen (s) may be attached to the pistil(s) in one of three ways:
		In Cactaceae, the perianth form an intergrading series of segment variously known as, tepals, sepaloids and petaloids.
	www.cactus-art.biz /note-book/Dictionary/Dictionary_P/dictionary_perianth.htm (132 words)

	TRICHOCEREUS
		Columnar plants, more or less branched; ribs few to numerous, either low or prominent, usually very spiny; Flowers nocturnal, large, funnel form, the perianth either persistent or separating from the fruit by abscission; perianth-segments elongated; stamens numerous.
		Long ;tube slender; outer perianth segments linear; inner segments probably white; scales of the ovary and flower-tube bearing long brown hairs.
		I have plans of further updating this document as Baker and Rose have not included Trichocereus scoplocolis in their list or key to identification but shall canvass a range of people as to where and how it should be inserted and identified.
	entheogen.netfirms.com /articles/articles/trichos/trichocereus.html (2245 words)

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