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Topic: Pericardium

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	Pericardium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is a dense connective tissue layer which functions in protecting the heart, anchoring it to the surrounding walls and preventing it from overfilling with blood.
		The serous pericardium is deep to the fibrous pericardium.
		The layer next to the fibrous pericardium is the parietal layer, and the layer next to the heart is the visceral layer, also known as the epicardium.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pericardium (257 words)

	V. Angiology. 4a. The Pericardium. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The fibrous pericardium forms a flask-shaped bag, the neck of which is closed by its fusion with the external coats of the great vessels, while its base is attached to the central tendon and to the muscular fibers of the left side of the diaphragm.
		The arteries of the pericardium are derived from the internal mammary and its musculophrenic branch, and from the descending thoracic aorta.
		The nerves of the percardium are derived from the vagus and phrenic nerves, and the sympathetic trunks.
	www.bartleby.com /107/137.html (627 words)

	PERICARDIUM - Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		epicardium, parietal pericardium, serosa, serous membrane, visceral pericardium
		At the base of the heart the two layers are continuous, and form a narrow closed cavity filled with fluid, in which the pulsations of the heart cause little friction.
		The pericardium is a sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels (aorta, superior and inferior vena cava, and the pulmonary arteries and veins).
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/pericardium (126 words)

	Pericardium
		The pericardium is a tough, fibrous, outer coating with discrete attachments to the sternum, great vessels, and diaphragm and an inner membranous coat.
		The function of the pericardium is to limit or prevent acute pathological distension of the heart once the pericardial reserve volume has been used up and the pericardium is stretched.
		The pericardial attachments maintain the heart in its normal position and are so arranged that external forces exerted on the pericardium by respiration or changes in body posture tend to cancel each other and maintain a constant heart position.
	www.rjmatthewsmd.com /Definitions/pericardium.htm (278 words)

	Echocardiography
		M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography in congenital absence of the pericardium.
		Bilateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia with absent pleura and pericardium.
		The X-ray diagnosis of congenital absence of the pericardium
	www2.umdnj.edu /~shindler/periabs.html (4498 words)

	PERICARDIUM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The thickness of the normal parietal pericardium has been determined to be 1-2mm by anatomic studies but it is non-uniform in thickness with most CT measurements being taken anterior to the plane of right and left atrium where it is best defined.
		The pericardium is anchored cranially to the adventitia of the great vessels and caudally to the central tendon of the diaphragm.
		The mechanical role of the pericardium is in holding the heart in position, preventing over-dilatation of the heart, facilitating the hemodynamic interdependance of the ventricles and providing a barrier between the heart and other thoracic structures.
	www.ctisus.org /organsys/chest/syllabus/PERICARDIUM.html (1674 words)

	healthyNJ--Information for Healthy Living--Pericarditis
		However, the pericardium is not essential to life; if the pericardium is removed, there is little measurable effect on the heart's performance.
		Acute pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium that begins suddenly, is often painful, and causes fluid and blood components such as fibrin, red blood cells, and white blood cells to pour into the pericardial space.
		Fluid may be drained from the pericardium by inserting a balloon-tipped catheter through the skin and inflating the balloon to create a hole (window) in the pericardium.
	www.healthynj.org /dis-con/pericard/main.htm (1879 words)

	Circadian Acupuncture, a quick look at pericardium meridian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Not only does the pericardium provide the heart with physical protection, its energy also protects the heart from damage and disruption by excessive emotional energies generated by the other organs, such as anger from the liver, fear from the kidneys, and grief from the lungs.
		Without the pericardium to protect it, the heart would be subject to injury from the radical fluctuations in energy caused by every emotional up and down of the day.
		Emotionally, pericardium energy is related to the loving feelings associated with sex, thereby linking the physical and emotional aspects of sexual activity.
	www.circadianacupuncture.com /CAT/indemeridians/pc.html (1566 words)

	Hemangioma of the Pericardium- IHJ : Jan-Feb 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		He was found to have a clinically normal cardiac status and a mass lesion in the anterior mediastinum, probably arising from the pericardium near the right atrium, as shown by both echocardiography and a computerized tomographic scan of the chest.
		The histopathology of the mass revealed it to be a hemangioma of the pericardium.
		This is one of the rare tumors of the pericardium and only a few cases have been reported in the literature.
	indianheartjournal.com /Jan-Feb-2001/Hemangioma/hemangioma.htm (662 words)

	Quantitative assessment of independent contributions of pericardium and septum to direct ventricular interaction -- ...
		DI and the relative contributions of the septum and pericardium
		The ventral surface of the pericardium was incised
		To assess the pericardial and septal contributions to DI, the pericardium was opened and the entire protocol was repeated.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/2/H476 (4861 words)

	CHEST: Effect of opening the pericardium on right ventricular hemodynamics during cardiac surgery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The impact of the pericardium on right ventricular performance in the presence of normal filling pressures was evaluated using a rapid response RVEF thermodilution pulmonary artery catheter and TEE.
		In the stop-frame mode, from the videotape, the endocardium of the RV was identified.
		Possibly when the pericardium was opened, the RV became overdistended to an extent that affected its contractile function and geometry, thus increasing RV end-diastolic volume and RV end-systolic volume to maintain the stroke volume as prior to opening the pericardium.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_n1_v98/ai_13084519 (1282 words)

	University of Miami School of Medicine - Glossary - Pericardium, visceral
		Pericardium, visceral: The inner layer of the pericardium, a conical sac of fibrous tissue that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great blood vessels.
		The inner coat is double with one layer closely adherent to the heart while the other lines the inner surface of the outer, or parietal, pericardium with the intervening space being filled with fluid.
		The inner part of the pericardium that closely envelops the heart is, as stated, the visceral pericardium; it is also called the epicardium.
	www.med.miami.edu /glossary/art.asp?articlekey=9132 (163 words)

	Thomas' Eclectic Practice of Medicine, 1907: Diseases of the Pericardium: Pneumo-Pericardium. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sometimes pus in the pericardium will generate gas, and consequently be a causal factor.
		The pericardium is distended, and percussion reveals dullness and resonance according to the amount of air and fluid present.
		The pericardium should be punctured with an aspirating needle or small trocar, which will give temporary relief.
	www.ibiblio.org /herbmed/eclectic/thomas/pneumo-peric.html (263 words)

	Pericardium definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Pericardium: The conical sac of fibrous tissue that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great blood vessels.
		The pericardium's outer coat (the parietal pericardium) is tough and thickened, loosely cloaks the heart, and is attached to the central part of the diaphragm and the back of the breastbone.
		Its inner coat (the visceral pericardium or epicardium) is double, with one layer closely adherent to the heart and the other lining the inner surface of the outer coat.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4834 (315 words)

	pericardium on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Effect of opening the pericardium on right ventricular hemodynamics during cardiac surgery.
		Anomalous inferior vena cava with azygos continuation, dysgenesis of lung, and clinically suspected absence of left pericardium.
		Looking at the pericardium The pericardium is a saclike membrane enclosing the heart.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-pericard.asp (336 words)

	APStracts 5:0163H, 1998. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Quantitative assessment of the independent contributions of the pericardium and septum to direct ventricular interaction.
		Background In the intact animal, it is difficult to discriminate between the independent effects of the series and direct ventricular interaction (DI) or the individual contributions of the pericardium and septum to DI.
		With the pericardium closed, RV -to-LV coupling is minimal when RVEDP is low and increases to 1:1 coupling when RVEDP is high.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1998/heart/April/163H.html (241 words)

	Evaluation of the Pericardium by MRI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Although echocardiography remains the initial exam for the evaluation of the pericardium, MR imaging provides several distinct advantages, including a larger field of view to evaluate not only the pericardium but also surrounding mediastinal and pleural structures, excellent anatomical detail, and definitive characterization of pericardial effusions and masses.
		The thickness of the normal pericardium is less than two millimeters, and may or may not be seen on routine Cardiac MR studies.
		MR imaging of the pericardium is indicated when loculated or hemorrhagic effusion is suspected or when echocardiograms are non-diagnositic for pericardial disease.
	www.cvimaging.northwestern.edu /physician/mriind/pericard.cfm (472 words)

	Metastatic Involvement of the Heart and Pericardium: CT and MR Imaging -- Chiles et al. 21 (2): 439 -- RadioGraphics
		Metastatic Involvement of the Heart and Pericardium: CT and MR Imaging -- Chiles et al.
		Involvement of the heart and pericardium is usually a late manifestation
		Involvement of the heart and pericardium in the malignant lymphomas.
	radiographics.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/21/2/439 (3893 words)

	The Mosby Medical Encyclopedia: pericardium@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The inner part (serous pericardium) divides into a membrane that sticks to the heart's surface.
		The other lines the inside of the outer part (fibrous pericardium) of the sac.
		The most outer pericardium has tough, white, fiberlike tissue.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:28737916 (149 words)

	NEIGUAN (Pericardium-6)
		The most frequent application of neiguan stimulation, however, is as an adjunctive point to a number of acupuncture formulas, for which it has many uses aside from treating either cardiac disorders or nausea/vomiting.
		Neiguan is one of the 365 classical acupuncture points, located on the forearm portion of the short pericardium meridian that has a total of only nine standard points (see Figures 1 and 2).
		“Since the pericardium [meridian] branches to traverse the triple burner [meridian], neiguan can free the flow of the three burners.
	www.itmonline.org /arts/pc6.htm (5220 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Pericardium [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		nl:pericardiumms:perikardium The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the great vessels.
		Products related to Pericardium: books, DVD, electronics, garden, kitchen, magazines, music, photo, posters, software, tools, toys, VHS, videogames
		Visit Curious-Minds.co.UK for educational games and toys, and science kits.
	encyclozine.com /Pericardium (258 words)

	University of Miami School of Medicine - Glossary - Parietal pericardium
		University of Miami School of Medicine - Glossary - Parietal pericardium
		Parietal pericardium: The outer layer of the pericardium which is a conical sac of fibrous tissue that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great blood vessels.
		The inner part of the pericardium that closely envelops the heart is called the visceral pericardium or epicardium.
	www.med.miami.edu /glossary/art.asp?articlekey=9130 (147 words)

	Biology Articles :: Physics Post
		In this article I will introduce the fine line that differentiate between friends and enemies.
		Mesothelioma is an uncommon form of cancer, associated with prolonged exposure to asbestos, which affects the pleura, a sac which surrounds the lungs, the peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity, or the pericardium, a sac which surrounds the heart...
		There are many factors that can cause your physiology to move away from that state of balance in which you enjoy perfect, complete health.
	www.physicspost.com /topics.php?topicId=5 (830 words)

	Pericardium, visceral definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Pericardium, visceral definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		MedicineNet Home > MedTerms medical dictionary A-Z List > Pericardium, visceral
		Please consult your healthcare provider before beginning any course of supplementation or treatment.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9132 (267 words)

	AN ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUE FOR SEMILUNAR VALVE RECONSTRUCTION WITH A PRE-CUT AUTOLOGOUS PERICARDIUM USING A DEDICATED ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		AN ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUE FOR SEMILUNAR VALVE RECONSTRUCTION WITH A PRE-CUT AUTOLOGOUS PERICARDIUM USING A DEDICATED MOULD - Abstract 095
		AN ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUE FOR SEMILUNAR VALVE RECONSTRUCTION WITH A PRE-CUT AUTOLOGOUS PERICARDIUM USING A DEDICATED MOULD
		This paper describes in detail steps of this technique of reconstruction of semilunar valve. We have found this technique simpler and easily reproducible in the laboratory especially with the smaller aortic roots.
	www.ctsnet.org /doc/5282 (93 words)

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