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Topic: Pericycle

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	Plant Physiology Online: The Development of Lateral Roots
		One such internal tissue is the pericycle, the exterior cell layer of the provascular cylinder which is surrounded by ground meristem (cortex + endodermis) and epidermis.
		This study demonstrated that extensive de-differentiation of the pericycle cells is apparently not required for the formation of LRPs.
		The first is defined when pericycle cells exit the meristem after establishment of LRP founder cells, generally in the acropetal pattern.
	www.plantphys.net /article.php?ch=e&id=275 (2482 words)

	Roots
		Pericycle - the outer boundary of the stele.
		The final step from the cytoplasm of the pericycle cells to the xylem is probably accomplished once again by active transport.
		The older parts of roots are sheathed in layers of dead cork cells impregnated with a waxy, waterproof (and airproof) substance called suberin.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/R/Roots.html (641 words)

	Plant Physiology Online: Development of a Root Nodule
		Strong labeling of the microtubular cytoskeleton is seen in pericycle cells (arrowhead) facing a protoxylem pole (asterisk).
		These findings show that upon infection, the pericycle is activated first, followed by the activation of the inner cortex, where the nodule primordium forms.
		These changes are followed by a major reorganization of the microtubular cytoskeleton network in outer tissues, associated with root hair activation and curling, the formation of pre-infection threads, and the initiation and the growth of an infection network.
	www.plantphys.net /article.php?ch=12&id=155 (541 words)

	Photo Unit 11: Primary Root Structure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In each xylem "wing" see that those cells that border on the pericycle are of smallest diameter, while those toward the center of the stele are the largest.
		Identify pericycle, xylem, phloem, and unspecialized parenchyma of the stele.
		Identify the endodermis, the thick pericycle, the groups of xylem and phloem and, at the center, a core of parenchyma tissue.
	student.lakeareatech.edu /colclazj/intern/unit11.htm (1057 words)

	Roots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Pericycle is a layer of parenchyma cells just inside the endodermis.
		At the ends of the xylem arms the pericycle becomes active and develops into vascular cambium, Thus a complete layer of cambium develops around the xylem.
		At this time the pericycle produces cells that differentiate into the cork cambium of the root which produces cord cells to the outside and phelloderm to the inside.
	carroll1.cc.edu /~jclausz/botany/Roots.html (842 words)

	Pericycle Cell Proliferation and Lateral Root Initiation in Arabidopsis -- Dubrovsky et al. 124 (4): 1648 -- PLANT ...
		Pericycle cell length in protoxylem and protophloem radii 2 to 4 mm and 6 to 8 mm from the tip.
		For estimation of the average length of fully elongated cells (le), 73 pericycle cells in both the protoxylem and protophloem radii on sections of 10 roots (2-4 mm from the tip) and 50 cells of cortex on sections of nine roots were measured.
		Demchenko NP (1987) Changes in population structure of epidermal, endodermal, and pericycle cells in the course of their development in the wheat root.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/124/4/1648 (6383 words)

	Root Development details
		Mitotic activity must be renewed in differentiated pericycle cells that have left the cell cycle.
		In Arabidopsis, the lateral roots are initiated by local activation of the pericycle cells at the xylem poles (Dhooge et al., 1999).
		To efficiently study the molecular and cytological events during the early stages of pericycle activation, a lateral root-inducible system was developed.
	www.psb.rug.ac.be /research/molgen/root_details.htm (428 words)

	Photo Unit 14: Primary Stem Structure & Stelar & Bundle Types (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Inside the endodermis layer is the pericycle, four or five cells in thickness.
		Recognize the phloem tissue, wholly external to the xylem, and enclosed by a pericycle six to eight cells in depth.
		Despite their irregular distribution vascular bundles are uniform in the orientation of their constituent tissues, ie, the xylem tissue in all of them is directed toward the stem center, while phloem is toward the outside.
	student.lakeareatech.edu /colclazj/intern/unit14.htm (1689 words)

	root (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Lateral roots arise when pericycle cells revert to meristematic activity and the growing lateral root pushes its way through the endodermis and cortex.
		In monocot roots the primary xylem and primary phloem tissues tend to alternate around the stele.
		Pericycle cells revert to meristematic activity so that a complete cylinder (ring) of vascular cambium is formed just below the endodermis.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/gbowes/bsc2010/root.htm (521 words)

	Stems
		This region comprises the pericycle, vascular bundles and pith (medulla).
		The pericycle is made up of sclerenchyma cells which are lignified, dead fibre cells.
		The vascular bundles are situated in a ring on the inside of the pericycle of the plant.
	www.botany.uwc.ac.za /sci_ed/grade10/anatomy/stems.htm (1263 words)

	Frequencies of plasmodesmata in Allium cepa L. roots: implications for solute transport pathways -- Ma and Peterson 52 ...
		The radial walls of pericycle cells are marked by asterisks.
		values: the first file is based on the assumption that all plasmodesmata between pericycle and inner living cells are functional, and the second file is based on the assumption that symplastic transport of ions is only across the pericycle–stelar parenchyma interface (see text).
		The radial walls of pericycle cells are drawn with broken lines to indicate the high PF.
	jxb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/52/358/1051 (4941 words)

	Auxin-Mediated Cell Cycle Activation during Early Lateral Root Initiation -- Himanen et al. 14 (10): 2339 -- THE PLANT ...
		(F) KRP2 expression at the xylem and the phloem poles of the pericycle.
		pericycle is known to be mediated by auxin because the inhibition
		G1-to-S transition in the pericycle in an auxin-dependent manner.
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/14/10/2339 (6888 words)

	Auxin Transport Promotes Arabidopsis Lateral Root Initiation -- Casimiro et al. 13 (4): 843 -- THE PLANT CELL
		Arrowheads indicate the lateral root primordium (lr) and the xylem vessel (x); also indicated are the pericycle cell layer (p) and the endodermis (e).
		Casero, P.J., Casimiro, I., Rodríguez-Gallardo, L., Martín-Partido, G., and Lloret, P.G. (1993) Lateral root initiation by means of asymmetrical transversal divisions of the pericycle cells in adventitious roots of Allium cepa.
		Lloret, P.G., Casero, P.J., Pulgarín, A., and Navascués, J. (1989) The behaviour of two cell populations in the pericycle of Allium cepa, Pisum sativum and Daucus carota during early lateral root development.
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/13/4/843 (6233 words)

	The peri-cell-cycle in Arabidopsis -- Beeckman et al. 52 (Supplement 1): 403 -- Journal of Experimental Botany
		Histograms show the relative DNA content for each pericycle nucleus of two representative roots situated at the xylem poles (A, B) and at the phloem poles (C, D) that was hit during serial sectioning.
		Length of pericycle cells (in µm) determined with serial sections from six seedling roots at 40 h after germination as described in Materials and methods.
		Model for the cell cycle regulation in the pericycle before the initiation of the first lateral root primordium (40 h after germination).
	jxb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/52/suppl_1/403 (4398 words)

	P4-1: Diversity of cellular and organogenetic responses of Arabidopsis pericycle in response to auxins and cytokinins
		P4-1: Diversity of cellular and organogenetic responses of Arabidopsis pericycle in response to auxins and cytokinins
		Combination of 2,4-D with kinetin stimulates the phloem pericycle to divide periclinally and gives rise to pericycle derivatives which are able to regenerate SAMs following transfer on high cytokinin-containing medium.
		These data reveals the bipotentiality of the pericycle and the versatility of the RAM identity, this identity being possibly controlled by the auxin to cytokinin ratio.
	www.ueb.cas.cz /acpd/Abstracts/Posters/chriqui.htm (178 words)

	BIO115 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In roots, lateral branches arise due to meristematic activities of the pericycle.
		For today's lab we are asking you to draw all the cells on the prepared slides.
		Name the tissue you would expect to find immediately outside the pericycle in the root of a young dicot.
	faculty.buffalostate.edu /penaloj/bio115/q3answers.htm (253 words)

	Secondary Growth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Some roots also form an outer protective layer called the periderm which originates from the pericycle and replaces the epidermis.
		The pericycle resumes its meristematic character and begins to divide periclinally again.
		This diagram, which is a slice of the previous drawing, shows how the pericycle is dividing.
	trc.ucdavis.edu /plb/PLB105/students/Tomato/Roots/secondary.html (356 words)

	Chapter 7
		Pericycle is the tissue forming the outer boundary of the vascular cylinder
		secondary growth is initiated by division of pericycle cells and residual procambium
		Draw and label a cross section of a dicot root and a monocot root with the following structures: xylem, phloem, pericycle, endodermis, cortex, vascular cylinder, epidermis; also draw in parenchyma cells of a monocot.
	www.ltcconline.net /kloss/bio201/chapter_5.htm (1164 words)

	Apical organization and maturation of the cortex and vascular cylinder inArabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) roots -- ...
		Double arrows highlight first division of pericycle from which the phellogen arises.
		and in cells of the pericycle adjacent to the phloem (white
		The pericycle opposite the xylem poles divides at angles relative
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/89/6/908 (6169 words)

	Biology - PointAsk Question (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Its outer layer of cells is called the pericycle.
		Inside the pericycle are two kinds of tissues, xylem and phloem.
		Xylem includes rows of dead, tubular cells called vessels, which conduct water and minerals up to the stem and leaves.
	www.pointask.com /pointask/f_q.php3?qid=56199 (246 words)

	Isolation, Characterization, and Pericycle-Specific Transcriptome Analyses of the Novel Maize Lateral and Seminal Root ...
		profiling of the primary root pericycle 64 h after germination,
		expressed in the wild-type pericycle and 73 genes preferentially
		pericycle, 19 genes are involved in signal transduction, transcription,
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/abstract/139/3/1255 (344 words)

	Roots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		pericycle, a single layer of thin-walled cells located adjacent to and inside the endodermis.
		The cells of the pericycle usually do not appear different in form from a the young primary phloem cells.
		On the illustration of the enlargement of the stele, label PRIMARY XYLEM, PRIMARY PHLOEM, PERICYCLE, and ENDODERMIS.
	faculty.valencia.cc.fl.us /tklenk/botany/labs/Roots.htm (891 words)

	Transcript profiling of early lateral root initiation -- Himanen et al. 101 (14): 5146 -- Proceedings of the National ...
		the pericycle for cell division and lateral root formation.
		The highlighted box on the scheme shows the positioning of the micrographs represented in B and C.(B and C) TEM micrographs of transverse sections of NPA-(B) and NAA-treated (C) Arabidopsis roots.
		Note the strongly vacuolated cells after NPA treatment (B) and the appearance of dense cytoplasm after transfer to NAA (C) in the pericycle at the protoxylem poles.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/101/14/5146 (3759 words)

	-- BIO 311
		Eventually the vascular cambium entirely surrounds primary xylem by differentiation of pericycle cells.
		8) Pericycle - remains as a layer of cells to the inside of the periderm, outside of secondary phloem (may resemble a cortex)
		1) Lateral roots: Emerge from pericycle in primary root tissues, usually in region of maturation.
	fsweb.berry.edu /Academic/MANS/mcipollini/bio311/modules/page14.html (758 words)

	Chapter 1
		Learn the root regions, including root cap, region of cell division, region of cell elongation, and region of maturation (including root hairs and all tissues), and know the function of each.
		Discuss the specific functions of the endodermis and the pericycle.
		Understand the differences among the various types of specialized roots.
	www.vernoncollege.edu /~dtaylor/bo1/bo1c5.htm (774 words)

	Genetic analysis of adventitious root formation with a novel series of temperature-sensitive mutants of Arabidopsis ...
		pericycle cells was considered to be arrested in G
		), pericycle cells at the xylem poles continue to divide
		Blakely, L. and Evans, T. Cell dynamics studies on the pericycle of radish seedling roots.
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/130/23/5637 (5259 words)

	Biological Foundations 112, Lecture 9
		Originates in the pericycle in the root (originates in the cortex in the stem)
		In the old root it will form in the outer regions of the living phloem as is the case for
		Lateral roots originate from cells in the pericycle at the tip of a xylem pole
	www.puc.edu /Faculty/Gilbert_Muth/botlec09.htm (281 words)

	Biology - Structure - Roots
		The pericycle is just inside the endodermis and remains meristematic.
		Yes only at the endodermis are water and nutrients forced to enter the cytoplasm; so this is the main opportunity for roots to select what moves on in the xylem stream
		Once they are in the pericycle, water and solutes can take any path to the xylem.
	www.hcs.ohio-state.edu /hort/biology/sroot.html (591 words)

	po-dev Mailing List: Re: pericycle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In the stems of higher vascular plants usually no separate layer is
		found between the phloem and the cortex and the term pericycle is then
		The term pericycle is a generic term and we need to create its
	www.plantontology.org /mailarch-dev/Aug2004/0357.html (261 words)

	Root development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Q: Which cell in the plant is the common ancestor of the pericycle initial and the CE-initial?
		This suggests that GL1 and WER are equivalent proteins that get assigned their specific roles by their expression pattern via their promoters.
		However, given that the pericycle is derived from the embryonic procambium (L3) and the cortex is derived from the embryonic ground meristem (L2), a more precise answer would be: A cell in the lower tier of the early globular-stage embryo (Fig.
	www.bio.utk.edu /vonarnim/BOT404/BOT404Day8.html (1619 words)

	Plant Science Exam 1, 1994
		The structure in the root responsible for storage is the:(1)
		The structure in the root responsible for protection of the vascular tissue is the:(1)
		On the diagram of a leaf below, label the cuticle, epidermis, palisade mesophyl, spongy mesophyl, stomatal cavity, and the guard cells.(6)
	www.uwrf.edu /~dc01/pse194.html (675 words)

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