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Topic: Period instruments

	Classical Net - Basic Repertoire List - Authenticity and Period Instruments
		For earlier music (i.e., romantic period or classical period and earlier, especially music of the baroque, renaissance and medieval periods), there has been a great deal of exploration of different interpretations in terms of "historically informed" or "period instrument" practices.
		Period interpretations have found favor with musicians and CD buyers, and the availability of recordings capturing these performances has increased dramatically in recent years.
		At their best, period performances can illuminate often-heard compositions anew by incorporating smaller instrumental or vocal forces, and expose novel sonorities by using instruments similar to those in use at the time the music was first composed, thus bringing a clarity to the inner workings of the music.
	www.classical.net /music/rep/hip.html (1429 words)

	Period Brass Instruments
		As the interval between 'natural' notes gets smaller the higher in the harmonic series they are, the natural trumpet needs to be twice the length of the equivalent modern trumpet in order that it can play a scale from C on the stave upwards.
		Natural instruments have a number of crooks or bits to change the pitch of the instrument to match the key of the piece of music played.
		The Corno da Tirarsi is believed to be the same instrument but used with a horn type mouthpiece to produce a softer tone.
	www.matthewparkertrumpets.com /periodin.htm (699 words)

	American Bach Soloists - Jeffrey Thomas, music Director
		Rather than cataloguing all the well-founded and essential reasons to use period instruments for this music, it is even more compelling to consider why the use of modern instruments would cheat us of the experience a composer like Bach or Handel meant to give to us.
		Instruments have evolved and grown over the centuries, mostly because composers would present new challenges to instrumentalists, and therefore to those who built their instruments.
		You’ll be glad to hear the instruments being pushed to their limits, and you just might find the ease and aplomb with which modern instruments and their players perform the same passages to be lack-luster by comparison.
	www.americanbach.org /ASimplePrimerOnEarlyInstruments.htm (524 words)

	Beginners' Guide to Period Style (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Using modern instruments with modern playing technique, it can be easily distinguished from the period ensemble by its highly romanticized manner of interpretation of Baroque music as well as the completely different sonority of brass instruments.
		The size of the chamber orchestra is somewhere between the period ensemble and the traditional orchestra.
		O Modern instruments are more powerful and easier to play owing to the various changes made to the instruments since Baroque era.
	www.harmony.oakweb.ca /baroque/period.html (945 words)

	Baroque Music - Part One
		The principal ensemble instruments in Baroque music, as in all subsequent European art music, are the unfretted (that is, without frets), bowed, string instruments of the violin family.
		The two principal keyboard instruments of the Baroque era, the harpsichord, a plucked keyboard instrument, and the organ, are associated, respectively, with secular and sacred music.
		Most instrumental music was played in chamber settings during the Baroque period, given the patronage of the aristocracy and the lack of public performing spaces until the 18th century.
	trumpet.sdsu.edu /M345/Baroque_Music1.html (3432 words)

	Compendium of Baroque Musical Instruments
		When the first recordings that used period instruments were released thirty years ago, their publishers proudly indicated on their sleeves that “original” instruments were being played, even going so far in their desire for exact documentation as to give the name of the manufacturer of each instrument used.
		These ideas are now common practice and performers on these early instruments have since then only increased their knowledge of these instruments, meanwhile verifying the appropriateness of the music to be played to the instrument that will be used; an “original” instrument can take on many different aspects depending on the exact period and country.
		Instrument makers who today are copying period instruments have recognised that it is often difficult to copy these instruments faithfully, for the basic qualities of the instrument are often altered when they modify the instrument’s basic pitch.
	www.toucansolutions.com /compendium/html/introduction.html (1316 words)

	Historically informed performance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Among keyboard instruments, the most dramatic disappearance was that of the harpsichord, which gradually went out of style during the second half of the 18th century.
		Instruments that lost currency rather earlier in musical history include the cornett, the shawm, the rackett, the krummhorn, the theorbo, and the hurdy-gurdy.
		The effect of these instruments in their original form is particularly noticeable when they play together in orchestras, since not only do the musical lines sound different, but their relationship to one another is altered by the difference in relative volume (wind instruments generally being louder relative to the strings).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Period_instruments (3582 words)

	Excelsior Cornet Band - New York's Authentic Civil War Brass Band - Instruments
		Over-the-shoulder instruments were very popular for street or military bands as they threw the sound of the music backwards towards the troops marching behind the band.
		The earliest OTS E-flat cornet by Stratton known to exist, this instrument was acquired in pieces in a bin of old horn parts purchased from the estate of an instrument repairman from Binghamton, NY.
		Fiske was one of the premiere instrument craftsmen of the mid-19th century and his instruments are highly prized by collectors.
	www.excelsiorcornetband.com /wst_page2.html (1926 words)

	Period Music Debate - TrumpetMaster
		Period instruments are generally harder to play in tune when the rest of the ensemble has modern instruments.
		Played all sorts of period instruments (and period music) including over the shoulder saxhorns, cornopeans, keyed bugles, ophicleides, etc. It's a really funny sight watching a quintet play with their backs turned to the audiance as they play their over the shoulder saxhorns with the bells aimed at the audiance.
		After all - the rest of the orchestra often won't be working on period instruments, the players are probably not playing in the same way as the players of the age did and the audience are not going to be hearing things in the same way......
	www.trumpetmaster.com /vb/showthread.php?t=31608 (1795 words)

	Instruments of Musica Antigua de Toledo
		An instrument, once invented, may go out of general use, but it is remembered, and often played, somewhere in the world, only to return to general use later, as in our own time.
		This wire-strung instrument is generally tuned like the lute, but its body is flat-backed, and the sides fancifully (suggestively?) curved to go with the love music that was usually played on it.
		This instrument continued to be used, but less now in consorts of mixed sizes and more as the bass size for continuo, to assist harpsichords to make a strong enough bass sound to match the singers or melody instruments.
	www.musicaantiguatoledo.org /instrume.htm (1964 words)

	Battle of the bands ... er, orchestras \| csmonitor.com
		The "authentic" or "original instruments" movement, as it was called in the 1970s and 80s, claimed modern orchestras did not produce the sounds composers such as Bach, Mozart, or Beethoven would have known.
		But in using both period and modern orchestras, the festival is pursuing one of the most innovative experiments in today's world of opera.
		While instrumental virtuosity was valued in the romantic era of the 19th century, emotional coloration was more important in earlier Baroque opera.
	www.csmonitor.com /2002/0726/p13s01-almp.htm (854 words)

	Period Instruments - Classical Music Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Yet on the instrument he wrote for, this sense of violence was not as easily achieved, since dissonances would die much faster on the softer instruments, and the lower register of the instrument was as clean as the upper register.
		Period instrumentalists in a movement predominantly from the 1960s have led an exploration of what these original sounds may have been like.
		Due to instrumental limitations, some of these recordings are not without their particular burrs in pitch and tone, but this can be taken as a sign of authenticity.
	www.classicalmusicjournal.com.au /period-instruments (1345 words)

	classical music - andante - debussy on "period instruments" ?
		And the issue that the contemporary instruments of the time should be classified as "period instruments" is equally surprising, as we usually think of Debussy as a "modern" composer.
		Flutist Marten Root played an instrument made by Louis Lot, the first and most important Boehm-system flute builder in Paris in the last quarter of the 19th century; violist Richard Wolfe played on gut strings; harpist Musumi Nasagawa played a "Louis XVI model" instrument built in the 1890s by the Erard company.
		This, added to the issues of period instruments and performance context, makes it clear that there is much more to consider in presenting the chamber music of Debussy than we may have thought.
	www.andante.com /article/article.cfm?id=14191 (964 words)

	Period performance practice
		The instruments used are those that most closely resemble the ones used in the old time performances.
		Period instruments from the baroque time usually produce much softer sounds than modern instruments, but are much more agile.
		If you now perform a Bach cantata using period instruments, together with a choir of 30 men and 40 women, the choir will overpower the instruments in a hopeless way.
	ludens.cl /musicus/period.html (1874 words)

	Early Music Studio
		We are now in a period in which access to music and musical instruments of all kinds has not only exploded, but it has become difficult to focus on a single sound, a note, or some chord.
		These instruments were constructed when a horse was the fastest mode of transport, candles were the light, wood was the primary material.
		The larger keyboard instruments in the collection are: a two-manual Frank Hubbard Harpsichords Inc. 1980, after Taskin 1769 with a carefully reproduced historical action and stringing; a single-manual Italian after an anonymous 1694 instrument at the Smithsonian Institution by Johannes Secker; a Viennese-style piano after Stein, c.
	www.clivetitmuss.com /instruments.asp (517 words)

	How Authentic Should Period Music Be?
		Instruments strung with catgut are the best option, but another option for those short of cash is the nylon classical guitar strings.
		The dulcimer was considered to be a "feminine" instrument, certainly not an instrument to be found commonly in military camps being played by men.
		Their ensemble is composed of instruments that are correct for the period portrayed, and Mr.
	www.civilwarpoetry.org /music/authentic.html (1630 words)

	ars antigua - A Note on Period Instruments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Rather than cataloguing all the well-founded and essential reasons to use period instruments for this music, it is even more compelling to consider why the use of modern instruments would cheat us of the experience composers like Bach or Handel meant to give us.
		In the Baroque period, musical phrases were made up of strong and weak notes, falling on strong and weak beats within a bar.
		Accordingly, the bows for stringed instruments were then made to create the same amount of sound whether the bow was moving up or down.
	www.arsantigua.net /period.html (372 words)

	Period Instruments - MozartForum
		This was at Mozart\'s Dwelling house in Salzburg.
		With regards to period instruments and the use of them, when using them, shouldn\'t it matter that we are aware that the modern ear is used to a pitch that is higher than used in Mozart\'s time, for example I\'ll take the violin, it\'s pitch is calabrated currently at A= 440 Htz, the standard.
		The magnificence of period instruments is not their pitch as such, but the materials with which they were built, and their mechanics which made them play.
	www.mozartforum.com /VB_forum/showthread.php?t=791 (4342 words)

	Early Romantic Guitar Sheet Period Technique (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		With the guitar being a new instrument, and with changes to the instrument over time such as the string distance from the top, the changing needs of the performer and so forth, it is not surprising that many players were self-taught, and that technique varied considerably between performers.
		The instrument is a "filter" through which music is processed, and the music can have a totally different effect with a different guitar.
		Some could not change their touch appropriate to the instrument and used modern strings on a 19th century guitar claiming that high tension like modern ones had been used even at the period.
	sedna.lunarpages.com /~early2/erg/erg/periodtechnique.htm (5912 words)

	OBSIP (Instrumentation: Short-Deployment) - National Ocean Bottom Seismograph Instrument Pool (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The short period instruments available through the OBSIP feature a 2 or 4-component system designed to be compact and easy to use for experiments requiring large numbers of instruments and/or rapid response.
		Multiple sensors allow this to be a robust instrument for recording seismic data in both deep and shallow deployments on a variety of ocean bottom environments.
		The WHOI D2 and the SIO L-Cheapo are the instruments maintained by the OBSIP, each of which feature comparable characteristics and capabilities.
	www.obsip.org /inst_sd.html (148 words)

	Investing in debt instruments
		Given this backdrop of interest rate fluctuations, there is a tendency for the investor to avoid mutual funds and stick to the traditional fixed-return, fixed period instruments such as fixed deposits, bank term deposits, government small savings schemes and bonds of financial institutions so as to insulate their portfolio from interest rate risks.
		Duration of an instrument -- that is, the period to redemption -- is an important factor that determines risk.
		The reinvestment risk is higher for an instrument with a shorter duration and with regular interest inflows during the investment period.
	www.blonnet.com /iw/2000/09/10/stories/0710g101.htm (1110 words)

	Period instrument strikes right note - The Boston Globe
		It is a curious fact that advocates of period instruments do not often see the beauty of period programming.
		When Beethoven's First Symphony was premiered in Vienna in 1800, it was on a program with a Mozart symphony, an aria and duet from Haydn's "Creation," a Beethoven Septet divertimento, and some improvisation at the piano by Beethoven himself.
		The best moment came in the middle, in the Mozart concerto, played with sensitivity and skill by Handel and Haydn Society clarinetist Eric Hoeprich, using a basset clarinet that he made himself a decade ago to resemble a drawing of the clarinet owned by Anton Stadler, Mozart's friend who premiered the concerto.
	www.boston.com /ae/music/articles/2006/10/31/period_instrument_strikes_right_note (370 words)

	Steve Barrell, Clavierist
		Performances of their works on `new and improved' instruments frequently transgress the composers' vision, by disrupting the balance between instruments, introducing unfamiliar timbres, and omitting nuances unavailable on the newer instruments.This is particularly true for music before 1850.
		The composer (represented by the score and information from the time), the performer (with appropriate skills and knowledge about performance practices of the time), and authentic instruments, a Musical Trinity, of which all three parts are essential for reproducing and understanding much of our most cherished repertory.
		I invite you to experience familiar pieces on period instruments, and discover why period instruments are essential to the interpretation and enjoyment of our musical heritage.
	www.clavichord.com (124 words)

	Colonial Williamsburg Audio
		Music from the 18th-century Theatre is performed by Colonial Williamsburg singers and by musicians on period instruments.
		On this recording of period music, the Cross Violin, Kirckman Harpsichord, Keene Spinet, Broadwood Pianoforte and three flutes are played just as they were 200 years ago.
		Colonial Williamsburg performers playing period instruments recreate the music Thomas Jefferson himself played at the invitation of the Royal Governor.
	www.history.org /Publications/audio (426 words)

	classical music - andante - period instruments and slavic soul
		Even aside from the arguments about the textural appropriateness of period instruments, the OAE bring a welcome incisiveness and articulation to unusual repertoire.
		Indeed, these performances were so technically accomplished that it was usually impossible to tell period instruments were being used.
		Norrington's decision to use period instruments in an all-Mahler program raises the question of the limitations of historically informed performance.
	www.andante.com /article/article.cfm?id=15525 (577 words)

	Handel and Haydn Society
		Many of Handel and Haydn’s period instrument players come from Boston; some even travel from New York, Washington, and Europe to perform with the group.
		Of the instruments themselves, several used in the orchestra were actually built in the Baroque or classical periods; the others are replicas designed with specific Baroque and classical models in mind.
		The most visible differences between modern and period orchestras can be seen in the woodwind section, where the instruments have few keys and are actually made of wood, and in the brass section, where the instruments have simpler lines and no valves.
	www.handelandhaydn.org /experience/hip/hip_more.htm (297 words)

	Instruments
		For those looking to purchase instruments or bows, "originals" may be scarce and expensive.
		But quite a number of craftspeople replicate period instruments from the exact specifications of instruments preserved in museums.
		Don't dismiss their skilled handiwork - a strong argument can be made that replicated instruments may actually produce a more authentic sound than the originals.
	www.greatbassviol.com /ninstruments.html (144 words)

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